Hexaplex

Hexaplex Temporal range: Early Paleocene - Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N 61.7 - 0 Ma
Two views of a shell of Hexaplex cichoreum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Family:	Muricidae
Subfamily:	Muricinae
Genus:	Hexaplex Perry, 1811
Type species
Hexaplex cichoreum(Gmelin, 1791)
Synonyms [1]
AaroniaA. H. Verrill, 1950 BassiaJousseaume, 1880 BassiellaWenz, 1941 CentronotusSwainson, 1833 (invalid: junior homonym of CentronotusSchneider, 1801 [Pisces]) Hexaplex (Hexaplex)Perry, 1810 Hexaplex (Muricanthus)Swainson, 1840 Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis)Cossmann, 1921 Murex (Muricanthus)Swainson, 1840 MuricanthusSwainson, 1840 MurithaisGrant & Gale, 1931 (invalid: junior objective synonym of TrunculariopsisCossmann, 1921) PurpuraRöding, 1798 (invalid: junior homonym of PurpuraBruguière, 1789) TrunculariaMonterosato, 1917 (invalid: junior homonym of TrunculariaWiegmann, 1832 [Bryozoa]; Trunculariopsis is a replacement name)

Hexaplex is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Muricinae of the family Muricidae, the murex shells or rock snails. ^[1]

This genus is known in the fossil record from the Paleocene to the Quaternary period (age range: from 61.7 to 0.012 million years ago.). Fossil shells within this genus have been found all over the world. ^[2]

Description

This genus includes shells in the family Muricidae that are solid and globose. They contain five to eight varices that are more or less foliaceous.

Species

Species within the genus Hexaplex include : ^[1]

• Hexaplex angularis (Lamarck, 1822)
• † Hexaplex arietinus (Millet, 1865)
• Hexaplex bifasciatus (A. Adams, 1853)
• † Hexaplex bourgeoisi (Tournouër, 1875)
• Hexaplex brassica (Lamarck, 1822)
• Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791)
• Hexaplex conatus (McMichael, 1964)
• Hexaplex duplex Röding, 1798
• Hexaplex erythrostomus (Swainson, 1831)
• Hexaplex fulvescens (Sowerby II, 1834)
• Hexaplex kuesterianus (Tapparone-Canefri, 1875)
• † Hexaplex ledoni Ceulemans, van Dingenen, Merle & Landau, 2016
• Hexaplex megacerus (G.B. Sowerby II, 1834)
• Hexaplex pecchiolianus (d'Ancona, 1871)
• Hexaplex princeps (Broderip, 1833)
• Hexaplex regius (Swainson, 1821)
• Hexaplex rileyi D'Attilio & Myers, 1984
• Hexaplex rosarium (Röding, 1798)
• Hexaplex saharicus (Locard, 1897)
• Hexaplex stainforthi (Reeve, 1843)
• † Hexaplex tapparonii (Bellardi, 1873)
• † Hexaplex tridentatus (Tate, 1888)
• Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• † Hexaplex turonensis (Dujardin, 1837)

Species brought into synonymy

• Hexaplex ambiguus(Reeve, 1845): synonym of Muricanthus ambiguus (Reeve, 1845)
• Hexaplex anatomicaPerry, 1811: synonym of Homalocantha anatomica (Perry, 1811) (original combination)
• Hexaplex bojadorensis(Locard, 1897): synonym of Favartia bojadorensis (Locard, 1897)
• Hexaplex bozzadamii(Franchi, 1990): synonym of Hexaplex kusterianus bozzadamii (Franchi, 1990),: synonym of Hexaplex kuesterianus bozzadamii(Franchi, 1990)
• Hexaplex foliaceaPerry, 1811: synonym of Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791) (synonym)
• Hexaplex fuscaPerry, 1811: synonym of Homalocantha scorpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
• Hexaplex kusterianus: synonym of Hexaplex kuesterianus (Tapparone Canefri, 1875) (misspelling)
• Hexaplex nigritus(Philippi, 1845): synonym of Muricanthus nigritus (Philippi, 1845)
• Hexaplex punctuataPerry, 1811: synonym of Hexaplex fulvescens (G. B. Sowerby II, 1834) (nomen oblitum)
• Hexaplex puniceusW. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Favartia garrettii (Pease, 1868)
• Hexaplex radix(Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Muricanthus radix (Gmelin, 1791)
• Hexaplex ryalliHouart, 1993: synonym of Hexaplex saharicus ryalliHouart, 1993 (original combination)
• Hexaplex strausi(A.H. Verrill, 1950): synonym of Muricanthus strausi (A. H. Verrill, 1950)
• Hexaplex tenuisPerry, 1811: synonym of Homalocantha scorpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
• Hexaplex turbinatus : synonym of Hexaplex duplex(Röding, 1798)
• Hexaplex varius(Sowerby II, 1834): synonym of Chicoreus varius (G. B. Sowerby II, 1834)

Extinct species

Extinct species within the genus Hexaplex include: ^[2]

• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) colei Palmer 1937
• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) engonatus Conrad 1833
• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) etheringtoni Vokes 1968
• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) katherinae Vokes 1968
• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) marksi Harris 1894
• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) silvaticus Palmer 1937
• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) supernus Palmer 1947
• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) texanus Vokes 1968
• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) vanuxemi Conrad 1865
• †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) veatchi Maury 1910
• †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) bourgeoisi Tournouër 1875
• †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) brevicanthos Sismonda 1847
• †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) campanii De Stefani and Pantanelli 1878
• †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) rudis Borson 1821
• †Hexaplex hertweckorum Petuch 1988

Fossil shell of Hexaplex trunculus

References

1. Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010). Hexaplex Perry, 1810. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138194 on 2010-11-01
2. "Fossilworks". Archived from the original on 2021-12-13. Retrieved 2021-12-17.

Further reading

• Radwin G. E. & D'Attilio A. (1986) Murex shells of the world. An illustrated guide to the Muricidae. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, x + pp. 1–284 incl 192 figs. + 32 pls.
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp.