Lehigh, Iowa

Lehigh, Iowa
City
Location of Lehigh, Iowa
Coordinates: 42°21′26″N94°3′5″W / 42.35722°N 94.05139°W / 42.35722; -94.05139
Country	United States
State	Iowa
County	Webster
Area [1]
• Total	2.17 sq mi (5.63 km2)
• Land	2.11 sq mi (5.47 km2)
• Water	0.06 sq mi (0.16 km2)
Elevation	965 ft (294 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	395
• Density	187.12/sq mi (72.25/km2)
Time zone	UTC-6 (Central (CST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code	50557
Area code	515
FIPS code	19-44265
GNIS feature ID	0458277

Lehigh is a city in Webster County, Iowa, United States. The population was 395 at the time of the 2020 census. ^[2]

Located in a valley, Lehigh is divided in two by the Des Moines River, unusual for such a small town. Originally the two halves of Lehigh were two separate towns. While the town on the west side of the River was always called Lehigh, the east town was called Slabtown, and a piece of history marks the east side's roots––a sign that hangs over the playground with the words "Slabtown Traders," perhaps alluding to the flea market which is held there every summer during Lehigh River Days. The "Slabtown Traders" sign was blown over by a gust of wind in the summer of 2010. It survived several floods while being located on River Street. Lehigh was surrounded by coal mines until the early 20th century and home to a large clay sewer pipe factory until the 1980s. Dolliver State Park, Brushy Creek State Recreation Area and Woodman Hollow State Preserve are located within a few miles of the town.

History

Lehigh's first settlers, a Mr. Reed and Mr. Wright, set up a steam sawmill on the site in 1855. Originally, the town was named Slabtown because slabs, scrap from the mill, were used in construction. By 1870, there was a Methodist church and a school, and Oliver Tyson had purchased the mill and expanded it, adding a flour mill. Soon after this, Tyson opened a store. ^[3] The town was later renamed Lehigh, comparing the local coal veins to those of Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley. ^[4]

Map of the Lehigh area from 1908, showing the railroads and coal mines (in red) of the region. Lehigh is in the bottom right quadrant.

In 1871, W. C. Wilson of Webster City opened a coal mine in Lehigh and formed the Crooked Creek Railroad and Coal Company. The company built a 3-foot gauge rail line from Judd, on the Illinois Central Railroad 8.5 miles south to the mines, including a 370-foot wooden truss bridge across the Des Moines River. The line was later extended to Webster City. By 1894, the company had opened 5 mines, all using longwall mining. The Webster Coal and Land Company operated a mine near Lehigh from 1899 to 1902. ^[5]

In 1878, Lehigh shipped 5,640 tons of coal. ^[6] In 1883, 6,887 tons were shipped, ^[7] in 1884, 9,000 tons. ^[8] Membership in the United Mine Workers union is a useful measure of the importance of mining. In 1912, Lehigh was home to UMW Local 855 with 64 members (about 6.9% of the 1910 population). ^[9]

The Crooked Creek railroad was widened to standard gauge in 1880 and a line to Webster City was built in 1886. In 1916, the line was incorporated into the Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Southern Railroad, Iowa's longest Interurban line. Diesel traction replaced overhead electric lines in the 1950s and the track was abandoned in 1962. ^[10]

By 1901, Lehigh was large enough to support a new First National Bank, with an initial capitalization of $25,000. ^[11] The bank must have been small; in 1910, O. J. Woodward arrived in town to become the cashier, manager and director of the bank. ^[12]

The Lehigh Brick and Tile brickyard, circa 1903.

In addition to coal mines, Lehigh was home to several other industries. The most prominent were brickyards that used the shale of the coal measures as a source of clay to make both brick and drain tile, firing their kilns with local coal. One of these, the Lehigh Brick and Tile company, won the contract to provide paving brick for Dubuque, Iowa in 1896, ^[13] but suffered a serious fire in late 1897. ^[14]

In 1901, there were 2 large brickworks in Lehigh, the Corey Pressed Brick Company and the Lehigh Clay Works, which began operation in 1900. In addition, the old Lehigh Brick and Tile works was being rebuilt after the fire. ^[15] Corey was mining clay from both above and below the coal seam. By 1903, Lehigh Brick and Tile was back in production, the Lehigh and the Campbell brickyard of the Webster city Brick and Tile Company. The Cory plant was primarily a brickworks, while the others primarily produced drainage tile. ^[16]

Geography

Lehigh is located at 42°21′26″N94°3′5″W / 42.35722°N 94.05139°W / 42.35722; -94.05139 (42.357332, −94.051283) ^[17] on the west bank of the Des Moines River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.15 square miles (5.57 km²), of which 2.09 square miles (5.41 km²) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km²) is water. ^[18]

Demographics

Historical populations

Year	Pop.	±%
1890	870	—
1900	806	−7.4%
1910	928	+15.1%
1920	1,090	+17.5%
1930	996	−8.6%
1940	1,004	+0.8%
1950	881	−12.3%
1960	846	−4.0%
1970	739	−12.6%
1980	654	−11.5%
1990	536	−18.0%
2000	497	−7.3%
2010	416	−16.3%
2020	395	−5.0%
Iowa Data Center Source: U.S. Decennial Census [19] [2]

2020 census

As of the census of 2020, ^[20] there were 395 people, 188 households, and 113 families residing in the city. The population density was 187.1 inhabitants per square mile (72.2/km²). There were 215 housing units at an average density of 101.9 per square mile (39.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.2% White, 0.0% Black or African American, 0.0% Native American, 0.0% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.0% from other races and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino persons of any race comprised 1.0% of the population.

Of the 188 households, 23.9% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% were cohabitating couples, 18.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present and 29.8% had a male householder with no spouse or partner present. 39.9% of all households were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years old or older.

The median age in the city was 43.9 years. 22.0% of the residents were under the age of 20; 6.3% were between the ages of 20 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 and 44; 27.3% were from 45 and 64; and 22.0% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 56.2% male and 43.8% female.

2010 census

As of the census ^[21] of 2010, there were 416 people, 205 households, and 118 families residing in the city. The population density was 199.0 inhabitants per square mile (76.8/km²). There were 231 housing units at an average density of 110.5 per square mile (42.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.6% White, 0.2% African American, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.2% of the population.

There were 205 households, of which 18.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.4% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.61.

The median age in the city was 49.8 years. 16.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.6% were from 25 to 44; 36% were from 45 to 64; and 21.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.7% male and 48.3% female.

2000 census

As of the census ^[22] of 2000, there were 497 people, 223 households, and 130 families residing in the city. The population density was 239.3 inhabitants per square mile (92.4/km²). There were 247 housing units at an average density of 118.9 per square mile (45.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.19% White, 0.40% African American, 0.20% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.20% of the population.

There were 223 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,227, and the median income for a family was $31,458. Males had a median income of $26,484 versus $24,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,816. About 10.5% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.4% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education

It is in the Southeast Valley Community School District. ^[23] Southeast Valley High School in Gowrie is that district's comprehensive high school.

Lehigh was a part of the Southeast Webster-Grand Community School District, ^[24] established on July 1, 2005, by the merger of the Grand Community School District and the Southeast Webster Community School District. ^[25] In 2023 the Southeast Webster-Grand district merged into the Southeast Valley district. ^[26]

It was previously served by the Southeast Webster Community School District, ^[27] which was formed on July 1, 1991, with the merger of the Central Webster Community School District and the Dayton Community School District. ^[25]

Notable persons

• Hugh Lester, professional soccer player for Liverpool F.C.
• John Donaldson (pitcher) ended his 30+-year professional baseball career in Lehigh (1949).

References

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
2. "2020 Census State Redistricting Data". census.gov. United states Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
3. History Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine , from the Official website of the town of Lehigh, Iowa Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine .
4. Tom Savage, A Dictionary of Iowa Place Names, University of Iowa Press, 2007; p. 130,
5. James H. Lees, History of Coal Mining in Iowa, Chapter III of Annual Report, 1908, Iowa Geological Survey, 1909, p. 583.
6. Report of the Crooked Creek Railway & Coal Company for the Year Ending June 30, 1878, First Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners for the Year Ending June 30, 1878, Clarkson, Des Moines, 1878; pages 377–382.
7. Report of the Crooked Creek Railway Company for the Year Ending June 30, 1883, Sixth Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners for the Year Ending June 30, 1883, Roberts, Des Moines, 1883; pages 335–341.
8. Report of the Crooked Creek Railway Company for the Year Ending June 30, 1884, Seventh Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners for the Year Ending June 30, 1884, Roberts, Des Moines, 1885; p. 319.
9. Tally Sheet, Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Convention of the United Mine Workers of America Jan. 16 – Feb. 2, 1912, Indianapolis; Volume 2, pages 182A.
10. George W. Hilton, American Narrow Gauge Railroads, Stanford University Press, 1990; p. 395.
11. New Banks, Changes in Officers, Etc., The Bankers' Magazine, Vol. LXIII, No. 1, July, 1901; page 116.
12. History of Fort Dodge and Webster County, Iowa, Pioneer, Chicago, 1913; p. 10.
13. Trade Notes, Municipal Engineering, Vol. XI, No. 4, Oct. 1896; page 262.
14. Trade Notes, Municipal Engineering, Vol. XIII, No. 4, Dec. 1897; p. 382.
15. Frank A. Wilder, Geology of Webster County, Iowa Geological Survey Annual Report, 1901, Des Moines, 1902; page 176.
16. S. W. Beyer and I. A. Williams, The Geology of Clays, Iowa Geological Survey Annual Report, 1903, Des Moines, 1904; ppp. 503–509.
17. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
18. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
19. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
20. "2020 Census". United States Census Bureau.
21. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 11, 2012.
22. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
23. "SOUTHEAST VALLEY 2022-2023" (PDF). Iowa Department of Education . Retrieved November 11, 2023.
24. "Southeast Webster-Grand." Iowa Department of Education. Retrieved on February 24, 2019.
25. "REORGANIZATION & DISSOLUTION ACTIONS SINCE 1965-66." Iowa Department of Education. Retrieved on February 23, 2019.
26. Shea, Bill (June 30, 2023). "Southeast Valley to become official". The Messenger . Fort Dodge, Iowa . Retrieved November 11, 2023.
27. Home. Southeast Webster Community School District. January 11, 1998. Retrieved on February 24, 2019.