Barium bromide

Last updated
Barium bromide
Barium-bromide-xtal-packing-3x3x3-3D-sf.png
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.024 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 234-140-0
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Ba.2BrH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 Yes check.svgY
    Key: NKQIMNKPSDEDMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/Ba.2BrH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
    Key: NKQIMNKPSDEDMO-NUQVWONBAE
  • Br[Ba]Br
  • [Ba+2].[Br-].[Br-]
Properties
Ba Br 2 (anhydrous)

BaBr2·2H2O (dihydrate)

Molar mass 297.14 g/mol
AppearanceWhite solid
Density 4.78 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
3.58 g/cm3 (dihydrate)
Melting point 857 °C (1,575 °F; 1,130 K)
Boiling point 1,835 °C (3,335 °F; 2,108 K)
92.2 g/100 mL (0°C)
-92.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
PbCl2-type (orthorhombic, oP12)
Pnma (No. 62)
Thermochemistry
181.1 kcal/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Toxic
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Warning
H302, H332
P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P330, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
0
0
Safety data sheet (SDS) NIH BaBr
Related compounds
Other anions
Barium fluoride
Barium chloride
Barium iodide
Other cations
Beryllium bromide
Magnesium bromide
Calcium bromide
Strontium bromide
Radium bromide
Lead bromide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Barium bromide is the chemical compound with the formula BaBr2. It is ionic and hygroscopic in nature.

Contents

Structure and properties

BaBr2 crystallizes in the lead chloride (cotunnite) motif, giving white orthorhombic crystals that are deliquescent. [1] [2]

Coordination geometry of ions in barium bromide [1] [3] [4]
IonBa2+Br (tetrahedral)Br (trigonal)
Coordination sphere {BaBr9}{BrBa4}{BrBa3}
Ball-and-stick model Barium-bromide-xtal-Ba-coordination-3D-bs-17.png Barium-bromide-xtal-Br1-coordination-3D-bs-17.png Barium-bromide-xtal-Br2-coordination-3D-bs-17.png
Coordination number 943
Coordination geometry (7+2) coordination [5]
distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic
distorted tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal

In aqueous solution BaBr2 behaves as a simple salt.

Solutions of barium bromide reacts with the sulfate salts to produce a solid precipitate of barium sulfate.

BaBr2 + SO2−
4
→ BaSO4 + 2 Br

Similar reactions occur with oxalic acid, hydrofluoric acid, and phosphoric acid, giving solid precipitates of barium oxalate, fluoride, and phosphate, respectively.

Preparation

Barium bromide can be prepared by treating barium sulfide or barium carbonate with hydrobromic acid:

BaS + 2 HBr → BaBr2 + H2S
BaCO3 + 2 HBr → BaBr2 + CO2 + H2O

Barium bromide crystallizes from concentrated aqueous solution in its dihydrate, BaBr2·2H2O. Heating this dihydrate to 120 °C gives the anhydrous salt. [6]

Uses

Barium bromide is a precursor to chemicals used in photography and to other bromides.
Historically, barium bromide was used to purify radium in a process of fractional crystallization devised by Marie Curie. Since radium precipitates preferentially in a solution of barium bromide, the ratio of radium to barium in the precipitate would be higher than the ratio in the solution. [7]

Safety

Barium bromide, along with other water-soluble barium salts (e.g. barium chloride), is toxic. However, there is no conclusive data available on its hazards. [8]

The compound appears in the intro title card of Breaking Bad, where the first pairs of letters are replaced with Br35 and Ba56, the symbols and atomic numbers of bromine and barium respectively.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Radium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula RaCl2. It is a radium salt of hydrogen chloride. It was the first radium compound isolated in a pure state. Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne used it in their original separation of radium from barium. The first preparation of radium metal was by the electrolysis of a solution of this salt using a mercury cathode.

An iodide ion is the ion I. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. In everyday life, iodide is most commonly encountered as a component of iodized salt, which many governments mandate. Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barium carbonate</span> Chemical compound

Barium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula BaCO3. Like most alkaline earth metal carbonates, it is a white salt that is poorly soluble in water. It occurs as the mineral known as witherite. In a commercial sense, it is one of the most important barium compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Barium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula BaCl2. It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium. Like most other water-soluble barium salts, it is a white powder, highly toxic, and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic, converting to the dihydrate BaCl2·2H2O, which are colourless crystals with a bitter salty taste. It has limited use in the laboratory and industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chloric acid</span> Chemical compound

Chloric acid, HClO3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid (pKa ≈ −2.7) and an oxidizing agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrogen bromide</span> Chemical compound

Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula HBr. It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine. A colorless gas, it dissolves in water, forming hydrobromic acid, which is saturated at 68.85% HBr by weight at room temperature. Aqueous solutions that are 47.6% HBr by mass form a constant-boiling azeotrope mixture that boils at 124.3 °C (255.7 °F). Boiling less concentrated solutions releases H2O until the constant-boiling mixture composition is reached.

In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strontium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Strontium chloride (SrCl2) is a salt of strontium and chloride. It is a 'typical' salt, forming neutral aqueous solutions. As with all compounds of strontium, this salt emits a bright red colour in flame, and is commonly used in fireworks to that effect. Its properties are intermediate between those for barium chloride, which is more toxic, and calcium chloride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrazoic acid</span> Unstable and toxic chemical compound

Hydrazoic acid, also known as hydrogen azide, azic acid or azoimide, is a compound with the chemical formula HN3. It is a colorless, volatile, and explosive liquid at room temperature and pressure. It is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, and is therefore a pnictogen hydride. The oxidation state of the nitrogen atoms in hydrazoic acid is fractional and is -1/3. It was first isolated in 1890 by Theodor Curtius. The acid has few applications, but its conjugate base, the azide ion, is useful in specialized processes.

Selenic acid is the inorganic compound with the formula H2SeO4. It is an oxoacid of selenium, and its structure is more accurately described as O2Se(OH)2. It is a colorless compound. Although it has few uses, one of its salts, sodium selenate is used in the production of glass and animal feeds.

Hypophosphorous acid (HPA), or phosphinic acid, is a phosphorus oxyacid and a powerful reducing agent with molecular formula H3PO2. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane and alcohols. The formula for this acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2, which highlights its monoprotic character. Salts derived from this acid are called hypophosphites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zinc bromide</span> Chemical compound

Zinc bromide (ZnBr2) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ZnBr2. It is a colourless salt that shares many properties with zinc chloride (ZnCl2), namely a high solubility in water forming acidic solutions, and good solubility in organic solvents. It is hygroscopic and forms a dihydrate ZnBr2·2H2O.

Tin(II) bromide is a chemical compound of tin and bromine with a chemical formula of SnBr2. Tin is in the +2 oxidation state. The stability of tin compounds in this oxidation state is attributed to the inert pair effect.

Bromine compounds are compounds containing the element bromine (Br). These compounds usually form the -1, +1, +3 and +5 oxidation states. Bromine is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine, and is one of the most reactive elements. Bond energies to bromine tend to be lower than those to chlorine but higher than those to iodine, and bromine is a weaker oxidising agent than chlorine but a stronger one than iodine. This can be seen from the standard electrode potentials of the X2/X couples (F, +2.866 V; Cl, +1.395 V; Br, +1.087 V; I, +0.615 V; At, approximately +0.3 V). Bromination often leads to higher oxidation states than iodination but lower or equal oxidation states to chlorination. Bromine tends to react with compounds including M–M, M–H, or M–C bonds to form M–Br bonds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radium bromide</span> Chemical compound

Radium bromide is the bromide salt of radium, with the formula RaBr2. It is produced during the process of separating radium from uranium ore. This inorganic compound was discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie in 1898, and the discovery sparked a huge interest in radiochemistry and radiotherapy. Since elemental radium oxidizes readily in air and water, radium salts are the preferred chemical form of radium to work with. Even though it is more stable than elemental radium, radium bromide is still extremely toxic, and can explode under certain conditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lead(II) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Lead(II) bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula PbBr2. It is a white powder. It is produced in the burning of typical leaded gasolines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dithionic acid</span> Chemical compound

Dithionic acid, H2S2O6, is the inorganic compound with the formula H2S2O6. It is the doubly protonated derivative of dithionate, a well-characterized dianion. Dithionic acid is mainly observed and characterized as an aqueous solution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bismuth tribromide</span> Chemical compound

Bismuth tribromide is an inorganic compound of bismuth and bromine with the chemical formula BiBr3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhodium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Rhodium(III) bromide refers to inorganic compounds of the formula RhBr3(H2O)n where n = 0 or approximately three. Both forms are brown solids. The hydrate is soluble in water and lower alcohols. It is used to prepare rhodium bromide complexes. Rhodium bromides are similar to the chlorides, but have attracted little academic or commercial attention.

Radium compounds are compounds containing the element radium (Ra). Due to radium's radioactivity, not many compounds have been well characterized. Solid radium compounds are white as radium ions provide no specific coloring, but they gradually turn yellow and then dark over time due to self-radiolysis from radium's alpha decay. Insoluble radium compounds coprecipitate with all barium, most strontium, and most lead compounds.

References

  1. 1 2 Brackett, Elizabeth B.; Brackett, Thomas E.; Sass, Ronald L. (1963). "The Crystal Structures of Barium Chloride, Barium Bromide, and Barium Iodide". J. Phys. Chem. 67 (10): 2132–2135. doi:10.1021/j100804a038.
  2. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 117–119. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
  3. "Information card for entry 1527183". Crystallography Open Database . 1963. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  4. "ICSD 15706 : ICSD Structure : Ba Br2". Cambridge Structural Database: Access Structures. Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre . Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  5. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 382. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
  6. Patnaik, Pradyot (2003), Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds, McGraw-Hill Professional, pp. 81–82, ISBN   978-0-07-049439-8 , retrieved 2007-12-03
  7. Sime, Ruth Lewin (1996), Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics, University of California Press, p. 233, ISBN   978-0-520-20860-5 , retrieved 2007-12-03
  8. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=US&language=en&productNumber=413607&brand=ALDRICH |