Barium nitrate

Barium nitrate

barium nitrate
Names
Other names Barium dinitrate, barium salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	10022-31-8  Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:190440
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3184584
ChemSpider	23184  Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.006
EC Number	233-020-5
PubChem CID	24798
RTECS number	CQ9625000
UNII	MDC5SW56XC  Y
UN number	1446
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8049200
InChI InChI=1S/Ba.2NO3/c;2*2-1(3)4/q+2;2*-1 Y Key: IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/Ba.2NO2/c;2*2-1(3)4/q+2;2*-1 Key: IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYAA
SMILES [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula	Ba(NO3)2
Molar mass	261.335 g·mol−1
Appearance	white, lustrous crystals
Odor	odorless
Density	3.24 g/cm3
Melting point	592 °C (1,098 °F; 865 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	4.95 g/100mL (0 °C (32 °F; 273 K)) 10.5 g/100mL (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K)) 34.4 g/100mL (100 °C (212 °F; 373 K)) [ citation needed ]
Solubility	slightly soluble in acetone, and ethanol [1]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−66.5×10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.5659
Structure
Crystal structure	cubic
Hazards
GHS labelling:[ citation needed ]
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H272, H301, H302, H319, H332
Precautionary statements	P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P337+P313, P370+P378, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	[ citation needed ] 3 0 3
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	355 mg/kg (oral, rat)[ citation needed ] 187 mg/kg (oral, rat, as barium) [2]
LDLo (lowest published)	79 mg/kg (rabbit, oral, as barium) 421 mg/kg (dog, oral, as barium) [2]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): [3]
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)	50 mg/m3
Supplementary data page
Barium nitrate (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N  verify  (what is  YN ?) Infobox references

Barium nitrate is the inorganic compound of barium with the nitrate anion, having the chemical formula Ba(NO₃)₂. It, like most barium salts, is colorless, toxic, and water-soluble. It burns with a green flame and is an oxidizer; the compound is commonly used in pyrotechnics. ^[4]

Manufacture, occurrence, and reactions

Barium nitrate is manufactured by two processes that start with the main source material for barium, the carbonate. The first involves dissolving barium carbonate in nitric acid, allowing any iron impurities to precipitate, then filtered, evaporated, and crystallized. The second requires combining barium sulfide with nitric acid. ^[4]

It occurs naturally as the very rare mineral nitrobarite. ^{[5] [6]}

At elevated temperatures, barium nitrate decomposes to barium oxide:^{[ citation needed ]}

2 Ba(NO₃)₂ → 2 BaO + 4 NO₂ + O₂

Applications

Barium nitrate is used in the production of BaO-containing materials. It is also used in the vacuum tube industry.^{[ citation needed ]}

Military

Although no longer produced, Baratol is an explosive composed of barium nitrate, TNT and binder; the high density of barium nitrate results in baratol being quite dense as well. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminium powder, a formula for flash powder, is highly explosive. It is mixed with thermite to form Thermate-TH3, used in military thermite grenades. Barium nitrate was also a primary ingredient in the "SR 365" incendiary charge used by the British in the De Wilde incendiary ammunition with which they armed their interceptor fighters, such as the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire, during the Battle of Britain. ^[7]

Safety

Like all soluble barium compounds, barium nitrate is toxic by ingestion or inhalation. ^[8]

Solutions of sulfate salts such as Epsom salts or sodium sulfate may be given as first aid for barium poisoning, as they precipitate the barium as the insoluble (and non-toxic) barium sulfate.

Inhalation may also cause irritation to the respiratory tract.

While skin or eye contact is less harmful than ingestion or inhalation, it can still result in irritation, itching, redness, and pain.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have set occupational exposure limits at 0.5 mg/m³ over an eight-hour time-weighted average. ^[3]

References

1. John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–41. ISBN   978-1138561632.
2. "Barium (soluble compounds, as Ba)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
3. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0046". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
4. Kresse, Robert; Baudis, Ulrich; Jäger, Paul; Riechers, H. Hermann; Wagner, Heinz; Winkler, Jocher; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2007). "Barium and Barium Compounds". In Ullman, Franz (ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_325.pub2. ISBN   978-3527306732.
5. "Nitrobarite". www.mindat.org. Mindat.
6. "List of Minerals". 21 March 2011.
7. Williams, Anthony G; Emmanuel Gustin (2004). "THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN: ARMAMENT OF THE COMPETING FIGHTERS". Flying Guns: World War 2. Crowood Press. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2012. The B. Mk VI 'De Wilde' incendiary (named after the original Belgian inventor but in fact completely redesigned by Major Dixon), which contained 0.5 grams of SR 365 (a composition including barium nitrate which ignited on impact with the target) was twice as effective as these, scoring one in five.
8. Barium Nitrate