Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum

Last updated
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Logo.png
IsabellaStewartGardenerMuseumMainLobby.jpg
Courtyard
Map of Boston and Cambridge.png
Red pog.svg
Location within Boston
Former name
Fenway Court
Established1903;121 years ago (1903)
Location25 Evans Way
Boston, MA 02115
Coordinates 42°20′19″N71°5′56″W / 42.33861°N 71.09889°W / 42.33861; -71.09889
Type Art museum
Accreditation American Alliance of Museums
Founder Isabella Stewart Gardner
Director Peggy Fogelman
Public transit accessMBTA.svg   GreenLine   (E branch) Museum of Fine Arts Wheelchair symbol.svg
Website gardnermuseum.org
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
2012 GardnerMuseum Boston USA 1.jpg
Gardner Museum in 2012, original building at right
Built1896–1903
Architect Willard T. Sears [1]
NRHP reference No. 83000603 [1]
Added to NRHPJanuary 27, 1983

The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts, which houses significant examples of European, Asian, and American art. Its collection includes paintings, sculpture, tapestries, and decorative arts. It was founded by Isabella Stewart Gardner, whose will called for her art collection to be permanently exhibited "for the education and enjoyment of the public forever."

Contents

The museum opened in 1903. An auxiliary wing designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano, adjacent to the original structure near the Back Bay Fens, was completed in 2012. [2] [3]

In 1990, thirteen of the museum's works were stolen; the crime remains unsolved, and the works, valued at an estimated $500 million, have not been recovered.

History

The museum was built in 1898–1901 by Isabella Stewart Gardner (1840–1924), an American art collector, philanthropist, and patron of the arts in the style of a 15th-century Venetian palace. It opened to the public in 1903.

Gardner began collecting seriously after she received a large inheritance from her father in 1891. Her purchase of Johannes Vermeer's The Concert (c. 1664) at auction in Paris in 1892 was her first major acquisition. In 1894, Bernard Berenson offered his services in helping her acquire a Botticelli. With his help, Gardner became the first American to own a painting by the Renaissance master. Berenson helped acquire nearly 70 works of art for her collection.

The Rape of Europa (1562) by Titian is one of the most famous works in the museum Tizian 085.jpg
The Rape of Europa (1562) by Titian is one of the most famous works in the museum

After her husband John L. Gardner's death in 1898, Isabella Gardner realized their shared dream of building a suitable space to exhibit their treasures. She purchased land in the marshy Fenway area of Boston, and hired architect Willard T. Sears to build Fenway Court, modeled on the Renaissance palaces of Venice. Gardner was deeply involved in every aspect of the design, leading Sears to quip that he was merely the structural engineer making Gardner's design possible. After the construction of the building was complete, Gardner spent a year installing her collection in a way that evokes intimate responses to the art, mixing paintings, furniture, textiles and objects from different cultures and periods among well-known European paintings and sculpture.

The museum opened on January 1, 1903, with a grand celebration featuring a performance by members of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and a menu that included champagne and doughnuts. In 1909, the Museum of Fine Arts moved to its new home close by.

During Gardner's lifetime, she welcomed artists, performers, and scholars to Fenway Court to draw inspiration from the rich collection and dazzling Venetian setting, including John Singer Sargent, Charles Martin Loeffler, and Ruth St. Denis, among others. Gardner also occasionally hosted artists' exhibitions within Fenway Court, including one of Anna Coleman Ladd. Today, the museum's contemporary artist-in-residence program, courtyard garden displays, concerts, and innovative education programs continue Isabella Gardner's legacy.

When Gardner died in 1924, her will created an endowment of $1 million and outlined stipulations for the support of the museum, including the charge that her collection be permanently exhibited "for the education and enjoyment of the public forever" according to her aesthetic vision and intent.

Gardner appointed her secretary and the former librarian of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Morris Carter (1877–1965) as the museum's first director. Carter catalogued the entire collection and wrote Gardner's definitive biography, Isabella Stewart Gardner and Fenway Court. George L. Stout (1897–1978) was the second director. The father of modern conservation, Stout ensured the long-term preservation of the collection and historic structure. Rollin Van Nostrand Hadley (1927–1992) became the third director in 1970. Hadley increased visiting hours, instituted the Membership Program and added a cafe. Hadley also wrote several catalogs for the museum, produced Fenway Court, an annual scholarly publication, and wrote the 1987 book The Letters of Bernard Berenson and Isabella Stewart Gardner (Northeastern University Press). Anne Hawley was director from 1989 until 2015. [4] Peggy Fogelman, the Norma Jean Calderwood Director, began her tenure as director of the museum in 2016.

Art theft of 1990

Early in the morning of March 18, 1990, two thieves disguised as police officers robbed the museum of thirteen works worth some $500 million the greatest known property theft in history. [5] Among the works was The Concert (c. 1664), one of only 34 known by Johannes Vermeer and thought to be the most valuable unrecovered painting at over $200 million.[ when? ] Also missing is The Storm on the Sea of Galilee (1633), Rembrandt's only known seascape. For some of the works—the canvases were crudely cut with a blade out of their stretchers.

The works have not been recovered. [6] The museum initially offered a reward of $5 million for information leading to recovery of the art, doubled in May 2017 to $10 million. [7] Empty frames hang in the Dutch Room gallery as placeholders for the missing works. The selection of stolen works puzzled experts, as more valuable artworks were present in the museum. [8] According to the FBI, the stolen artwork was moved through the region and offered for sale in Philadelphia during the early 2000s. They believe the thieves were members of a criminal organization based in the mid-Atlantic and New England.[ citation needed ] The statute of limitations on the theft has expired but criminal charges could be laid if an individual is found to be in possession of stolen property. [9]

In April 2021, Netflix began streaming a four-part documentary about the theft: This Is a Robbery: The World’s Biggest Art Heist. [10]

Extension and preservation project

Glass skylights illuminate the central atrium of the original building 2012 GardnerMuseum Boston USA 2.jpg
Glass skylights illuminate the central atrium of the original building

In 2002, after a two-year master planning process, the museum's board of trustees determined that a new wing was necessary to preserve the historic building and to provide improved spaces for programs that continue Isabella Gardner's legacy. In 2004, Pritzker Prize–winning architect Renzo Piano and the Renzo Piano Building Workshop (Genoa, Italy) were selected to design the new wing. In 2009, the final approval for the expansion project was given, but there was much debate about the carriage house. The carriage house, originally built in 1907, was argued to be important for the intent of the first owners, yet the building was torn down in hopes of having the museum preserve the main building. [11] In 2016, the new wing was praised for its appearance by the Boston Society of Architects and awarded a medal for its beauty. [12] The design for the new wing is conceived as a respectful complement to the historic Museum building in scale, form, and materials.

The project adds 70,000 square feet (6,500 m2) consisting of two new buildings. The first building attaches to the original museum and takes on the appearance of four stories in glass and copper. The second building is smaller and is used for greenhouses and living quarters. [13] The new expansion includes spaces for visitor services, concerts, special exhibitions, and education and landscape programs, furthering Isabella Gardner's legacy in art, music, and horticulture while reducing 21st-century strain on the collection and galleries. The project was completed in 2012, [14] and cost $118 million. [13]

Design

"Fenway Court", the museum's original building Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum original building "Fenway Court".jpg
"Fenway Court", the museum's original building

Built to evoke a 15th-century Venetian palace, the museum building provides an atmospheric setting for Gardner's inventive creation. Gardner hired Willard T. Sears to design the building near the marshy Back Bay Fens to house her growing art collection. [15] Inside the museum, three floors of galleries surround a garden courtyard blooming with life in all seasons. The fourth floor was Gardner's private apartments, now used for administration, and rarely for exhibits.

It is a common misconception that the building was brought to Boston from Venice and reconstructed. [16] It was built from the ground up in Boston out of new materials, though it incorporates numerous architectural elements removed from European Gothic and Renaissance structures, worked into the design of the turn-of-the-century building. Special tiles were custom designed for the floors, modern concrete was used for some of the structural elements, and antique capitals sit atop modern columns. The interior garden courtyard is covered by a glass roof, with steel support structure original to the building. The Gardner Museum is much admired for the intimate atmosphere in which its works of art are displayed and for its flower-filled courtyard. Most of the art pieces are unlabeled, and the generally low lighting is more akin to a private house than a modern art museum.

In 1983, the museum was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. [1] [17] In 2013, the museum was designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission.

Collection

Sandro Botticelli, The Story of Lucretia (1496-1504) Suicide lucretia.jpg
Sandro Botticelli, The Story of Lucretia (1496–1504)

Gardner collected and carefully displayed a collection of more than 7500 paintings, sculptures, furniture, textiles, silver, ceramics, 1500 rare books, and 7000 archival objects from ancient Rome, Medieval Europe, Renaissance Italy, Asia, the Islamic world, and 19th-century France and America. Among the artists represented in the galleries are Titian, Rembrandt, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli, Manet, Degas, Whistler and Sargent. The first Matisse to enter an American collection is housed in the Yellow Room.

Well-known artworks in the museum's collection include Titian's The Rape of Europa , John Singer Sargent's El Jaleo and Portrait of Isabella Stewart Gardner, Fra Angelico's Death and Assumption of the Virgin, Rembrandt's Self-Portrait, Aged 23, Cellini's Bindo Altoviti, Piero della Francesca's Hercules, and Botticelli's The Story of Lucretia .

The archives hold more than 7,000 letters from 1,000 correspondents, including Henry Adams, T.S. Eliot, Sarah Bernhardt, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, in addition to travel albums, dealer receipts, and guest books.

The galleries also contain Gardner's little-known but extensive book collection that includes early-print editions and manuscripts of Dante, works by miniaturist Jean Bourdichon, incunables, and illuminated manuscripts.

Current programs

The museum regularly produces scholarly exhibitions, lectures, family programs, and symposia that provide insights into the historic collection. Through the Artist-in-Residence program, artists in many disciplines are invited to live at and draw inspiration from the museum. The museum often hosts exhibitions of contemporary art, performances, and programs by those selected. The Gardner's concert series welcomes musicians and emerging artists to perform classical masterpieces, new music, and jazz on Sunday afternoons and select Thursday evenings. The musical program is also available through concert videos, audio recordings, and a free classical music podcast.

The Gardner is part of the Monuments Men and Women Museum Network, launched in 2021 by the Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art. [18]

The Museum offers free admission to all those named Isabella, for life. [19]

Recent exhibitions

Exhibitions

The Gardner's exhibitions since 2002 include: [20]

Exhibition TitleDate
Cosme Tura: Painting and Design in Renaissance Ferrara January 30 – May 12, 2002
Making of the Museum: Isabella Stewart Gardner as Collector, Architect, and DesignerApril 23 – August 24, 2003
Raphael, Cellini and a Renaissance Banker: The Patronage of Bindo AltovitiOctober 8, 2003 – January 11, 2004
Gondola Days: Isabella Stewart Gardner and the Palazzo Barbaro CircleApril 21 – August 15, 2004
Off the Wall: New Perspectives on Early Italian Art at the Gardner MuseumOctober 6, 2004 – January 9, 2005
Gentile Bellini and the EastDecember 14, 2005 – March 26, 2006
A Bronze Menagerie: Mat Weights of Early ChinaOctober 5, 2006 – January 14, 2007
Luxury for Export: Artistic Exchange between India and Portugal around 1600February 8 – May 4, 2008
The Triumph of Marriage: Painted Cassoni of the RenaissanceOctober 16, 2008 – January 19, 2009
Journeys East: Isabella Stewart Gardner and AsiaFebruary 21 – May 31, 2009
Modeling Devotion: Terra Cotta Sculpture in the Italian RenaissanceFebruary 23 – May 23, 2010
Illuminating the Serenissima: Books of the Republic of Venice May 3 – June 19, 2011
Anders Zorn: A European Artist Seduces AmericaFebruary 28 – May 13, 2013
The Inscrutable Eye: Watercolors by John Singer Sargent in Isabella Stewart Gardner's CollectionOctober 31, 2013 – February 10, 2014
Donatello, Michelangelo, Cellini: Sculptors' Drawings from Renaissance ItalyOctober 23, 2014 – January 19, 2015
Ornament & Illusion: Carlo Crivelli of VeniceOctober 20, 2015 – January 25, 2016
Beyond Words: Italian Renaissance BooksSeptember 22, 2016 – January 16, 2017
Beyond Words: Gardner's Literary WorldSeptember 22, 2016 – January 16, 2017
Off the Wall: Gardner and Her MasterpiecesMarch 10 – August 28, 2016
Henry James and American PaintingOctober 19, 2017 – January 16, 2018
Henry & Isabella: The Art of FriendshipOctober 19, 2017 – January 16, 2018
Close-Up: Piermatteo d'Amelia's AnnunciationFebruary 1 – 27, 2017
Fra Angelico: Heaven on EarthFebruary 22 – May 20, 2018
Isabella's RelicsFebruary 22 – May 20, 2018
Life, Death & Revelry: The Farnese SarcophagusJune 14 – September 3, 2018
Common Threads: Weaving Stories Through TimeOctober 4, 2018 – January 13, 2019
Close Up: Sargent On Location: Gardner's First Artist-in-ResidenceSeptember 14, 2018 – January 19, 2019
Botticelli: Heronines + HeroesFebruary 14 - May 19, 2019
Close Up: Raphael and the Pope's LibrarianOctober 31, 2019 – January 30, 2020
Boston's Apollo: Thomas McKeller and John Singer SargentFebruary 13 – October 12, 2020
Titian: Women, Myth & PowerAugust 12, 2021 – January 2, 2022

Contemporary art exhibitions

The Gardner has also hosted the following exhibitions of contemporary art. [21]

Exhibition TitleDate
Danijel Zezelj: Stray DogsJune 24 – August 21, 2005
Variations On a Theme by Sol LeWitt and Paula Robison September 23 – November 13, 2005
A Pagan FeastNovember 22, 2005 – January 8, 2006
Henrik Håkansson: Cyanopsitta spixii Case Study #001June 30 – September 17, 2006
Sculpture and Memory: Works from the Gardner and by Luigi Ontani February 9 – May 6, 2007
Stefano Arienti: The Asian ShoreJune 29 – October 14, 2007
Cliff Evans: EmpyreanNovember 9, 2007 – January 13, 2008
Luisa Rabbia: Travels with Isabella, Travel Scrapbooks 1883/2008June 26 – September 28, 2008
Su-Mei Tse: Floating MemoriesJuly 16 – October 18, 2009
Taro Shinoda: Lunar ReflectionsNovember 5, 2009 – January 1, 2010
OnceJune 18–20, 2010
Stefano Arienti: Ailanthus2012
Points of View: 20 Years of Artists-in-Residence at the GardnerJanuary 19 – August 20, 2012
(TAPESTRY) RADIO ON: New Work by Victoria Morton at the GardnerJanuary 19 – May 28, 2012
Magic Moments: The Screen and the Eye–9 Artists 9 ProjectionsJune 21 – August 20, 2012
Luisa Lambri: PortraitJanuary 19 – October 15, 2012
Raqs Media Collective: The Great Bare Mat and ConstellationSeptember 20, 2012 – January 7, 2013
Stefano Arienti: Wild CarrotJune 2012 – April 2013
Untitled: Adam Pendleton April – October 2013
Sophie Calle: Last SeenOctober 24, 2013 – March 3, 2014
Carla Fernández: The Barefoot Designer: A Passion for Radical Design and CommunityApril 17 – September 1, 2014

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</span> Art museum in Boston, Massachusetts

The Museum of Fine Arts is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the world, measured by public gallery area. It contains 8,161 paintings and more than 450,000 works of art, making it one of the most comprehensive collections in the Americas. With more than 1.2 million visitors a year, it is the 79th-most-visited art museum in the world as of 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montreal Museum of Fine Arts</span> Art museum in Montreal, Quebec

The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA) is an art museum in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the largest art museum in Canada by gallery space. The museum is located on the historic Golden Square Mile stretch of Sherbrooke Street west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isabella Stewart Gardner</span> American patron of the arts (1840–1924)

Isabella Stewart Gardner was an American art collector, philanthropist, and patron of the arts. She founded the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Worcester Art Museum</span> Art museum in Worcester, Massachusetts

The Worcester Art Museum houses over 38,000 works of art dating from antiquity to the present day and representing cultures from all over the world. The museum opened in 1898 in Worcester, Massachusetts. Its holdings include Roman mosaics, European and American art, and a major collection of Japanese prints. Since acquiring the John Woodman Higgins Armory Collection in 2013, it is also home to the second largest collection of arms and armor in the Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis Kronberg</span> American painter

Louis Kronberg (1872–1965) was an American figure painter, art dealer, advisor, and teacher. Among his best-known works are Behind the Footlights and The Pink Sash.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Hyde Collection</span> Historic house in New York, United States

The Hyde Collection is an art museum in the city of Glens Falls in Upstate New York. The collections were endowed by the Hyde family. The museum is housed in a historic refurbished early twentieth-century residence, the Hyde House, located at 161 Warren Street in Glens Falls, New York, a building that is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Malcolm Austin Rogers, CBE is a British art historian and museum administrator who served as the inaugural Ann and Graham Gund Director of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts, from 1994 through 2015, the longest serving director in the institution's 150-year history. In this role, Rogers raised the status of the museum locally, nationally, and internationally, and brought both extensive popularity and occasional controversy to the museum.

Anne Hawley was the Norma Jean Calderwood Director of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston from 1989 until 2015. Founded in 1903 and one of Boston's most important cultural institutions, the museum is a highly unique installation of Gardner’s private collection, considered to be a work of art in totality. Hawley stepped down from the position at the end of 2015 with plans to continue working with artists and the artistic community. She has been named a Resident Fellow at Harvard's Institute of Politics, beginning in spring 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dennis Miller Bunker</span> American painter

Dennis Miller Bunker was an American painter and innovator of American Impressionism. His mature works include both brightly colored landscape paintings and dark, finely drawn portraits and figures. One of the major American painters of the late 19th century, and a friend of many prominent artists of the era, Bunker died from meningitis at the age of 29.

<i>The Concert</i> (Vermeer) Stolen and missing painting by Johannes Vermeer c. 1664

The Concert is a painting by the Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer depicting a man and two women performing music. It was stolen on March 18, 1990, from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston and remains missing. Experts believe it may be the most valuable stolen object in the world; as of 2015, it was valued at US$250 million.

<i>The Storm on the Sea of Galilee</i> Stolen 1633 painting by Rembrandt

Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Galilee is a 1633 oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Rembrandt van Rijn. It is classified as a history painting and is among the largest and earliest of Rembrandt's works. It was purchased by Bernard Berenson for Isabella Stewart Gardner in 1869 and was displayed at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston before its theft in 1990; it remains missing. The painting depicts the biblical event in which Jesus calmed the storm on the Sea of Galilee, as is described in the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Mark. It is Rembrandt's only seascape.

Colnaghi is an art dealership in St James's, central London, England, which is the oldest commercial art gallery in the world, having been established in 1760.

<i>Mrs. Fiske Warren (Gretchen Osgood) and Her Daughter Rachel</i> Painting by John Singer Sargent

Mrs. Fiske Warren and Her Daughter Rachel is a 1903 oil on canvas portrait painting by American portrait painter John Singer Sargent of Gretchen Osgood Warren, an American actress, singer, and poet, and her daughter Rachel Warren. The painting measures at 152.4 × 102.55 cm (60.0 × 40.4 in) and is exhibited at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts. The museum acquired it on 13 May 1964.

<i>Landscape with Obelisk</i> Stolen and missing painting by Govert Flinck

Landscape with Obelisk is a painting by Dutch artist Govert Flinck, painted in 1638. The oil-on-wood painting measures 54.5 by 71 centimetres. It was formerly attributed to Rembrandt. The painting hung in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum of Boston, Massachusetts, United States, prior to being stolen in 1990.

<i>A Lady and Gentleman in Black</i> Stolen and missing 1633 painting by Rembrandt

A Lady and Gentleman in Black is an oil-on-canvas painting, reputedly a work of the Dutch artist Rembrandt in 1633. Measuring 131.6 by 109 centimetres, it depicts a well-dressed husband and wife. The painting hung in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum of Boston, Massachusetts prior to being one of thirteen works stolen from the museum in a 1990 theft.

<i>The Rape of Europa</i> (Titian) Painting by Titian

The Rape of Europa is a painting by the Venetian artist Titian, painted ca. 1560–1562. It is in the permanent collection of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum of Boston, Massachusetts. The oil-on-canvas painting measures 178 by 205 centimetres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft</span> 1990 art theft in Boston

In the early morning hours of March 18, 1990, 13 works of art were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Guards admitted two men posing as police officers responding to a disturbance call, and the thieves bound the guards and looted the museum over the next hour. The case is unsolved; no arrests have been made, and no works have been recovered. The stolen works have been valued at hundreds of millions of dollars by the FBI and art dealers. The museum offers a $10 million reward for information leading to the art's recovery, the largest bounty ever offered by a private institution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bobby Donati</span> American gangster (1940–1991)

Robert Donati – who went by the name of Bobby and was also known by the nickname Bobby D – was an American career criminal. Along with his twin brother Richard, he was associated with the New England-based Patriarca crime family. His criminal history dates to 1958, when he was 17. He and his brothers were long believed to be part of the Angiulo Brothers' crew, with whom they carried out burglaries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbara Shapiro</span> American author

Barbara Shapiro, or B.A., or Xixi Shapiro, is an American author. Her initial works were published as Barbara Shapiro; her recent novels are styled as authored by B.A. Shapiro.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "National Register of Historical Places: Massachusetts (MA), Suffolk County". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 11, 2007.
  2. Southworth, Susan and Southworth, Michael (1992) The AIA Guide to Boston (2nd ed.) Chester, Connecticut: Globe Pequot. p. 340-342. ISBN   0-87106-188-0
  3. "About: New Meets Old" Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum website
  4. "Hawley a fellow at Institute of Politics", Boston Globe , January 21, 2016, accessed January 21, 2016
  5. Rothman, Lily (18 March 2015). "American History's Biggest Art Theft Hits 25 Years Unsolved". Time. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  6. Suddath, Claire (30 June 2020). "The Case of the Empty Frames Remains Art World's Biggest Mystery". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  7. Murphy, Shelley (2017-05-24). "Gardner Museum: 'We want our paintings back now'". The Boston Globe . Archived from the original on 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
  8. McShane, Thomas & Matera, Dary (2006). "18. No Boston Tea Party at Isabella's". Stolen Masterpiece Tracker. Barricade Books. ISBN   978-1-56980-314-1.
  9. "Netflix's This Is a Robbery Investigates Possible Suspects In America's Biggest Art Heist". www.esquire.com. 7 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  10. "Documentary | This Is a Robbery: a Netflix series examines the world's biggest art heist". The Guardian . Retrieved 21 April 2021. A new series takes a deep dive into one of the most confounding mysteries in the art world: $500m of art stolen from a Boston museum in 1990
  11. Smee, Sebastian (2009-05-19). "Gardner museum expansion approved". Boston.com. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  12. Shanahan, Mark (January 29, 2016). "Gardner Museum expansion named 'most beautiful building'". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  13. 1 2 Edgers, Geoff (January 20, 2010). "Gardner's $118m expansion plan set". The Boston Globe . Retrieved March 26, 2010.
  14. Edgers, Geoff (November 29, 2004). "Gardner museum to grow". The Boston Globe . Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  15. "ISGM Exhibitions: The Making of the Museum—Construction". Gardner Museum. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
  16. Beagle, Jonathan M. (2013). Boston: A Visual History. Charlesbridge. p. 133. ISBN   978-1-60734-666-1.
  17. Massachusetts SP Gardner, Isabella Stewart, Museum. File Unit: National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records: Massachusetts, 1964 - 2012.
  18. "A New Museum Network Is Focusing On the Monuments Men's Long-Overlooked Postwar Cultural Contributions". Artnet News. 2021-06-17. Retrieved 2021-07-14.
  19. "Admissions | Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum". www.gardnermuseum.org. Retrieved 2023-07-08.
  20. "Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum: Past Exhibitions". Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
  21. "Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum: Contemporary Exhibitions" . Retrieved June 19, 2013.