Hollandaea | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Proteaceae |
Subfamily: | Grevilleoideae |
Tribe: | Roupaleae |
Subtribe: | Heliciinae |
Genus: | Hollandaea F.Muell. [1] [2] [3] |
Type species | |
Hollandaea sayeri(F.Muell.) F.Muell. – a nomenclatural synonym of: Hollandaea sayeriana | |
Species | |
See text |
Hollandaea is a small genus of plants in the family Proteaceae containing four species of Australian rainforest trees. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] All four species are endemic to restricted areas of the Wet Tropics of northeast Queensland. [4] [5] [6]
The genus was formally described in an 1887 publication by German–Australian government botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, who named it in honour of Sir Henry Holland, Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1888 to 1892. [1] [6] [7]
Lawrie Johnson and Barbara G. Briggs noted the unusual fruits and placed genus in its own subtribe Hollandaeinae within the tribe Helicieae in the subfamily Grevilleoideae in their 1975 monograph "On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family". [8] Molecular genetic analysis shows Hollandaea correlates most closely with the genus Helicia and the two are classified in the subtribe Heliciinae within the tribe Roupaleae. [9]
Hollandaea sayeriana is a species of small trees growing naturally only in the region of Mounts Bellenden Ker, [7] Bartle Frere and the eastern Atherton Tableland. They grow naturally as understory trees beneath the canopy of rainforests, from the lowlands to tablelands, up to about 800 m (2,600 ft) altitude. [4] [5] [6] [15] As of December 2013 [update] this species has the official, current, Queensland Government conservation status of "near threatened" species. [17] : 72
Hollandaea riparia is a species of shrubs and small trees named for growing naturally only in riparian and gallery forest as a rheophyte (river streamside plant). Botanists have found it only in a restricted natural range in the Daintree Rainforest region. [4] [5] [6] [14] As of December 2013 [update] this species has the official, current, Queensland government conservation status of "vulnerable" species. [17] : 53
The species Hollandaea diabolica and Hollandaea porphyrocarpa were both recognised by botanical science only as recently as the 1990s and formally scientifically described in 2012. [3] [4] [10] Around the early 1990s both were recognised only in a restricted area in the mountains west and north west of Mossman, Queensland. A population of H. diabolica affinity was subsequently found south of Mount Bellenden Ker but collections were only of sterile material and not yet fertile and fruiting material. [4] Both species may only grow naturally in the restricted mountains areas reported and further field work will clarify this. [4] [11] [12]
Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 67 species of trees and shrubs of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia, Torres Strait Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Sulawesi, Micronesia. Many species have been threatened with extinction globally or nationally, with official recognition by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and several national and state governments.
Pilidiostigma is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. All species occur in Australia and one, P. papuanum, also occurs in Papua New Guinea. They are not generally known to horticulture. The species P. sessile is rare.
Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation.
Castanospora is a monotypic genus of trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. The sole species Castanospora alphandii, commonly known as brown tamarind, grows naturally in the Australian rainforests of north-eastern New South Wales and eastern Queensland as far north as the Wet Tropics rainforests of north-eastern Queensland.
Atalaya is a genus of eighteen species of trees and shrubs of the plant family Sapindaceae. As of 2013 fourteen species grow naturally in Australia and in neighbouring New Guinea only one endemic species is known to science. Three species are known growing naturally in southern Africa, including two species endemic to South Africa and one species in South Africa, Eswatini and Mozambique.
Lepiderema is a genus of nine species of trees from the family Sapindaceae. As of November 2013 botanists know of seven species growing naturally in Australia and two species in New Guinea. Published botanical science provides a limited knowledge of the full range of diversity in Australia and especially in New Guinea. In New Guinea the two known species have descriptions based each on only a single type specimen collection. Therefore, collection of more specimens and more species is most likely in New Guinea. In Australia they grow in rainforests of the northern half of the east coast side of the Great Dividing Range, from northeastern New South Wales through to northeastern Queensland.
Mischocarpus is a genus of about nineteen species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally from Australia and New Guinea, though Malesia as far north as the Philippines, through SE. Asia, Indo-China and S. China, to India at their farthest west. The eleven Australian species known to science grow naturally in the rainforests of the eastern coastal zone of New South Wales and Queensland, from Newcastle northwards through to north-eastern Queensland and Cape York Peninsula.
Helicia australasica, also named Austral oak or creek silky oak, is a species of rainforest trees from the flowering plant family Proteaceae.
Pseuduvaria is a genus of the plant family Annonaceae and tribe Miliuseae: with a native range is Tropical Asia.
Wendlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in northeastern tropical Africa, and from tropical and subtropical Asia to Queensland.
Carnarvonia araliifolia, commonly known as the red oak, red silky oak, Caledonian oak or elephant's foot, is the sole species in the monotypic genus Carnarvonia, a member of the Proteaceae plant family. It is endemic to the rainforests of northeastern Queensland.
Sarcotoechia is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Synima is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Toechima daemelianum, commonly known as cape tamarind, is an evergreen tree from north-east Queensland in Australia. It grows up to 13 metres high and a trunk which may be up to 20 cm wide.
Helicia grayi, also named Gray's silky oak, is a species of rainforest trees, of northeastern Queensland, Australia, from the flowering plant family Proteaceae.
Gillbeea is a genus of three species of Australasian rainforest trees from the family Cunoniaceae.
Hollandaea sayeriana, sometimes named Sayer's silky oak, is a small species of Australian rainforest trees in the plant family Proteaceae.
Hollandaea riparia, sometimes named roaring Meg hollandaea, is a species of Australian rainforest tree, in the plant family Proteaceae.
Hollandaea diabolica is a species of Australian rainforest tree, constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae. It is endemic to restricted areas of the rainforests of the Wet Tropics region of northeastern Queensland.
Hollandaea porphyrocarpa is a species of small Australian rainforest tree in the plant family Proteaceae. It is endemic to restricted areas of the rainforests of the Wet Tropics region of northeastern Queensland.