Bismuth pentafluoride

Bismuth pentafluoride

Names
Other names bismuth(V) fluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7787-62-4  Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:30426  Y
ChemSpider	21172752
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.205
PubChem CID	123260
UNII	BX273GFK98  Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10228490
InChI InChI=1/Bi.5FH.3H/h;5*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;;/p-5/rBiH3.5FH/h1H3;5*1H/q+3;;;;;/p-5 Key: MELFHUKMGVSOTN-COTDSHSIAY
SMILES F[Bi](F)(F)(F)F
Properties
Chemical formula	BiF5
Molar mass	303.97 g mol−1
Appearance	long white needles, [1] colourless crystalline solid [2]
Density	5.40 g cm−3 [1]
Melting point	151.4 °C (304.5 °F; 424.5 K) , [2] 154.4 °C [1]
Boiling point	230 °C (446 °F; 503 K) [1] [2]
Structure
Coordination geometry	octahedral Bi
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H272, H314
Precautionary statements	P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P370+P378, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	4 0 3 W OX
Flash point	non-combustible
Safety data sheet (SDS)	MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions	bismuth trichloride, bismuth tribromide, bismuth triiodide, pentamethylbismuth
Other cations	phosphorus pentafluoride, arsenic pentafluoride, antimony pentafluoride
Related compounds	bismuth trifluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Bismuth pentafluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula BiF₅. It is a white solid that is highly reactive. The compound is of interest to researchers but not of particular value.

Structure

BiF₅ is polymeric and consists of linear chains of trans-bridged corner sharing BiF₆ octahedra. ^{[1] [3]} This is the same structure as α-UF₅. ^[1]

(BiF5)∞ chain	packing of chains

Preparation

BiF₅ can be prepared by treating BiF₃ with F₂ at 500 °C. ^[2]

BiF₃ + F₂ → BiF₅

In an alternative synthesis, ClF₃ is the fluorinating agent at 350 °C. ^[4]

BiF₃ + ClF₃ → BiF₅ + ClF

Reactions

Bismuth pentafluoride is the most reactive of the pnictogen pentafluorides and is an extremely strong fluorinating agent. It reacts vigorously with water to form ozone and oxygen difluoride, and with iodine or sulfur at room temperature. BiF₅ fluorinates paraffin oil (hydrocarbons) to fluorocarbons above 50 °C and oxidises UF₄ to UF₆ at 150 °C. At 180 °C, bismuth pentafluoride fluorinates Br₂ to BrF₃ and Cl₂ to ClF. ^[1]

BiF₅ also reacts with alkali metal fluorides, MF, to form hexafluorobismuthates, M[BiF₆], containing the hexafluorobismuthate anion, [BiF₆]⁻. ^[2] Bismuth pentafluoride in hydrofluoric acid solvent also reacts with nickel fluoride to form the nickel salt of this anion, which can be incorporated into a complex with acetonitrile. ^[5]

References

1. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 561–563. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
2. Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, pp. 769–770, ISBN   0-12-352651-5
3. C. Hebecker (1971). "Zur Kristallstruktur von Wismutpentafluorid". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 384 (2): 111–114. Bibcode:1971ZAACh.384..111H. doi:10.1002/zaac.19713840204.
4. A. I. Popov; A. V. Scharabarin; V. F. Sukhoverkhov; N. A. Tchumaevsky (1989). "Synthesis and properties of pentavalent antimony and bismuth fluorides". Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 576 (1): 242–254. Bibcode:1989ZAACh.576..242P. doi:10.1002/zaac.19895760128.
5. Roland Bougon; Pierrette Charpin; Karl O. Christe; Jacques Isabey; Monique Lance; Martine Nierlich; Julien Vigner; William W. Wilson (1988). "Preparation and characterization of nickel(2+) hexafluorobismuthate(1-) and of the ternary adducts [Ni(CH₃CN)₆](BiF₆)₂ and [Ni(CH₃CN)₆](SbF₆)₂. Crystal structure of hexakis(acetonitrile-d3)nickel(2+) hexafluoroantimonate". Inorganic Chemistry. 27 (8): 1389–1393. doi:10.1021/ic00281a018.