Lead(II) fluoride

Lead(II) fluoride

Names
Other names Lead difluoride plumbous fluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7783-46-2  Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	22955
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.089
PubChem CID	124123
UNII	291824BBS4  Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID901014471 DTXSID60896961, DTXSID901014471
InChI InChI=1S/2FH.Pb/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 Key: FPHIOHCCQGUGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES F[Pb]F
Properties
Chemical formula	PbF2
Molar mass	245.20 g/mol
Appearance	white powder
Odor	odorless
Density	8.445 g/cm3 (orthorhombic) 7.750 g/cm3 (cubic)
Melting point	824 °C (1,515 °F; 1,097 K)
Boiling point	1,293 °C (2,359 °F; 1,566 K)
Solubility in water	0.057 g/100 mL (0 °C) 0.0671 g/100 mL (20 °C) [1]
Solubility product (Ksp)	2.05·10−8 (20 °C)
Solubility	soluble in nitric acid and hydrochloric acid; insoluble in acetone and ammonia
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−58.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Fluorite (cubic), cF12
Space group	Fm3m, No. 225
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	3031 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Other anions	Lead(II) chloride Lead(II) bromide Lead(II) iodide
Other cations	Difluorocarbene Difluorosilylene Difluorogermylene Stannous fluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N  verify  (what is  YN ?) Infobox references

Lead(II) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula Pb F₂. It is a white solid. The compound is polymorphic, at ambient temperatures it exists in orthorhombic (PbCl₂ type) form, while at high temperatures it is cubic (Fluorite type). ^[2]

Preparation

Lead(II) fluoride can be prepared by treating lead(II) hydroxide or lead(II) carbonate with hydrofluoric acid: ^[3]

Pb(OH)₂ + 2 HF → PbF₂ + 2 H₂O

Alternatively, it is precipitated by adding hydrofluoric acid to a lead(II) salt solution, or by adding a fluoride salt to a lead salt, such as potassium fluoride to a lead(II) nitrate solution, ^[4]

2 KF + Pb(NO₃)₂ → PbF₂ + 2 KNO₃

or sodium fluoride to a lead(II) acetate solution.

2 NaF + Pb(CH₃COO)₂ → PbF₂ + 2 NaCH₃COO

It appears as the very rare mineral fluorocronite. ^{[5] [6]}

Uses

Two 25 mm × 25 mm × 140 mm PbF
₂ scintillator crystals used in the Muon g−2 experiment.

Lead(II) fluoride is used in low melting glasses, in glass coatings to reflect infrared rays, in phosphors for television-tube screens, and as a catalyst for the manufacture of picoline. ^[3] The Muon g−2 experiment uses PbF
_² crystals in conjunction with silicon photomultipliers. High energy charged particles create Cerenkov light as they pass through the crystals, which is measured by the silicon photomultipliers. ^{[7] [8]}

It also serves as an oxygen scavenger in high-temperature fluorine chemistry, as plumbous oxide is relatively volatile. ^[9]

References

1. NIST-data review 1980
2. Haines, J.; Léger, J. M.; Schulte, O. (1998-04-01). "High-pressure isosymmetric phase transition in orthorhombic lead fluoride". Physical Review B. 57 (13). American Physical Society (APS): 7551–7555. Bibcode:1998PhRvB..57.7551H. doi:10.1103/physrevb.57.7551. ISSN   0163-1829.
3. Carr, Dodd S. "Lead Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_249. ISBN   978-3-527-30673-2.
4. Arnold Hollemann, Egon Wiberg, 101st ed., de Gruyter 1995 Berlin; ISBN   3-11-012641-9
5. "Fluorocronite".
6. "List of Minerals". 21 March 2011.
7. Khaw, K.S.; et al. (2019). "Performance of the Muon <math><mrow>g<mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after">−2</mrow></math> calorimeter and readout systems measured with test beam data". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 945. arXiv: 1905.04407 . doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.162558.
8. Fienberg, A.T.; et al. (2015). "Studies of an array of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 783: 12–21. arXiv: 1412.5525 . doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.028.
9. Beeks, Kjeld; Sikorsky, Tomas; Rosecker, Veronika; Pressler, Martin; Schaden, Fabian; Werban, David; Hosseini, Niyusha; Rudischer, Lukas; Schneider, Felix; Berwian, Patrick; Friedrich, Jochen; Hainz, Dieter; Welch, Jan; Sterba, Johannes H.; Kazakov, Georgy; Schumm, Thorsten (2023). "Growth and characterization of thorium‑doped calcium fluoride single crystals" (PDF). Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 3897–. Bibcode:2023NatSR..13.3897B. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31045-5. PMC   9995343 . PMID   36890210.