Rubidium fluoride

Last updated
Rubidium fluoride
Rubidium-fluoride-3D-ionic.png
Names
Other names
Rubidium(I) Fluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.262 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • VL8740000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/FH.Rb/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Yes check.svgY
    Key: AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/FH.Rb/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
    Key: AHLATJUETSFVIM-REWHXWOFAO
  • [Rb+].[F-]
Properties
RbF
Molar mass 104.4662 g/mol
Appearancewhite crystalline solid
Density 3.557 g/cm3
Melting point 795 °C (1,463 °F; 1,068 K)
Boiling point 1,408 °C (2,566 °F; 1,681 K)
130.6 g/100 mL (18 °C)
−31.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Toxic
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
0
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
Rubidium chloride
Rubidium bromide
Rubidium iodide
Rubidium astatide
Other cations
Lithium fluoride
Sodium fluoride
Potassium fluoride
Caesium fluoride
Francium fluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yes check.svgY  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Rubidium fluoride (RbF) is the fluoride salt of rubidium. It is a cubic crystal with rock-salt structure.

Contents

Synthesis

There are several methods for synthesising rubidium fluoride. One involves reacting rubidium hydroxide with hydrofluoric acid: [1]

RbOH + HF → RbF + H2O

Another method is to neutralize rubidium carbonate with hydrofluoric acid: [1]

Rb2CO3 + 2HF → 2RbF + H2O + CO2

Another possible method is to react rubidium hydroxide with ammonium fluoride:

RbOH + NH4F → RbF + H2O + NH3

The least used method due to expense of rubidium metal is to react it directly with fluorine gas, as rubidium reacts violently with halogens: [1]

2Rb + F2 → 2RbF

Properties

Rubidium fluoride is a white crystalline substance with a cubic crystal structure that looks very similar to common salt (NaCl). The crystals belong to the space group Fm3m (space group no. 225) with the lattice parameter a = 565 pm and four formula units per unit cell. [2] The refractive index of the crystals is nD = 1.398. [2] Rubidium fluoride colors a flame (Bunsen burner flame) purple or magenta red (spectral analysis).

Rubidium fluoride forms two different hydrates, a sesquihydrate with the stoichiometric composition 2RbF·3H2O and a third hydrate with the composition 3RbF·H2O. [3]

In addition to simple rubidium fluoride, an acidic rubidium fluoride with the molecular formula HRbF2 is also known, [4] which can be produced by reacting rubidium fluoride and hydrogen fluoride. [4] The compounds H2RbF3 and H3RbF4 were also synthesized. [5] [4]

The solubility in acetone is 0.0036 g/kg at 18 °C and 0.0039 g/kg at 37 °C. [6]

The standard enthalpy of formation of rubidium fluoride is ΔfH0298 = −552.2 kJ mol−1, [7] the standard free enthalpy of formation ΔG0298 = −520.4 kJ mol−1, [7] and the standard molar entropy S0298 = 113.9 J K −1 ·mol−1. [7] The enthalpy of solution of rubidium fluoride was determined to be −24.28 kJ/mol. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrofluoric acid</span> Solution of hydrogen fluoride in water

Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive. It is used to make most fluorine-containing compounds; examples include the commonly used pharmaceutical antidepressant medication fluoxetine (Prozac) and the material PTFE (Teflon). Elemental fluorine is produced from it. It is commonly used to etch glass and silicon wafers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caesium fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Caesium fluoride or cesium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CsF and it is a hygroscopic white salt. Caesium fluoride can be used in organic synthesis as a source of the fluoride anion. Caesium also has the highest electropositivity of all known elements and fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all known elements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxygen difluoride</span> Chemical compound

Oxygen difluoride is a chemical compound with the formula OF2. As predicted by VSEPR theory, the molecule adopts a bent molecular geometry. It is a strong oxidizer and has attracted attention in rocketry for this reason. With a boiling point of −144.75 °C, OF2 is the most volatile (isolable) triatomic compound. The compound is one of many known oxygen fluorides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manganese(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Manganese(III) fluoride (also known as Manganese trifluoride) is the inorganic compound with the formula MnF3. This red/purplish solid is useful for converting hydrocarbons into fluorocarbons, i.e., it is a fluorination agent. It forms a hydrate and many derivatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cobalt(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Cobalt(II) fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula (CoF2). It is a pink crystalline solid compound which is antiferromagnetic at low temperatures (TN=37.7 K) The formula is given for both the red tetragonal crystal, (CoF2), and the tetrahydrate red orthogonal crystal, (CoF2·4H2O). CoF2 is used in oxygen-sensitive fields, namely metal production. In low concentrations, it has public health uses. CoF2 is sparingly soluble in water. The compound can be dissolved in warm mineral acid, and will decompose in boiling water. Yet the hydrate is water-soluble, especially the di-hydrate CoF2·2H2O and tri-hydrate CoF2·3H2O forms of the compound. The hydrate will also decompose with heat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrogen fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Hydrogen fluoride (fluorane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula HF. It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield an aqueous solution termed hydrofluoric acid. It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). HF is also widely used in the petrochemical industry as a component of superacids. Due to strong and extensive hydrogen bonding, it boils at near room temperature, much higher than other hydrogen halides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubidium bromide</span> Chemical compound

Rubidium bromide is the bromide of rubidium. It has a NaCl crystal structure, with a lattice constant of 685 picometres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexafluorosilicic acid</span> Octahedric silicon compound

Hexafluorosilicic acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H
2SiF
6. Aqueous solutions of hexafluorosilicic acid consist of salts of the cation and hexafluorosilicate anion. These salts and their aqueous solutions are colorless.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zirconium tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Zirconium(IV) fluoride describes members of a family inorganic compounds with the formula (ZrF4(H2O)x. All are colorless, diamagnetic solids. Anhydrous Zirconium(IV) fluoride' is a component of ZBLAN fluoride glass.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zinc fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Zinc fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula ZnF2. It is encountered as the anhydrous form and also as the tetrahydrate, ZnF2·4H2O (rhombohedral crystal structure). It has a high melting point and has the rutile structure containing 6 coordinate zinc, which suggests appreciable ionic character in its chemical bonding. Unlike the other zinc halides, ZnCl2, ZnBr2 and ZnI2, it is not very soluble in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lead(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Lead(II) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula PbF2. It is a white solid. The compound is polymorphic, at ambient temperatures it exists in orthorhombic (PbCl2 type) form, while at high temperatures it is cubic (Fluorite type).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manganese(IV) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Manganese tetrafluoride, MnF4, is the highest fluoride of manganese. It is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used as a means of purifying elemental fluorine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubidium iodide</span> Chemical compound

Rubidium iodide is a salt of rubidium and iodine, with the chemical formula RbI. It is a white solid with a melting point of 642 °C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiophosphoryl fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Thiophosphoryl fluoride is an inorganic molecular gas with formula PSF3 containing phosphorus, sulfur and fluorine. It spontaneously ignites in air and burns with a cool flame. The discoverers were able to have flames around their hands without discomfort, and called it "probably one of the coldest flames known". The gas was discovered in 1888.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrafluoroberyllate</span> Anion

Tetrafluoroberyllate or orthofluoroberyllate is an anion with the chemical formula [BeF4]2−. It contains beryllium and fluorine. This fluoroanion has a tetrahedral shape, with the four fluorine atoms surrounding a central beryllium atom. It has the same size, charge, and outer electron structure as sulfate SO2−4. Therefore, many compounds that contain sulfate have equivalents with tetrafluoroberyllate. Examples of these are the langbeinites, and Tutton's salts.

Rubidium hydrogen sulfate, sometimes referred to as rubidium bisulfate, is the half neutralized rubidium salt of sulfuric acid. It has the formula RbHSO4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platinum tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Platinum tetrafluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula PtF
4. In the solid state, the compound features platinum(IV) in octahedral coordination geometry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Actinium(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Actinium(III) fluoride (AcF3) is an inorganic compound, a salt of actinium and fluorine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protactinium(V) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Protactinium(V) fluoride is a fluoride of protactinium with the chemical formula PaF5.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubidium oxalate</span> Chemical compound

Rubidium oxalate is the oxalate salt of rubidium, with the chemical formula of Rb2C2O4.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "WebElements". Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 23 February 2006.
  2. 1 2 Ans, Jean d'; Lax, Ellen (1998). Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker (in German). Springer. ISBN   978-3-540-60035-0.
  3. ↑ texte, Académie des sciences (France) Auteur du (1911-01-01). "Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences / publiés... par MM. les secrétaires perpétuels". Gallica. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
  4. 1 2 3 Eggeling, Hans; Meyer, Jullius (1905-08-19). "Über die Fluoride des Rubidiums". Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie. 46 (1): 174–176. doi:10.1002/zaac.19050460111. ISSN   0863-1778.
  5. ↑ A Text-Book of Inorganic Chemistry. Forgotten Books. ISBN   978-1-4510-0469-4.
  6. ↑ Aterton Seidell (1940). Solubilities Of Organic Compounds Vol - I. Carnegie-Mellon University Hunt Library, N.Sathyanarayanan. D.Van Nostrand Co.
  7. 1 2 3 Dickerson, Richard E. (1988). Prinzipien der Chemie (in German). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN   978-3-11-009969-0.
  8. ↑ texte, Académie des sciences (France) Auteur du (1911-01-01). "Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences / publiés... par MM. les secrétaires perpétuels". Gallica. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
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