Isopogon

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Isopogon
Isopogon cuneatus.JPG
Isopogon cuneatus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Subfamily: Proteoideae
Tribe: Leucadendreae
Subtribe: Isopogoninae
Genus: Isopogon
R.Br. ex Knight [1]
Type species
Isopogon anemonifolius [2]
Species

39 species (see text)

IsopogonAllDistMap.png
Occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium
Isopogon anethifolius, Maranoa Gardens Ianethifolius maranoa.jpg
Isopogon anethifolius , Maranoa Gardens
Infructescence of Isopogon anemonifolius Isopogon fruit (3475372179).jpg
Infructescence of Isopogon anemonifolius

Isopogon, commonly known as conesticks, conebushes or coneflowers, [3] is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, and are endemic to Australia. They are shrubs with rigid leaves, bisexual flowers in a dense spike or "cone" and the fruit is a small, hairy nut.

Contents

Description

Plants in the genus Isopogon are erect or prostrate shrubs with rigid, usually compound, rarely simple leaves. Compound leaves are deeply divided with flat or cylindrical lobes. The flowers are usually arranged on the ends of branches, usually surrounded by bracts, in a more or less conical or spherical spike. Each flower is bisexual and symmetrical, the tepals spreading as the flower develops, the lower part persisting until the fruit expands. The fruit are fused to form a woody cone-like to more or less spherical structure, each fruit a nut with bracts that eventually fall and release the fruit. Isopogon have 13 haploid chromosomes. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Taxonomy

The genus Isopogon was first formally described in 1809 by Joseph Knight in On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae , preempting publication of the same name by Robert Brown in his book On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae . [2] [8]

Species list

The following is a list of species, subspecies and varieties of Isopogon accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at November 2020: [9]

Two new species of Isopogon, I. autumnalis (10 December 2019) [10] [11] and I. nutans (5 May 2020) [12] [13] have been described but the names have not been accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at November 2020.

Related Research Articles

<i>Hakea</i> Genus of plants in the family Proteaceae endemic to Australia

Hakea is a genus of about 150 species of plants in the Family Proteaceae, endemic to Australia. They are shrubs or small trees with leaves that are sometimes flat, otherwise circular in cross section in which case they are sometimes divided. The flowers are usually arranged in groups in leaf axils and resemble those of other genera, especially Grevillea. Hakeas have woody fruit which distinguishes them from grevilleas which have non-woody fruit which release the seeds as they mature. Hakeas are found in every state of Australia with the highest species diversity being found in the south west of Western Australia.

<i>Pimelea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Pimelea, commonly known as rice flowers, is a genus of plants belonging to the family Thymelaeaceae. There are about 150 species, including 110 in Australia and 36 in New Zealand.

<i>Persoonia</i> Genus of shrubs and small trees in the family Proteaceae

Persoonia, commonly known as geebungs or snottygobbles, is a genus of about one hundred species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. Plants in the genus Persoonia are shrubs or small trees usually with smooth bark, simple leaves and usually yellow flowers arranged along a raceme, each flower with a leaf or scale leaf at the base. The fruit is a drupe.

<i>Xylomelum</i> Genus of plants in the family Proteaceae native to Australia

Xylomelum is a genus of six species of flowering plants, often commonly known as woody pears, in the family Proteaceae and are endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are tall shrubs or small trees with leaves arranged in opposite pairs, relatively small flowers arranged in spike-like groups, and the fruit a woody, more or less pear-shaped follicle.

<i>Isopogon anemonifolius</i> A shrub of the family Proteaceae that is found only in eastern New South Wales in Australia

Isopogon anemonifolius, commonly known as broad-leaved drumsticks, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae that is native only to eastern New South Wales in Australia. It occurs naturally in woodland, open forest, and heathland on sandstone soils. I. anemonifolius usually ranges between one and two metres in height, and is generally smaller in exposed heathland. Its leaves are divided and narrow, though broader than those of the related Isopogon anethifolius, and have a purplish tinge during the cooler months. The yellow flowers appear during late spring or early summer and are displayed prominently. They are followed by round grey cones, which give the plant its common name drumsticks. The small hairy seeds are found in the old flower parts.

<i>Isopogon formosus</i> Species of shrub endemic to areas in Western Australia

Isopogon formosus, commonly known as rose coneflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with divided leaves with cylindrical segments, and spherical to oval heads of pink or red flowers.

<i>Isopogon cuneatus</i> Species of shrub endemic to an area around Albany in Western Australia

Isopogon cuneatus, commonly known as coneflower, is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with oblong to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and flattened-spherical heads of glabrous pale to purplish pink flowers.

<i>Cryptandra</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cryptandra is a genus of flowering plants family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to Australia. Most plants in the genus Cryptandra are spiny, heath-like shrubs with small, clustered leaves and flowers crowded at the ends of branches, the flowers usually small, surrounded by brown bracts, and with a tube-shaped hypanthium, the petals hooded over the anthers.

<i>Petrophile</i> Genus of shrubs in the family Proteaceae

Petrophile is a genus of evergreen shrubs, in the family Proteaceae. The genus is endemic to Australia. Commonly known as conebushes, they typically have prickly, divided foliage and produce prominently-displayed pink, yellow or cream flowers followed by grey, conical fruits.

<i>Isopogon sphaerocephalus</i> Species of shrub endemic to the southwest part of Western Australia

Isopogon sphaerocephalus, commonly known as drumstick isopogon or Lesueur isopogon, is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with linear to narrow egg-shaped leaves and spherical heads of hairy white to creamy yellow flowers.

<i>Isopogon adenanthoides</i> Species of shrub endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Isopogon adenanthoides, commonly known as the spider coneflower, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with sharply-pointed, trifid leaves and spherical heads of pink flowers.

<i>Isopogon trilobus</i> Species of shrub that is endemic to south coastal regions of Western Australia


Isopogon trilobus, commonly known as barrel coneflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to South Coast Western Australia. It is a shrub with wedge-shaped leaves with lobed or toothed leaves, and oval, spherical or barrel-shaped heads of cream-coloured to yellow flowers.

<i>Isopogon divergens</i> Species of shrub endemic to the southwest of Western Australia

Isopogon divergens, commonly known as spreading coneflower, is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with pinnate leaves and more or less spherical heads of glabrous pink flowers followed by an oval to cylindrical fruiting cone.

<i>Isopogon teretifolius</i> Species of shrub of the family Proteaceae endemic to the southwest of Western Australia

Isopogon teretifolius, commonly known as nodding coneflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia It is an erect shrub with cylindrical, sometimes branched leaves, and flattened-spherical heads of hairy pinkish flowers.

<i>Isopogon spathulatus</i> Species of shrub of the family Proteaceae endemic to the southwest of Western Australia

Isopogon spathulatus is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-western Western Australia. It is a shrub with linear to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and more or less spherical heads of hairy pink flowers.

<i>Isopogon pruinosus</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to southwestern Western Australia

Isopogon pruinosus is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southwestern Western Australia. It is a compact, spreading shrub with narrow egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base and spherical to elliptic heads of pink flowers.

<i>Isopogon scabriusculus</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae that is endemic to southwestern Western Australia

Isopogon scabriusculus is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southwestern Western Australia. It is a shrub with cylindrical, or narrow flat, sometimes forked leaves, and spherical to oval heads of pink or red flowers.

<i>Isopogon heterophyllus</i> Species of shrub

Isopogon heterophyllus is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a shrub with simple or pinnate, cylindrical leaves and hairy, usually pink flowers.

Isopogon panduratus is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a spreading shrub with narrow egg-shaped leaves and spherical heads of pale pink flowers.

References

  1. "Isopogon". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Isopogon". APNI. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  3. 1 2 Foreman, Donald B. "Isopogon". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  4. Harden, Gwen J. "Isopogon". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  5. Foreman, Donald B. "Isopogon". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  6. "Isopogon". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  7. Ramsay, H. P. (1963). "Chromosome numbers in the proteaceae". Australian Journal of Botany. 11: 1. doi:10.1071/BT9630001.
  8. Knight, Joseph (1809). On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae. London: William Savage. pp. 93–94. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  9. "Isopogon R.Br. ex Knight". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  10. "Isopogon autumnalis". APNI. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  11. Rye, Barbara L.; Macfarlane, Terry D. (10 December 2019). "A new name, clarification of synonymy, and a new subspecies for Isopogon (Proteaceae) in Western Australia" (PDF). Nuytsia. 30: 309–316. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  12. "Isopogon nutans". APNI. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  13. Rye, Barbara L.; Hislop, Michael (5 May 2020). "Sixty years in the making: Isopogon nutans (Proteaceae), a new species with pendulous flower heads" (PDF). Nuytsia. 31: 95–99. Retrieved 28 November 2020.