Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

Mount Gede Pangrango National Park
Mount Gede Pangrango National Park
	Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango
	IUCN category II (national park)
	View of Gunung Gede from the nearby tea plantation
	Mount Gede Pangrango NP Location in Java Mount Gede Pangrango NP Mount Gede Pangrango NP (Indonesia)
Location	West Java, Indonesia
Nearest city	Bogor
Coordinates	6°46′0″S106°56′0″E / 6.76667°S 106.93333°E Coordinates: 6°46′0″S106°56′0″E / 6.76667°S 106.93333°E
Area	151.96 km² (15,196 ha)
Established	1980
Governing body	Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Website	www.gedepangrango.org

Last updated April 05, 2019

Mount Gede Pangrango National Park is a national park in West Java, Indonesia. The park is centred on two volcanoes—Mount Gede and Mount Pangrango—and is 150 km² in area.^[1]

West Java is a province of Indonesia. It is located in the western part of the island of Java and its capital and largest urban center is Bandung, although much of its population in the northwest corner of the province live in areas suburban to the larger urban area of Jakarta, though that city itself lies outside the administrative province. With a population of 46.3 million West Java is the most populous of Indonesia's provinces.

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands, and at 1,904,569 square kilometres, the 14th largest by land area and the 7th largest in combined sea and land area. With over 261 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, contains more than half of the country's population.

Mount Gede or Gunung Gede is a stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia. The volcano contains two peaks with Mount Gede as one peak and Mount Pangrango for the other one. Three major cities, Cianjur, Sukabumi and Bogor, are located in the volcano complex at the east, south and northwest, respectively, along with suburban growth. Seven craters are located in the complex: Baru, Gumuruh (2,927 m), Lanang (2,800 m), Kawah Leutik, Ratu (2,800 m), Sela (2,709 m) and Wadon (2,600 m). Historical volcanic activity has been recorded since the 16th century. With the amalgamation and growth of Greater Jakarta with those 3 cities, dense suburban growth has engulfed the fringes of the volcano, home to roughly 4 million people. Though not listed as one of the Decade Volcanoes or thought to produce large eruptions, the huge populations nearby give a potential for severe destruction if indeed a large eruption did occur.

It evolved from already existing conservation areas, such as Cibodas Botanical Gardens, Cimungkat Nature Reserve, Situgunung Recreational Park and Mount Gede Pangrango Nature Reserve, and has been the site of important biological and conservation research over the last century.^[1] In 1977 UNESCO declared it part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.^[2]

The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated protected areas, each known as biosphere reserves, that are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature.

Topography and ecology

Mount Gede (2,958 m) and Pangrango (3,019 m) are twin volcanoes. The two summits are connected by a high saddle known as Kandang Badak (2,400 m). The mountain slopes are very steep and are cut into rapidly flowing stream, which carve deep valleys and long ridges.

Lower and upper montane and subalpine forests are within the park and have been well studied. To the north of Mount Gede is a field of Javanese Edelweiss ( Anaphalis javanica ). The park contains a large number of species known to occur only within its boundaries, however, this may be a result of the disproportionate amount of research over many years.^[1]

Anaphalis javanica or Javanese edelweiss is a flowering plant species endemic to Indonesia. They are found mostly in mountainous regions of Java, southern Sumatra, southern Sulawesi and Lombok. Although a mature plant can reach eight metres in height, most specimens are less than a metre tall. The flower are generally seen between April and August. A bird species, the Javan whistling thrush, nests in the plant's branches.

Flora and fauna

The hunting party of Baron Oscar Vojnich with a Bali tiger, shot at Gunung Gondol, Northwest Bali, November 1911 BaronOscarVojnich3Nov1911Ti.jpg — The hunting party of Baron Oscar Vojnich with a Bali tiger, shot at Gunung Gondol, Northwest Bali, November 1911

Gunung Gede-Pangrango is inhabited by 251 of the 450 bird species found in Java. Among these are endangered species like the Javan hawk-eagle and the Javan scops owl.^[2]

The Javan hawk-eagle is a medium-sized, approximately 60 cm long, dark brown raptor in the family Accipitridae. Its head and neck are rufous and it is heavily barred black below. This majestic and intricately patterned eagle has a long, black crest on its head; this crest is held almost vertically and is tipped with white. The crown is black, topping a chestnut head and nape. The back and wings are dark brown, fading to a lighter brown tail which has wide cream stripes. The throat is creamy white with a black stripe, running to the whitish breast and underparts, which are heavily barred with chestnut. Juvenile birds are similar in colour, but have plainer underparts and a duller head. The sexes are similar.

The Javan scops owl is a rare owl native to Indonesia. There are no subspecies except for the nominate.

Among the endangered mammal species in the Park there are several primates such as the silvery gibbon, Javan surili and Javan lutung. Other mammals include Javan leopard, leopard cat, Indian muntjac, Java mouse-deer, Sumatran dhole, Malayan porcupine, Sunda stink badger, yellow-throated marten, and Bartels's rat.^[2]

The silvery gibbon is a primate in the gibbon family Hylobatidae. It is endemic to the Indonesian island of Java, where it inhabits undisturbed rainforests up to an altitude of 2,450 m (8,040 ft). It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the wild population is estimated at comprising less than 2500 mature individuals.

The Javan surili is an endangered species of Old World monkey endemic to the western half of Java, Indonesia, a biodiversity hotspot. Other common names by which it is known by include gray, grizzled or Sunda Island surili; grizzled or stripe-crested langur; Javan grizzled langur; grizzled, Java or Javan leaf monkey; langur gris.

The Javan lutung, also known as the ebony lutung and Javan langur, is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It is most commonly glossy black with a brownish tinge to its legs, sides, and "sideburns". It is found on and endemic to the island of Java, as well as on several of the surrounding Indonesian islands. The Latin word auratus in its scientific name means "golden", and refers to a less common color variant. Note that the common name golden langur is used for a different species.

Tourism

Visitors usually enter the park by one of the four gates of the park: the Cibodas, Gunung Putri, and Selabintana gates, all give access to the peaks; the Situ Gunung gate gives entrance to a lake area set aside mainly for family-style recreation. Cibodas gate is the most popular entrance gate and is the site of the park's headquarters. From Jakarta, the area is two hours drive, usually via Cibodas Botanical Gardens.

Related Research Articles

Meru Betiri National Park is a national park in the province of East Java, Indonesia, extending over an area of 580 km² of which a small part is marine (8.45 km²). The beaches of the park provide nesting grounds for endangered turtle species such as leatherback turtles, hawksbill turtles, green turtles, and olive ridley turtles.

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The bleeding toad, fire toad, or Indonesia tree toad is a species of true toad endemic to Java, Indonesia. It is listed as a critically endangered species due to a drastic population decline, caused in part by habitat loss due to global climate change and the eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1987. Chytridiomycosis has been identified as a possible threat, but no positive identification has been made. It is possible that the chemical cocktail secreted by the toads provides them with some resistance to the fungus.

West Bali National Park is a national park located in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. The park covers around 190 square kilometres (73 sq mi), of which are 158 square kilometres (61 sq mi) land and the remainder is sea. This is approximately 3% of Bali's total land area. To the north, it includes a 1,000-metre (3,300 ft) long beach, reef and islets. A seaport at Gilimanuk is west of the park, and the village of Goris is to the east. The National Park can be reached by roads from Gilimanuk and Singaraja, or by using ferries from Ketapang, East Java.

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Sody's tree rat is a rodent species in the family Muridae that has been recorded only in bamboo forest in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia. It was first recorded during surveys carried out between 1933 and 1935 at an altitude of 1,000 m (3,300 ft). It is dark brown and has yellow to ochre spots. Its tail is uniform brown. Its head-to-body length ranges from 190 to 210 cm with a 270 to 305 cm long tail. Its long feet indicate that it is adapted to living in trees.

Bartels's rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in West Java, Indonesia, including in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park.

The Bantam caecilian is a species of amphibian in the family Ichthyophiidae of caecilians, endemic to Indonesia. Until its rediscovery in 2000, it was known only from the 1827 type specimen.

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The Javan ferret-badger is a mustelid endemic to Java and Bali, Indonesia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and occurs from at least 260 to 2,230 m elevation in or close to forested areas.

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Mount Pangrango is a dormant stratovolcano located in the Sunda Arc of West Java, Indonesia. The mountain formed by a subduction zone on the southern coast of Java facing the Indian Ocean. It is located about 80 km south of Jakarta, capital of Indonesia.

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Batang Gadis National Park national park

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References

1 2 3 Whitten, Tony and Jane (1992). Wild Indonesia: The Wildlife and Scenery of the Indonesian Archipelago. United Kingdom: New Holland. pp. 127–28. ISBN 1-85368-128-8.
1 2 3 Ministry of Forestry: Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Archived 2010-03-15 at the Wayback Machine ., retrieved 23 July 2010

External links

(in Indonesian) Official site
Ministry of Forestry: Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
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[WILDINDONESIA-1] 1 2 3 Whitten, Tony and Jane (1992). Wild Indonesia: The Wildlife and Scenery of the Indonesian Archipelago. United Kingdom: New Holland. pp. 127–28. ISBN 1-85368-128-8.

[dephut-2] 1 2 3 Ministry of Forestry: Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Archived 2010-03-15 at the Wayback Machine ., retrieved 23 July 2010

v t e National parks of Indonesia
Bali and Nusa Tenggara	Bali Barat Gunung Rinjani Kelimutu Komodo Laiwangi Wanggameti Manupeu Tanah Daru
Java	Alas Purwo Baluran Bromo Tengger Semeru Gunung Ciremai Gunung Gede Pangrango Gunung Halimun Gunung Merapi Gunung Merbabu Karimunjawa Kepulauan Seribu Meru Betiri Ujung Kulon
Kalimantan	Betung Kerihun Bukit Baka Bukit Raya Danau Sentarum Gunung Palung Kayan Mentarang Kutai Sabangau Tanjung Puting
Maluku and Papua	Aketajawe-Lolobata Lorentz Manusela Teluk Cenderawasih Wasur
Sulawesi	Bantimurung-Bulusaraung Bogani Nani Wartabone Bunaken Gandang Dewata Kepulauan Togean Lore Lindu Rawa Aopa Watumohai Taka Bone Rate Wakatobi
Sumatra	Batang Gadis Berbak Bukit Barisan Selatan Bukit Duabelas Bukit Tigapuluh Gunung Leuser Kerinci Seblat Sembilang Siberut Tesso Nilo Way Kambas

v t e Tourist attractions in Indonesia
Sumatra	Ampera Bridge Baiturrahman Grand Mosque Barelang Bridge Bintan Island Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park Gunongan Historical Park Jam Gadang Kerinci Seblat National Park Krakatoa Lagundri Bay Lake Maninjau Lake Singkarak Lake Toba Lumbini Natural Park Maimun Palace Mentawai Islands Regency Nias Pagaruyung Palace Penyengat Island Sipura Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
Java	Ancol Dreamland Anyer Arjuno-Welirang Batu City Bogor Palace Borobudur Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark Cukang Taneuh Dieng Volcanic Complex Ceto Temple G-Land Gembira Loka Zoo Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Ijen Crater Istiqlal Mosque Karimunjawa National Park Kawah Putih Keraton Kasepuhan Keraton Kacirebonan Keraton Kanoman Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Malang Mount Bromo Mount Halimun Salak National Park Mount Merapi Mount Semeru Mrapen Pangandaran Patenggang Lake Pelabuhan Ratu Penataran Prambanan Puncak Ragunan Zoo Sangiran Suramadu Bridge Taman Mini Indonesia Indah Tangkuban Perahu Thousand Islands Tirto Samodra Beach Tretes Trowulan Yogyakarta City Ujung Kulon National Park
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Sulawesi	Bantimurung – Bulusaraung National Park Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park Bunaken National Park Gandang Dewata National Park Kepulauan Togean National Park Lake Tempe Lore Lindu National Park Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park Taka Bone Rate National Park Toraja Trans Studio Makassar Wakatobi National Park
Lesser Sunda Islands	Awang Bay Bedugul Bali Bird Park Bali Safari and Marine Park Canggu Cempi Bay Dreamland Beach Garuda Wisnu Kencana Gili Air Gili Meno Gili Trawangan Goa Gajah Gunung Rinjani National Park Jimbaran Kelimutu Kintamani Komodo National Park Kuta Lake Segara Anak Lovina Beach Mandalika Resort Mount Rinjani Mount Tambora Moyo Island Nusa Dua Nusa Lembongan Pecatu Rinca Sanur Seminyak Senggigi Tampaksiring Tanah Lot Tanjung Ringgit Tirta Gangga Ubud Ujung Water Palace Uluwatu
Maluku and Papua	Fort Belgica Lorentz National Park Puncak Jaya Raja Ampat Islands Teluk Cenderawasih National Park Wasur National Park