Gold heptafluoride

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Gold heptafluoride
Gold heptafluoride AuF5-F2.png
Gold heptafluoride
AuF5-F2-calculated-B3LYP-2007-3D-balls.png
Names
IUPAC name
Difluorinegold(V) fluoride
Other names
Gold heptafluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
  • InChI=1S/Au.F2.5FH/c;1-2;;;;;/h;;5*1H/q+5;;;;;;/p-5
    Key: IIWIEJHPIFUIKA-UHFFFAOYSA-I
  • F[Au](F)(F)(F)F.FF
Properties
AuF7
Molar mass 322.956 g/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Corrosive, toxic
Related compounds
Other cations
ReF7, IF7
Related compounds
AuF3, AuF5
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Gold heptafluoride is a gold(V) compound with the empirical formula AuF7. The synthesis of this compound from gold pentafluoride and a monatomic fluorine plasma was first reported in 1986. [1] However, current calculations suggest that the structure of the synthesized molecule was actually a difluorine ligand on a gold pentafluoride core, AuF5·F2. That would make it the first difluorine complex and the first compound containing a fluorine atom with an oxidation state of zero. The gold(V)–difluorine complex is calculated to be 205  kJ/mol more stable than "true" gold(VII) fluoride. The vibrational frequency at 734 cm−1 is the hallmark of the end-on coordinated difluorine molecule. [2]

Related Research Articles

In chemistry, an interhalogen compound is a molecule which contains two or more different halogen atoms and no atoms of elements from any other group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlorine pentafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chlorine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with formula ClF5. This colourless gas is a strong oxidant that was once a candidate oxidizer for rockets. The molecule adopts a square pyramidal structure with C4v symmetry, as confirmed by its high-resolution 19F NMR spectrum. It was first synthesized in 1963.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bromine pentafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Bromine pentafluoride, BrF5, is an interhalogen compound and a fluoride of bromine. It is a strong fluorinating agent.

Iodine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with chemical formula IF5. It is one of the fluorides of iodine. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples appear yellow. It is used as a fluorination reagent and even a solvent in specialized syntheses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iodine heptafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Iodine heptafluoride is an interhalogen compound with the chemical formula IF7. It has an unusual pentagonal bipyramidal structure, with D5h symmetry, as predicted by VSEPR theory. The molecule can undergo a pseudorotational rearrangement called the Bartell mechanism, which is like the Berry mechanism but for a heptacoordinated system.

Antimony pentafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula SbF5. This colourless, viscous liquid is a strong Lewis acid and a component of the superacid fluoroantimonic acid, formed upon mixing liquid HF with liquid SbF5 in 1:1 ratio. It is notable for its strong Lewis acidity and the ability to react with almost all known compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selenium tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Selenium tetrafluoride (SeF4) is an inorganic compound. It is a colourless liquid that reacts readily with water. It can be used as a fluorinating reagent in organic syntheses (fluorination of alcohols, carboxylic acids or carbonyl compounds) and has advantages over sulfur tetrafluoride in that milder conditions can be employed and it is a liquid rather than a gas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gold(V) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Gold(V) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula Au2F10. This fluoride compound features gold in its highest known oxidation state. This red solid dissolves in hydrogen fluoride but these solutions decompose, liberating fluorine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dioxygenyl</span> Chemical compound

The dioxygenyl ion, O+
2
, is a rarely-encountered oxycation in which both oxygen atoms have a formal oxidation state of +1/2. It is formally derived from oxygen by the removal of an electron:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manganese(IV) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Manganese tetrafluoride, MnF4, is the highest fluoride of manganese. It is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used as a means of purifying elemental fluorine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhenium heptafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Rhenium heptafluoride is the compound with the formula ReF7. It is a yellow low melting solid and is the only thermally stable metal heptafluoride. It has a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal structure similar to IF7, which was confirmed by neutron diffraction at 1.5 K. The structure is non-rigid, as evidenced by electron diffraction studies.

Arsenic pentafluoride is a chemical compound of arsenic and fluorine. It is a toxic, colorless gas. The oxidation state of arsenic is +5.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niobium(V) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Niobium(V) fluoride, also known as niobium pentafluoride, is the inorganic compound with the formula NbF5. It is a colorless solid.

Gold fluoride may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bromine monofluoride</span> Chemical compound

Bromine monofluoride is a quite unstable interhalogen compound with the chemical formula BrF. It can be produced through the reaction of bromine trifluoride (or bromine pentafluoride) and bromine. Due to its lability, the compound can be detected but not isolated:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heptafluoride</span>

Heptafluoride typically refers to compounds with the formula RnMxF7y− or RnMxF7y+, where n, x, and y are independent variables and R any substituent.

Fluorine forms a great variety of chemical compounds, within which it always adopts an oxidation state of −1. With other atoms, fluorine forms either polar covalent bonds or ionic bonds. Most frequently, covalent bonds involving fluorine atoms are single bonds, although at least two examples of a higher order bond exist. Fluoride may act as a bridging ligand between two metals in some complex molecules. Molecules containing fluorine may also exhibit hydrogen bonding. Fluorine's chemistry includes inorganic compounds formed with hydrogen, metals, nonmetals, and even noble gases; as well as a diverse set of organic compounds. For many elements the highest known oxidation state can be achieved in a fluoride. For some elements this is achieved exclusively in a fluoride, for others exclusively in an oxide; and for still others the highest oxidation states of oxides and fluorides are always equal.

A difluorine complex is a molecular complex involving a difluorine molecule (F2) and another molecule. The first example was gold heptafluoride (AuF7). Instead of being a gold(VII) compound, AuF7 is an adduct of gold pentafluoride (AuF5) and F2. This conclusion has been repeatedly supported by calculations. Unlike dihydrogen complexes, which feature η2-H2, difluorine complexes feature "end-on" or η1-F2 ligand.

A hypothetical chemical compound is a chemical compound that has been conceived of, but is not known to have been synthesized, observed, or isolated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protactinium(V) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Protactinium(V) fluoride is a fluoride of protactinium with the chemical formula PaF5.

References

  1. Timakov, A. A.; Prusakov, V. N.; Drobyshevskii, Y. V. (1986). "Gold heptafluoride" (PDF). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 291: 125–128. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  2. Himmel, Daniel; Riedel, Sebastian (2007-05-31). "After 20 Years, Theoretical Evidence That "AuF7" Is Actually AuF5·F2". Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (13): 5338–5342. doi:10.1021/ic700431s. PMID   17511450.