Nitrosyl fluoride

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Nitrosyl fluoride
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Names
IUPAC name
Nitrosyl fluoride[ citation needed ]
Other names
Nitrogen oxyfluoride[ citation needed ]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
AbbreviationsNOF[ citation needed ]
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.230 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 232-153-6
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/FNO/c1-2-3 Yes check.svgY
    Key: ZEIYBPGWHWECHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • FN=O
Properties
NOF
Molar mass 49.0045 g mol−1
AppearanceColourless gas
Density 2.657 mg mL−1(gas) 1.326 g/cm3(liquid)
Melting point −166 °C (−267 °F; 107 K)
Boiling point −72.4 °C (−98.3 °F; 200.8 K)
Reacts
Related compounds
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nitrosyl fluoride ( N O F ) is a covalently bonded nitrosyl compound.

Contents

Physical properties

The compound is a colorless gas, with bent molecular shape. [1] The VSEPR model explains this geometry via a lone-pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

Chemistry

Nitrosyl fluoride is typically produced by direct reaction of nitric oxide and fluorine, although halogenation with a perfluorinated metal salt is also possible. The compound is a highly reactive fluorinating agent that converts many metals to their fluorides, releasing nitric oxide in the process:

n NOF + M → MFn + n NO

For this reason, aqueous NOF solutions are, like aqua regia, powerful solvents for metals. [1]

Absent an oxidizable metal, NOF reacts with water to form nitrous acid, which then disproportionates to nitric acid:

NOF + H2O → HNO2 + HF
3 HNO2 → HNO3 + 2 NO + H2O

These reactions occur in both acidic and basic solutions. [1]

Nitrosyl fluoride also forms salt-like adducts with Lewis-acidic fluorides; for example, BF3 reacts to give NOBF4. Similarly, the compound nitrosylates compounds with a free proton; thus alcohols convert to nitrites: [1]

ROH + NOF → RONO + HF

Uses

Nitrosyl fluoride is used as a solvent and as a fluorinating and nitrating agent in organic synthesis.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrogen</span> Chemical element with atomic number 7 (N)

Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bond to form N2, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas. N2 forms about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant chemical species in air. Because of the volatility of nitrogen compounds, nitrogen is relatively rare in the solid parts of the Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitric acid</span> Highly corrosive mineral acid

Nitric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula HNO3. It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. The compound is colorless, but samples tend to acquire a yellow cast over time due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. When the solution contains more than 86% HNO3, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86%, or white fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 95%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aqua regia</span> Mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in a 1:3 molar ratio

Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. Aqua regia is a fuming liquid. Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, but it turns yellow, orange or red within seconds from the formation of nitrosyl chloride and nitrogen dioxide. It was so named by alchemists because it can dissolve noble metals like gold and platinum, though not all metals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitric oxide</span> Colorless gas with the formula NO

Nitric oxide is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula. Nitric oxide is also a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, a class of molecules whose study spawned early modern theories of chemical bonding.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrous acid</span> Chemical compound

Nitrous acid is a weak and monoprotic acid known only in solution, in the gas phase, and in the form of nitrite salts. It was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who called it "phlogisticated acid of niter". Nitrous acid is used to make diazonium salts from amines. The resulting diazonium salts are reagents in azo coupling reactions to give azo dyes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caesium fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Caesium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CsF. A hygroscopic white salt, caesium fluoride is used in the synthesis of organic compounds as a source of the fluoride anion. The compound is noteworthy from the pedagogical perspective as caesium also has the highest electropositivity of all commonly available elements and fluorine has the highest electronegativity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrazoic acid</span> Unstable and toxic chemical compound

Hydrazoic acid, also known as hydrogen azide, azic acid or azoimide, is a compound with the chemical formula HN3. It is a colorless, volatile, and explosive liquid at room temperature and pressure. It is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, and is therefore a pnictogen hydride. The oxidation state of the nitrogen atoms in hydrazoic acid is fractional and is -1/3. It was first isolated in 1890 by Theodor Curtius. The acid has few applications, but its conjugate base, the azide ion, is useful in specialized processes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfamic acid</span> Chemical compound

Sulfamic acid, also known as amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid, sulphamic acid and sulfamidic acid, is a molecular compound with the formula H3NSO3. This colourless, water-soluble compound finds many applications. Sulfamic acid melts at 205 °C before decomposing at higher temperatures to water, sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bromine pentafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Bromine pentafluoride, BrF5, is an interhalogen compound and a fluoride of bromine. It is a strong fluorinating agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrF3. It forms several hydrates. The compound CrF3 is a green crystalline solid that is insoluble in common solvents, but the hydrates [Cr(H2O)6]F3 (violet) and [Cr(H2O)6]F3·3H2O (green) are soluble in water. The anhydrous form sublimes at 1100–1200 °C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Silver(II) fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula AgF2. It is a rare example of a silver(II) compound - silver usually exists in its +1 oxidation state. It is used as a fluorinating agent.

The chemical element nitrogen is one of the most abundant elements in the universe and can form many compounds. It can take several oxidation states; but the most common oxidation states are -3 and +3. Nitrogen can form nitride and nitrate ions. It also forms a part of nitric acid and nitrate salts. Nitrogen compounds also have an important role in organic chemistry, as nitrogen is part of proteins, amino acids and adenosine triphosphate.

Bromine compounds are compounds containing the element bromine (Br). These compounds usually form the -1, +1, +3 and +5 oxidation states. Bromine is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine, and is one of the most reactive elements. Bond energies to bromine tend to be lower than those to chlorine but higher than those to iodine, and bromine is a weaker oxidising agent than chlorine but a stronger one than iodine. This can be seen from the standard electrode potentials of the X2/X couples (F, +2.866 V; Cl, +1.395 V; Br, +1.087 V; I, +0.615 V; At, approximately +0.3 V). Bromination often leads to higher oxidation states than iodination but lower or equal oxidation states to chlorination. Bromine tends to react with compounds including M–M, M–H, or M–C bonds to form M–Br bonds.

Iodine compounds are compounds containing the element iodine. Iodine can form compounds using multiple oxidation states. Iodine is quite reactive, but it is much less reactive than the other halogens. For example, while chlorine gas will halogenate carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and sulfur dioxide, iodine will not do so. Furthermore, iodination of metals tends to result in lower oxidation states than chlorination or bromination; for example, rhenium metal reacts with chlorine to form rhenium hexachloride, but with bromine it forms only rhenium pentabromide and iodine can achieve only rhenium tetraiodide. By the same token, however, since iodine has the lowest ionisation energy among the halogens and is the most easily oxidised of them, it has a more significant cationic chemistry and its higher oxidation states are rather more stable than those of bromine and chlorine, for example in iodine heptafluoride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrosyl chloride</span> Chemical compound

Nitrosyl chloride is the chemical compound with the formula NOCl. It is a yellow gas that is commonly encountered as a component of aqua regia, a mixture of 3 parts concentrated hydrochloric acid and 1 part of concentrated nitric acid. It is a strong electrophile and oxidizing agent. It is sometimes called Tilden's reagent, after William A. Tilden, who was the first to produce it as a pure compound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromyl fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chromyl fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO2F2. It is a violet-red colored crystalline solid that melts to an orange-red liquid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanadium pentafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Vanadium(V) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula VF5. It is a colorless volatile liquid that freezes near room temperature. It is a highly reactive compound, as indicated by its ability to fluorinate organic substances.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lead compounds</span> Type of compound

Compounds of lead exist with lead in two main oxidation states: +2 and +4. The former is more common. Inorganic lead(IV) compounds are typically strong oxidants or exist only in highly acidic solutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trifluoramine oxide</span> Chemical compound

Trifluoramine oxide or Nitrogen trifluoride oxide (F3NO) is an inorganic molecule with strong fluorinating powers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrosyl perchlorate</span> Chemical compound

Nitrosyl perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the formula NO(ClO4). A hygroscopic white solid, it is the salt of the nitrosonium cation with the perchlorate anion. It is an oxidant and strong electrophile, but has fallen out of use with the availability of the closely related salt nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate NO(BF4).

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. p. 507. ISBN   978-0-08-022057-4.