Bismuth(III) nitrate

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Bismuth(III) nitrate
Dusicnan bismutity.JPG
Names
Other names
Bismuth trinitrate, Bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.707 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • anhydrous:600-076-0
PubChem CID
UNII
  • anhydrous:InChI=1S/Bi.3NO3/c;3*2-1(3)4/q+3;3*-1
    Key: PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • anhydrous:[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Bi+3]
Properties
Bi(NO3)3·5H2O
Molar mass 485.07 g/mol (pentahydrate)
Appearancecolorless, white
Density 2.90 g/cm3 (pentahydrate) [1]
Decomposes to form bismuth oxynitrate [2]
Solubility Slightly soluble in acid [2]
-91.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Warning
H272, H315, H319, H335, H411
P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt composed of bismuth in its cationic +3 oxidation state and nitrate anions. The most common solid form is the pentahydrate. [3] It is used in the synthesis of other bismuth compounds. [4] It is available commercially. It is the only nitrate salt formed by a group 15 element, indicative of bismuth's metallic nature. [5]

Contents

Preparation and reactions

Bismuth nitrate can be prepared by the reaction of bismuth metal and concentrated nitric acid. [6]

Bi + 4HNO3 → Bi(NO3)3 + 2H2O + NO

It dissolves in nitric acid but is readily hydrolysed to form a range of oxynitrates when the pH increases above 0. [7]

It is also soluble in acetone, acetic acid and glycerol but practically insoluble in ethanol and ethyl acetate. [8]

Some uses in organic synthesis have been reported for example the nitration of aromatic compounds and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides. [8]

Bismuth nitrate forms insoluble complexes with pyrogallol and cupferron and these have been the basis of gravimetric methods of determining bismuth content. [9]

On heating bismuth nitrate can decompose forming nitrogen dioxide, NO2. [10]

Structure

The crystal form is triclinic, and contains 10 coordinate Bi3+, (three bidentate nitrate ions and four water molecules). [1]

Related Research Articles

Silver nitrate Chemical compound

Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO
3. This salt is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon. In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three-coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.

Lead(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb(NO3)2. It commonly occurs as a colourless crystal or white powder and, unlike most other lead(II) salts, is soluble in water.

Dinitrogen pentoxide Chemical compound

Dinitrogen pentoxide is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5, also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that only contain nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless crystals that melt at 41 °C. Its boiling point is 47 °C, and sublimes slightly above room temperature, yielding a colorless gas.

Cerium(IV) sulfate Chemical compound

Cerium(IV) sulfate, also called ceric sulfate, is an inorganic compound. It exists as the anhydrous salt Ce(SO4)2 as well as a few hydrated forms: Ce(SO4)2(H2O)x, with x equal to 4, 8, or 12. These salts are yellow to yellow/orange solids that are moderately soluble in water and dilute acids. Its neutral solutions slowly decompose, depositing the light yellow oxide CeO2. Solutions of ceric sulfate have a strong yellow color. The tetrahydrate loses water when heated to 180-200 °C.

Cadmium nitrate Chemical compound

Cadmium nitrate describes any of the related members of a family of inorganic compounds with the general formula , the most commonly encountered form being the tetrahydrate. The anhydrous form is volatile, but the others are colourless crystalline solids that are deliquescent, tending to absorb enough moisture from the air to form an aqueous solution. Like other cadmium compounds, cadmium nitrate is known to be carcinogenic.

Iron(III) nitrate Chemical compound

Iron(III) nitrate, or ferric nitrate, is the name used for a series of inorganic compounds with the formula Fe(NO3)3.(H2O)n. Most common is the nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3.(H2O)9. The hydrates are all pale colored, water-soluble paramagnetic salts.

Bismuth chloride Chemical compound

Bismuth chloride (or butter of bismuth) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BiCl3. It is a covalent compound and is the common source of the Bi3+ ion. In the gas phase and in the crystal, the species adopts a pyramidal structure, in accord with VSEPR theory.

Bismuth(III) iodide Chemical compound

Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis.

Organobismuth chemistry

Organobismuth chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to bismuth chemical bond. Applications are few. The main bismuth oxidation states are Bi(III) and Bi(V) as in all higher group 15 elements. The energy of a bond to carbon in this group decreases in the order P > As > Sb > Bi. The first reported use of bismuth in organic chemistry was in oxidation of alcohols by Challenger in 1934 (using Ph3Bi(OH)2). Knowledge about methylated species of bismuth in environmental and biological media is limited.

Sodium bismuthate Chemical compound

Sodium bismuthate is an inorganic compound, and a strong oxidiser with chemical formula NaBiO3. It is somewhat hygroscopic, but not soluble in cold water, which can be convenient since the reagent can be easily removed after the reaction. It is one of the few water insoluble sodium salts. Commercial samples may be a mixture of bismuth(V) oxide, sodium carbonate and sodium peroxide.

Antimony(III) sulfate Chemical compound

Antimony sulfate, Sb2(SO4)3, is a hygroscopic salt formed by reacting antimony or its compounds with hot sulfuric acid. It is used in doping of semiconductors and in the production of explosives and fireworks.

Bismuth oxynitrate is the name applied to a number of compounds that contain Bi3+, nitrate ions and oxide ions and which can be considered as compounds formed from Bi2O3, N2O5 and H2O. Other names for bismuth oxynitrate include bismuth subnitrate and bismuthyl nitrate. In older texts bismuth oxynitrate is often simply described as BiONO3 or basic bismuth nitrate. Bismuth oxynitrate was once called magisterium bismuti or bismutum subnitricum, and was used as a white pigment, in beauty care, and as a gentle disinfectant for internal and external use. It is also used to form Dragendorff reagent, which is used as a TLC stain.

Actinide chemistry Branch of nuclear chemistry

Actinide chemistry is one of the main branches of nuclear chemistry that investigates the processes and molecular systems of the actinides. The actinides derive their name from the group 3 element actinium. The informal chemical symbol An is used in general discussions of actinide chemistry to refer to any actinide. All but one of the actinides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 5f electron shell; lawrencium, a d-block element, is also generally considered an actinide. In comparison with the lanthanides, also mostly f-block elements, the actinides show much more variable valence. The actinide series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium.

Thorium(IV) nitrate Chemical compound

Thorium(IV) nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula Th(NO3)4. A white solid in its anhydrous form, it can form tetra- and pentahydrates. As a salt of thorium it is weakly radioactive.

Europium(III) nitrate Chemical compound

Europium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula Eu(NO3)3. Its hexahydrate is the most common form, which is a colorless hygroscopic crystal.

Dysprosium(III) nitrate Chemical compound

Dysprosium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of dysprosium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Dy(NO3)3. The compound forms yellowish crystals, dissolves in water, forms a crystalline hydrate.

Ytterbium(III) nitrate Chemical compound

Ytterbium (III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of ytterbium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Yb(NO3)3. The compound forms colorless crystals, dissolves in water, and also forms crystalline hydrates.

Curium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of curium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Cm(NO3)3.

Thulium(III) nitrate Chemical compound

Thulium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of thulium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Tm(NO3)3. The compound forms dark-green crystals, readily soluble in water, also forms crystalline hydrates.

Promethium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of promethium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Pm(NO3)3. The compound is radioactive, soluble in water and forms crystalline hydrates.

References

  1. 1 2 Lazarini, F. (15 August 1985). "Redetermination of the structure of bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)3.5H2O". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 41 (8): 1144–1145. doi:10.1107/S0108270185006916.
  2. 1 2 John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–41. ISBN   978-1138561632.
  3. ↑ "Normal Bismuth Nitrate, Bi(NO3)3".
  4. ↑ Mary Eagleson (1994). Concise encyclopedia chemistry . Walter de Gruyter. ISBN   3-11-011451-8.
  5. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
  6. ↑ Rich, Ronald (2007). Inorganic Reactions in Water (e-book). Springer. ISBN   978-3-540-73962-3.
  7. ↑ Lazarini, F. (1981). "Thermal dehydration of some basic bismuth nitrates". Thermochimica Acta. 46 (1): 53–55. doi:10.1016/0040-6031(81)85076-9. ISSN   0040-6031.
  8. 1 2 Suzuki, Hitomi, ed. (2001). Organobismuth Chemistry. Elsevier. ISBN   0-444-20528-4.
  9. ↑ A.I. Vogel,(1951), Quantitative Inorganic analysis, (2d edition), Longmans Green and Co
  10. ↑ Krabbe, S.W.; Mohan, R.S. (2012). "Environmentally friendly organic synthesis using Bi(III) compounds". In Ollevier, Thierry (ed.). Topics in Current chemistry 311, Bismuth-Mediated Organic Reactions. Springer. pp. 100–110. ISBN   978-3-642-27239-4.
Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion
HNO3 He
LiNO3 Be(NO3)2 B(NO
3)−
4 		RONO2 NO−
3
NH4NO3 		HOONO2 FNO3 Ne
NaNO3 Mg(NO3)2 Al(NO3)3 SiPS ClONO2 Ar
KNO3 Ca(NO3)2 Sc(NO3)3 Ti(NO3)4 VO(NO3)3 Cr(NO3)3 Mn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2
Fe(NO3)3 		Co(NO3)2
Co(NO3)3 		Ni(NO3)2 CuNO3
Cu(NO3)2 		Zn(NO3)2 Ga(NO3)3 GeAsSe BrNO3 Kr
RbNO3 Sr(NO3)2 Y(NO3)3 Zr(NO3)4 NbMoTc Ru(NO3)3 Rh(NO3)3 Pd(NO3)2
Pd(NO3)4 		AgNO3
Ag(NO3)2 		Cd(NO3)2 In(NO3)3 Sn(NO3)4 Sb(NO3)3 Te INO3 Xe(NO3)2
CsNO3 Ba(NO3)2   Hf(NO3)4 TaWReOsIr Pt(NO3)2
Pt(NO3)4 		Au(NO3)3 Hg2(NO3)2
Hg(NO3)2 		TlNO3
Tl(NO3)3 		Pb(NO3)2 Bi(NO3)3
BiO(NO3) 		Po(NO3)4 AtRn
FrNO3 Ra(NO3)2  RfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
↓
La(NO3)3 Ce(NO3)3
Ce(NO3)4 		Pr(NO3)3 Nd(NO3)3 Pm(NO3)3 Sm(NO3)3 Eu(NO3)3 Gd(NO3)3 Tb(NO3)3 Dy(NO3)3 Ho(NO3)3 Er(NO3)3 Tm(NO3)3 Yb(NO3)3 Lu(NO3)3
Ac(NO3)3 Th(NO3)4 PaO2(NO3)3 UO2(NO3)2 Np(NO3)4 Pu(NO3)4 Am(NO3)3 Cm(NO3)3 Bk(NO3)3 CfEsFmMdNoLr
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