Bismuth pentafluoride

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Bismuth pentafluoride
Bismuth-pentafluoride-chains-from-xtal-1971-3D-balls.png
Bismuth-pentafluoride-chains-from-xtal-1971-3D-SF.png
Names
Other names
bismuth(V) fluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.205 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1/Bi.5FH.3H/h;5*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;;/p-5/rBiH3.5FH/h1H3;5*1H/q+3;;;;;/p-5
    Key: MELFHUKMGVSOTN-COTDSHSIAY
  • F[Bi](F)(F)(F)F
Properties
BiF5
Molar mass 303.97 g mol−1
Appearancelong white needles, [1] colourless crystalline solid [2]
Density 5.40 g cm−3 [1]
Melting point 151.4 °C (304.5 °F; 424.5 K) , [2] 154.4 °C [1]
Boiling point 230 °C (446 °F; 503 K) [1] [2]
Structure
octahedral Bi
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg GHS-pictogram-acid.svg
Danger
H272, H314
P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P370+P378, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazard W+OX: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner AND is oxidizer
4
0
3
W
OX
Flash point non-combustible
Safety data sheet (SDS) MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions
bismuth trichloride, bismuth tribromide, bismuth triiodide, pentamethylbismuth
Other cations
phosphorus pentafluoride, arsenic pentafluoride, antimony pentafluoride
Related compounds
bismuth trifluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Bismuth pentafluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula BiF5. It is a white solid that is highly reactive. The compound is of interest to researchers but not of particular value.

Contents

Structure

BiF5 is polymeric and consists of linear chains of trans-bridged corner sharing BiF6 octahedra. [1] [3] This is the same structure as α-UF5. [1]

Bismuth-pentafluoride-chain-from-xtal-1971-3D-balls.png
Bismuth-pentafluoride-chain-from-xtal-1971-3D-SF.png
Bismuth-pentafluoride-chain-packing-from-xtal-1971-3D-balls.png Bismuth-pentafluoride-chain-packing-from-xtal-1971-3D-SF.png
(BiF5) chainpacking of chains

Preparation

BiF5 can be prepared by treating BiF3 with F2 at 500 °C. [2]

BiF3 + F2 → BiF5

In an alternative synthesis, ClF3 is the fluorinating agent at 350 °C. [4]

BiF3 + ClF3 → BiF5 + ClF

Reactions

Bismuth pentafluoride is the most reactive of the pnictogen pentafluorides and is an extremely strong fluorinating agent. It reacts vigorously with water to form ozone and oxygen difluoride, and with iodine or sulfur at room temperature. BiF5 fluorinates paraffin oil (hydrocarbons) to fluorocarbons above 50 °C and oxidises UF4 to UF6 at 150 °C. At 180 °C, bismuth pentafluoride fluorinates Br2 to BrF3 and Cl2 to ClF. [1]

BiF5 also reacts with alkali metal fluorides, MF, to form hexafluorobismuthates, M[BiF6], containing the hexafluorobismuthate anion, [BiF6]. [2] Bismuth pentafluorude in hydrofluoric acid solvent also reacts with nickel fluoride to form the nickel salt of this anion, which can be incorporated into a complex with acetonitrile. [5]

Related Research Articles

In chemistry, an interhalogen compound is a molecule which contains two or more different halogen atoms and no atoms of elements from any other group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manganese(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Manganese(III) fluoride (also known as Manganese trifluoride) is the inorganic compound with the formula MnF3. This red/purplish solid is useful for converting hydrocarbons into fluorocarbons, i.e., it is a fluorination agent. It forms a hydrate and many derivatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlorine pentafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chlorine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with formula ClF5. This colourless gas is a strong oxidant that was once a candidate oxidizer for rockets. The molecule adopts a square pyramidal structure with C4v symmetry, as confirmed by its high-resolution 19F NMR spectrum. It was first synthesized in 1963.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Nickel(II) fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula NiF2. It is an ionic compound of nickel and fluorine and forms yellowish to green tetragonal crystals. Unlike many fluorides, NiF2 is stable in air.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bromine trifluoride</span> Chemical compound

Bromine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula BrF3. At room temperature, it is a straw-coloured liquid with a pungent odor which decomposes violently on contact with water and organic compounds. It is a powerful fluorinating agent and an ionizing inorganic solvent. It is used to produce uranium hexafluoride (UF6) in the processing and reprocessing of nuclear fuel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xenon tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Xenon tetrafluoride is a chemical compound with chemical formula XeF
4
. It was the first discovered binary compound of a noble gas. It is produced by the chemical reaction of xenon with fluorine:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cobalt(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Cobalt(III) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula CoF3. Hydrates are also known. The anhydrous compound is a hygroscopic brown solid. It is used to synthesize organofluorine compounds.

Antimony pentafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula SbF5. This colourless, viscous liquid is a strong Lewis acid and a component of the superacid fluoroantimonic acid, formed upon mixing liquid HF with liquid SbF5 in 1:1 ratio. It is notable for its strong Lewis acidity and the ability to react with almost all known compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selenium tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Selenium tetrafluoride (SeF4) is an inorganic compound. It is a colourless liquid that reacts readily with water. It can be used as a fluorinating reagent in organic syntheses (fluorination of alcohols, carboxylic acids or carbonyl compounds) and has advantages over sulfur tetrafluoride in that milder conditions can be employed and it is a liquid rather than a gas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manganese(IV) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Manganese tetrafluoride, MnF4, is the highest fluoride of manganese. It is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used as a means of purifying elemental fluorine.

Arsenic trifluoride is a chemical compound of arsenic and fluorine with the chemical formula AsF3. It is a colorless liquid which reacts readily with water.

A hexafluoride is a chemical compound with the general formula QXnF6, QXnF6m−, or QXnF6m+. Many molecules fit this formula. An important hexafluoride is hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6), which is a byproduct of the mining of phosphate rock. In the nuclear industry, uranium hexafluoride (UF6) is an important intermediate in the purification of this element.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iridium(V) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Iridium(V) fluoride, IrF5, is a chemical compound of iridium and fluorine. A highly reactive yellow low melting solid, it has a tetrameric structure, Ir4F20, which contains octahedrally coordinated iridium atoms. This structure is shared with RuF5 and OsF5. It can be prepared by the controlled decomposition of IrF6 or the reduction of IrF6 with silicon powder or H2 in anhydrous HF.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palladium(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Palladium(II) fluoride, also known as palladium difluoride, is the chemical compound of palladium and fluorine with the formula PdF2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromyl fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chromyl fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO2F2. It is a violet-red colored crystalline solid that melts to an orange-red liquid.

Polyhalogen ions are a group of polyatomic cations and anions containing halogens only. The ions can be classified into two classes, isopolyhalogen ions which contain one type of halogen only, and heteropolyhalogen ions with more than one type of halogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neptunium(VI) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Neptunium(VI) fluoride (NpF6) is the highest fluoride of neptunium, it is also one of seventeen known binary hexafluorides. It is an orange volatile crystalline solid. It is relatively hard to handle, being very corrosive, volatile and radioactive. Neptunium hexafluoride is stable in dry air but reacts vigorously with water.

Fluorine forms a great variety of chemical compounds, within which it always adopts an oxidation state of −1. With other atoms, fluorine forms either polar covalent bonds or ionic bonds. Most frequently, covalent bonds involving fluorine atoms are single bonds, although at least two examples of a higher order bond exist. Fluoride may act as a bridging ligand between two metals in some complex molecules. Molecules containing fluorine may also exhibit hydrogen bonding. Fluorine's chemistry includes inorganic compounds formed with hydrogen, metals, nonmetals, and even noble gases; as well as a diverse set of organic compounds. For many elements the highest known oxidation state can be achieved in a fluoride. For some elements this is achieved exclusively in a fluoride, for others exclusively in an oxide; and for still others the highest oxidation states of oxides and fluorides are always equal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexafluoroarsenate</span> Chemical compound

The hexafluoroarsenate anion is a chemical species with formula AsF−6. Hexafluoroarsenate is relatively inert, being the conjugate base of the notional superacid hexafluoroarsenic acid.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 561–563. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, pp. 769–770, ISBN   0-12-352651-5
  3. C. Hebecker (1971). "Zur Kristallstruktur von Wismutpentafluorid". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 384 (2): 111–114. doi:10.1002/zaac.19713840204.
  4. A. I. Popov; A. V. Scharabarin; V. F. Sukhoverkhov; N. A. Tchumaevsky (1989). "Synthesis and properties of pentavalent antimony and bismuth fluorides". Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 576 (1): 242–254. doi:10.1002/zaac.19895760128.
  5. Roland Bougon; Pierrette Charpin; Karl O. Christe; Jacques Isabey; Monique Lance; Martine Nierlich; Julien Vigner; William W. Wilson (1988). "Preparation and characterization of nickel(2+) hexafluorobismuthate(1-) and of the ternary adducts [Ni(CH3CN)6](BiF6)2 and [Ni(CH3CN)6](SbF6)2. Crystal structure of hexakis(acetonitrile-d3)nickel(2+) hexafluoroantimonate". Inorg. Allg. Chem. 27 (8): 1389–1393. doi:10.1021/ic00281a018.