Barium chlorate

Last updated
Barium chlorate
Barium chlorate.svg
Bariumchloratepowder.jpg
Names
IUPAC name
Barium dichlorate
Other names
Chloric acid, barium salt
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.404 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 236-760-7
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • FN9770000
UNII
UN number 1445
  • InChI=1S/Ba.2ClHO3/c;2*2-1(3)4/h;2*(H,2,3,4)/q+2;;/p-2 Yes check.svgY
    Key: ISFLYIRWQDJPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/Ba.2ClHO3/c;2*2-1(3)4/h;2*(H,2,3,4)/q+2;;/p-2
    Key: ISFLYIRWQDJPDR-NUQVWONBAT
  • [Ba+2].[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O
Properties
Ba(ClO3)2
Molar mass 304.23 g/mol
Appearancewhite solid
Density 3.18 g/cm3, solid
Melting point 413.9 °C (777.0 °F; 687.0 K) (decomposes)
27.5 g/100 ml (20 °C)
-87.5·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards [1]
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Danger
H271, H302, H332, H411
P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P283, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P306+P360, P312, P330, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P391, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
3
0
3
OX
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
500.1 mg/kg
(4h) 1.5 mg/l - dust/mist
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
0.5 mg/m3 (Vacated)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
50 mg/m3
Safety data sheet (SDS) Barium Chlorate MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yes check.svgY  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Barium chlorate, Ba(ClO3)2, is the barium salt of chloric acid. It is a white crystalline solid, and like all soluble barium compounds, irritant and toxic. It is sometimes used in pyrotechnics to produce a green color. It also finds use in the production of chloric acid.

Contents

Reactions

Synthesis

Barium chlorate can be produced through a double replacement reaction between solutions of barium chloride and sodium chlorate:

BaCl2 + 2 NaClO3 → Ba(ClO3)2 + 2 NaCl

On concentrating and chilling the resulting mixture, barium chlorate precipitates. This is perhaps the most common preparation, exploiting the lower solubility of barium chlorate compared to sodium chlorate.[ citation needed ]

The above method does result in some sodium contamination, which is undesirable for pyrotechnic purposes, where the strong yellow of sodium can easily overpower the green of barium. Sodium-free barium chlorate can be produced directly through electrolysis: [2] [ unreliable source? ]

BaCl2 + 6 H2O → Ba(ClO3)2 + 6 H2

It can also be produced by the reaction of barium carbonate with boiling ammonium chlorate solution: [3]

2 NH4ClO3 + BaCO3 → Ba(ClO3)2 + 2 NH3 + H2O + CO2

The reaction initially produces barium chlorate and ammonium carbonate; boiling the solution decomposes the ammonium carbonate and drives off the resulting ammonia and carbon dioxide, leaving only barium chlorate in solution.

The green seen in this firework is produced by barium chlorate and barium nitrate FireworkatDisneyWorld.png
The green seen in this firework is produced by barium chlorate and barium nitrate

Decomposition

When exposed to heat, barium chlorate alone will decompose to barium chloride and oxygen:

Ba(ClO3)2 → BaCl2 + 3 O2

Chloric acid

Barium chlorate is sometimes used to produce chloric acid. [3] :312–313

Commercial uses

Barium chlorate, when burned with a fuel, produces a vibrant green light. Because it is an oxidizer, a chlorine donor, and contains a metal, this compound produces a green color that is unparalleled.[ citation needed ] However, due to the instability of all chlorates to sulfur, acids, and ammonium ions, chlorates have been banned from use in class C fireworks in the United States. Therefore, more and more firework producers have begun to use more stable compound such as barium nitrate and barium carbonate. [4]

Environmental Hazard

Barium chlorate is toxic to humans and can also harm the environment. It is very harmful to aquatic organisms if it is leached into bodies of water. Chemical spills of this compound, although not common, can harm entire ecosystems and should be prevented. [5] It is necessary to dispose of this compound as hazardous waste. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lists barium chlorate as hazardous. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlorine</span> Chemical element with atomic number 17 (Cl)

Chlorine is a chemical element; it has symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity on the revised Pauling scale, behind only oxygen and fluorine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium hypochlorite</span> Chemical compound (known in solution as bleach)

Sodium hypochlorite is an alkaline inorganic chemical compound with the formula NaOCl. It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach. It is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, consisting of sodium cations and hypochlorite anions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium chlorate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium chlorate is the inorganic compound with the molecular formula KClO3. In its pure form, it is a white solid. After sodium chlorate, it is the second most common chlorate in industrial use. It is a strong oxidizing agent and its most important application is in safety matches. In other applications it is mostly obsolete and has been replaced by safer alternatives in recent decades. It has been used

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlorate</span> Anion and term for chemical compounds containing it

Chlorate is the common name of the ClO
3
anion, whose chlorine atom is in the +5 oxidation state. The term can also refer to chemical compounds containing this anion, with chlorates being the salts of chloric acid. Other oxyanions of chlorine can be named "chlorate" followed by a Roman numeral in parentheses denoting the oxidation state of chlorine: e.g., the ClO
4
ion commonly called perchlorate can also be called chlorate(VII).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barium hydroxide</span> Chemical compound

Barium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ba(OH)2. The monohydrate (x = 1), known as baryta or baryta-water, is one of the principal compounds of barium. This white granular monohydrate is the usual commercial form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypochlorite</span> Anion

In chemistry, hypochlorite, or chloroxide is an anion with the chemical formula ClO. It combines with a number of cations to form hypochlorite salts. Common examples include sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite. The Cl-O distance in ClO is 1.69 Å.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Barium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula BaCl2. It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium. Like most other water-soluble barium salts, it is a white powder, highly toxic, and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic, converting to the dihydrate BaCl2·2H2O, which are colourless crystals with a bitter salty taste. It has limited use in the laboratory and industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chloric acid</span> Chemical compound

Chloric acid, HClO3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid (pKa ≈ −2.7) and an oxidizing agent.

Classical qualitative inorganic analysis is a method of analytical chemistry which seeks to find the elemental composition of inorganic compounds. It is mainly focused on detecting ions in an aqueous solution, therefore materials in other forms may need to be brought to this state before using standard methods. The solution is then treated with various reagents to test for reactions characteristic of certain ions, which may cause color change, precipitation and other visible changes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium chlorate</span> Chemical compound

Sodium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaClO3. It is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. It is hygroscopic. It decomposes above 300 °C to release oxygen and leaves sodium chloride. Several hundred million tons are produced annually, mainly for applications in bleaching pulp to produce high brightness paper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium perchlorate</span> Chemical compound

Sodium perchlorate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaClO4. It consists of sodium cations Na+ and perchlorate anions ClO−4. It is a white crystalline, hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and ethanol. It is usually encountered as sodium perchlorate monohydrate NaClO4·H2O. The compound is noteworthy as the most water-soluble of the common perchlorate salts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonium chlorate</span> Chemical compound

Ammonium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4ClO3.

A salt metathesis reaction is a chemical process involving the exchange of bonds between two reacting chemical species which results in the creation of products with similar or identical bonding affiliations. This reaction is represented by the general scheme:

Magnesium compounds are compounds formed by the element magnesium (Mg). These compounds are important to industry and biology, including magnesium carbonate, magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

A pyrotechnic composition is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas/smoke or a combination of these, as a result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions. Pyrotechnic substances do not rely on oxygen from external sources to sustain the reaction.

Calcium chlorate is the calcium salt of chloric acid, with the chemical formula Ca(ClO3)2. Like other chlorates, it is a strong oxidizer.

Barium perchlorate is a powerful oxidizing agent, with the formula Ba(ClO4)2. It is used in the pyrotechnic industry.

Copper(II) chlorate is a chemical compound of the transition metal copper and the chlorate anion with basic formula Cu(ClO3)2. Copper chlorate is an oxidiser. It commonly forms the tetrahydrate, Cu(ClO3)2·4H2O.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver hypochlorite</span> Chemical compound

Silver hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgOCl. It is an ionic compound of silver and the polyatomic ion hypochlorite. The compound is very unstable and rapidly decomposes. It is the silver(I) salt of hypochlorous acid. The salt consists of silver(I) cations and hypochlorite anions.

References

  1. Sigma-Aldrich Co., Barium chlorate. Retrieved on 6 December 2024.
  2. Perigrin, Tom. "Barium Chlorate". GeoCities. Archived from the original on 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  3. 1 2 Brauer, Georg; Schmeisser, M. (1963). "5. Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine". In Riley, Reed F. (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). New York, London: Academic Press. pp. 314–315. ISBN   9780121266011 . Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  4. Wilson, Elizabeth (July 2, 2001). "What's That Stuff? Fireworks". Chemical & Engineering News . 79 (27): 30.
  5. "Barium Chlorate". inchem.org.
  6. "Barium Chlorate" (PDF). Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet. New Jersey Department of Health and Human Services.