Monazite is a primarily reddish-brown phosphate mineral that contains rare-earth elements. Due to variability in composition, monazite is considered a group of minerals. The most common species of the group is monazite-(Ce), that is, the cerium-dominant member of the group. It occurs usually in small isolated crystals. It has a hardness of 5.0 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness and is relatively dense, about 4.6 to 5.7 g/cm3. There are five different most common species of monazite, depending on the relative amounts of the rare earth elements in the mineral:
Chromate salts contain the chromate anion, CrO2−
4. Dichromate salts contain the dichromate anion, Cr
2O2−
7. They are oxyanions of chromium in the +6 oxidation state and are moderately strong oxidizing agents. In an aqueous solution, chromate and dichromate ions can be interconvertible.
Zinc carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnCO3. It is a white solid that is insoluble in water. It exists in nature as the mineral smithsonite. It is prepared by treating cold solutions of zinc sulfate with potassium bicarbonate. Upon warming, it converts to basic zinc carbonate (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6).
Carl Heinrich Hermann, or Carl HermannGerman:[kaʁlˈhɛʁman], was a German physicist and crystallographer known for his research in crystallographic symmetry, nomenclature, and mathematical crystallography in N-dimensional spaces. Hermann was a pioneer in crystallographic databases and, along with Paul Peter Ewald, published the first volume of the influential Strukturbericht in 1931.
Lead(II) carbonate is the chemical compound with the chemical formula PbCO3. It is a white solid with several practical uses, despite its toxicity. It occurs naturally as the mineral cerussite.
Silver sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Ag2SO4. It is a white solid with low solubility in water.
Mercury(II) iodide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula HgI2. It is typically produced synthetically but can also be found in nature as the extremely rare mineral coccinite. Unlike the related mercury(II) chloride it is hardly soluble in water (<100 ppm).
Lead(II) chromate is the inorganic compound with the formula (PbCrO4). It has a vivid yellow color and is generally insoluble. Two polymorphs of lead chromate are known, orthorhombic and the more stable monoclinic form. Monoclinic lead chromate is used in paints under the name chrome yellow, and many other names. It occurs also as the mineral crocoite.
Strontium bromide is a chemical compound with a formula SrBr2. At room temperature it is a white, odourless, crystalline powder. Strontium bromide imparts a bright red colour in a flame test, showing the presence of strontium ions. It is used in flares and also has some pharmaceutical uses.
Tutton's salts are a family of salts with the formula M2M'(SO4)2(H2O)6 (sulfates) or M2M'(SeO4)2(H2O)6 (selenates). These materials are double salts, which means that they contain two different cations, M+ and M'2+ crystallized in the same regular ionic lattice. The univalent cation can be potassium, rubidium, cesium, ammonium (NH4), deuterated ammonium (ND4) or thallium. Sodium or lithium ions are too small. The divalent cation can be magnesium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc or cadmium. In addition to sulfate and selenate, the divalent anion can be chromate (CrO42−), tetrafluoroberyllate (BeF42−), hydrogenphosphate (HPO42−) or monofluorophosphate (PO3F2−). Tutton's salts crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/a. The robustness is the result of the complementary hydrogen-bonding between the tetrahedral anions and cations as well their interactions with the metal aquo complex [M(H2O)6]2+.
Nickel(II) chromate (NiCrO4) is an acid-soluble compound, red-brown in color, with high tolerances for heat. It and the ions that compose it have been linked to tumor formation and gene mutation, particularly to wildlife.
Iron(II) selenate (ferrous selenate) is an inorganic compound with the formula FeSeO4. It has anhydrous and several hydrate forms. The pentahydrate has the structure, [Fe(H2O)4]SeO4•H2O, isomorphous to the corresponding iron(II) sulfate. Heptahydrate is also known, in form of unstable green crystalline solid.
Nickel is one of the metals that can form Tutton's salts. The singly charged ion can be any of the full range of potassium, rubidium, cesium, ammonium (), or thallium. As a mineral the ammonium nickel salt, (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 · 6 H2O, can be called nickelboussingaultite. With sodium, the double sulfate is nickelblödite Na2Ni(SO4)2 · 4 H2O from the blödite family. Nickel can be substituted by other divalent metals of similar sized to make mixtures that crystallise in the same form.
A selenite fluoride is a chemical compound or salt that contains fluoride and selenite anions. These are mixed anion compounds. Some have third anions, including nitrate, molybdate, oxalate, selenate, silicate and tellurate.
A selenate selenite is a chemical compound or salt that contains selenite and selenate anions (SeO32- and SeO42-). These are mixed anion compounds. Some have third anions.
A tellurite tellurate is chemical compound or salt that contains tellurite and tellurate anions [TeO3]2- [TeO4 ]2-. These are mixed anion compounds, meaning the compounds are cations that contain one or more anions. Some have third anions. Environmentally, tellurite [TeO3]2- is the more abundant anion due to tellurate's [TeO4 ]2- low solubility limiting its concentration in biospheric waters. Another way to refer to the anions is tellurium's oxyanions, which happen to be relatively stable.
An arsenate arsenite is a chemical compound or salt that contains arsenate and arsenite anions (AsO33- and AsO43-). These are mixed anion compounds or mixed valence compounds. Some have third anions. Most known substances are minerals, but a few artificial arsenate arsenite compounds have been made. Many of the minerals are in the Hematolite Group.
Tellurogallates are chemical compounds which contain anionic units of tellurium connected to gallium. They can be considered as gallates where tellurium substitutes for oxygen. Similar compounds include the thiogallates, selenogallates, telluroaluminates, telluroindates and thiostannates. They are in the category of chalcogenotrielates or more broadly tellurometallates or chalcogenometallates.
Nickel(II) selenate is a selenate of nickel with the chemical formula NiSeO4.
