Liriodendron chinense

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Liriodendron chinense
Liriodendron chinense 01.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Magnoliaceae
Genus: Liriodendron
Species:
L. chinense
Binomial name
Liriodendron chinense
(Hemsl.) Sarg.

Liriodendron chinense (commonly known as the Chinese tulip poplar, [2] Chinese tulip tree or Chinese whitewood [1] ) is Asia's native species in the genus Liriodendron . This native of central and southern China grows in the provinces of Anhui, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Yunnan, and also locally in northern Vietnam. Protected populations occur in the Tianmushan National Reserve , Huangshan , Wuyi Shan , and Badagongshan Nature Reserve .

Contents

Liriodendron chinense twig with flowers Liriodendron chinense1.jpg
Liriodendron chinense twig with flowers
Petal from Liriodendron chinense flower at Finnerty Gardens, University of Victoria Petal from Chinese tuliptree flower at Finnerty 2013.jpg
Petal from Liriodendron chinense flower at Finnerty Gardens, University of Victoria
Trunk of L. chinense with epicormic shoots showing a purplish tint often seen in juvenile foliage of this species. Trunk of L. chinense with epicormic shoots, June 2014.jpg
Trunk of L. chinense with epicormic shoots showing a purplish tint often seen in juvenile foliage of this species.

Description

Liriodendron chinense is very similar to the American species, Liriodendron tulipifera , differing in the often slightly larger and more deeply lobed leaves, and in the shorter inner petals in the flowers, which lack the orange pigment of L. tulipifera. The Chinese tulip tree reaches about 40 metres (130 ft) tall. [3] Most of its populations are deciduous, with a semi-evergreen population identified at Mengla, Yunnan. [4]

Cultivation

It is not as hardy as the American species, but is cultivated on other continents as an ornamental tree. It is grown in England (where there are many at Kew Gardens [5] ), Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany. In North America, it grows as far north as Boston, Massachusetts, in the east, and Vancouver, British Columbia, in the west. It is a street tree at the University of Victoria and along the Veterans' Memorial Parkway in Langford, British Columbia. A plantation of it is at the National Arboretum in Canberra. [6] In cultivation it grows as fast as the American tulip tree. A cultivar (J.C.Raulston) with leaves larger and darker than typical has been developed in North Carolina. [7]

In the United Kingdom L. chinense has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. [8] [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnoliaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Magnoliaceae are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family, in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: Magnolia and Liriodendron.

<i>Magnolia</i> Genus of angiosperms

Magnolia is a large genus of about 210 to 340 flowering plant species in the subfamily Magnolioideae of the family Magnoliaceae. The natural range of Magnolia species is disjunct, with a main center in east and southeast Asia and a secondary center in eastern North America, Central America, the West Indies, and some species in South America.

<i>Liriodendron</i> Genus of trees

Liriodendron is a genus of two species of characteristically large trees, deciduous over most of their populations, in the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae).

<i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> Species of tree

Liriodendron tulipifera—known as the tulip tree, American tulip tree, tulipwood, tuliptree, tulip poplar, whitewood, fiddletree, lynn-tree, hickory-poplar, and yellow-poplar—is the North American representative of the two-species genus Liriodendron, and the tallest eastern hardwood. It is native to eastern North America from Southern Ontario and possibly southern Quebec to Illinois eastward to southwestern Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and south to central Florida and Louisiana. It can grow to more than 50 m (160 ft) in virgin cove forests of the Appalachian Mountains, often with no limbs until it reaches 25–30 m (80–100 ft) in height, making it a very valuable timber tree. The tallest individual at the present time (2021) is one called the Fork Ridge Tulip Tree at a secret location in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina. Repeated measurements by laser and tape-drop have shown it to be 191 feet 10 inches (58.47 m) in height. This is the tallest known individual tree in eastern North America.

<i>Magnolia acuminata</i> Species of tree

Magnolia acuminata, commonly called the cucumber tree, cucumber magnolia or blue magnolia, is one of the largest magnolias, and one of the cold-hardiest. It is a large forest tree of the Eastern United States and Southern Ontario in Canada. It is a tree that tends to occur singly as scattered specimens, rather than in groves.

<i>Magnolia liliiflora</i> Species of tree

Magnolia liliiflora is a small tree native to southwest China, but cultivated for centuries elsewhere in China and also Japan. Variously known by many names, including Mulan magnolia, purple magnolia, red magnolia, lily magnolia, tulip magnolia and woody-orchid, it was first introduced to English-speaking countries from cultivated Japanese origins, and is thus also sometimes called Japanese magnolia, though it is not native to Japan. It is now also planted as an ornamental in North America and Europe, though rather less often than its popular hybrid.

<i>Magnolia denudata</i> Species of plant

Magnolia denudata, the lilytree or Yulan magnolia, is native to central and eastern China. It has been cultivated in Chinese Buddhist temple gardens since 600 AD. Its flowers were regarded as a symbol of purity in the Tang Dynasty and it was planted in the grounds of the Emperor's palace. It is the official city flower of Shanghai.

<i>Magnolia wilsonii</i> Species of tree

Magnolia wilsonii, or Wilson's magnolia, is a species of Magnolia native to China, in the provinces of western Guizhou, Sichuan and northern Yunnan, where it grows in the forest understory at altitudes of 1,900-3,000 m, rarely up to 3,300 m.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JC Raulston Arboretum</span>

The JC Raulston Arboretum is a 10-acre (40,000 m2) arboretum and botanical garden administered by North Carolina State University, and located in Raleigh, North Carolina. It is open daily to the public without charge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John J. Tyler Arboretum</span> United States historic place

Tyler Arboretum is a nonprofit arboretum located at 515 Painter Road, Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. It is open daily except for major holidays; an admission fee is charged to non-members.

<i>Magnolia champaca</i> Species of tree

Magnolia champaca, known in English as champak, is a large evergreen tree in the family Magnoliaceae. It was previously classified as Michelia champaca. It is known for its fragrant flowers, and its timber used in woodworking.

<i>Ulmus castaneifolia</i> Species of tree

Ulmus castaneifoliaHemsley, the chestnut-leafed elm or multinerved elm, is a small deciduous tree found across much of China in broadleaved forests at elevations of 500–1,600 metres (1,600–5,200 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">W. Gordon Belser Arboretum</span>

W. Gordon Belser Arboretum is part of the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina, managed by the Department of Biological Sciences. The arboretum serves as a nature preserve, field laboratory and research site for students and faculty. It is open to the public at a monthly open house. A small botanic garden features shrubs and small trees suitable for Columbia's home landscapes. The remaining landscape features southeast native trees and plant communities and is a certified Palmetto Wildlife Habitat.

<i>Magnolia <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> soulangeana</i> Hybrid species of tree

Magnolia × soulangeana, the saucer magnolia or sometimes the tulip tree, is a hybrid flowering plant in the genus Magnolia and family Magnoliaceae. It is a deciduous tree with large, early-blooming flowers in various shades of white, pink, and purple. It is one of the most commonly used magnolias in horticulture, being widely planted in the British Isles, especially in the south of England; and in the United States, especially the east and west coasts.

<i>Lonicera nitida</i> Species of shrub

Lonicera nitida is a species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family. In English, it is sometimes given the common names box honeysuckle or Wilson's honeysuckle. It is widely used as a low hedging plant, and for topiary. It is also a popular low-maintenance ground cover plant for urban landscaping.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Arboretum Canberra</span>

The National Arboretum Canberra is a 250-hectare (620-acre) arboretum in Canberra, the national capital of Australia, created after the area was burned out as a result of the Christmas 2001 and 2003 Canberra bushfires: The Himalayan Cedar forest lost about one third of its trees, and the commercial Radiata Pine plantation was burned out, allowing the arboretum to be created.

<i>Magnolia liliifera</i> Species of tree

Magnolia liliifera, commonly known as egg magnolia, is a flowering tree native to the Indomalayan realm. It bears white to cream-colored flowers on terminal stems. The leaves are elliptical and get as large as 25 cm (10 in) long and 8 cm (3 in) wide. The tree ranges in height from 3.5 to 18.5 m in situ.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalsnava Arboretum</span> Arboretum in Madona Municipality, Latvia

Kalsnava Arboretum is an arboretum in Kalsnava Parish, Madona Municipality, Latvia.

<i>Aeschynanthus buxifolius</i> Species of plant

Aeschynanthus buxifolius, the box-leaf lipstick plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Gesneriaceae, native to southern China and northern Vietnam. An epiphyte and lithophyte, it is found growing in forests at elevations from 1,300 to 2,200 m. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as a tropical hothouse ornamental.

<i>Ilex micrococca</i> Species of plant

Ilex micrococca, the thin-leaf holly, is a widespread species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae. It is native to Tibet, southern China, Hainan, Taiwan, northern Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam, and Japan. A deciduous tree reaching 20 m (66 ft), it is found in evergreen broadleaf mountain forests from 500 to 1,900 m in elevation.

References

  1. 1 2 Phan, K.L. (2015). "Liriodendron chinense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T31284A2803363. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T31284A2803363.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. Carolinian Forest Garden, UBC Botanical Garden, retrieved 3 February 2016
  3. Xia Nianhe; Liu Yuhu; Liu Yuhu; Hans P. Nooteboom. "Liriodendron chinense". Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  4. Zhong, Yongda; Yang, Aihong; Liu, Shujuan; Liu, Lipan; Li, Yanqiang; Wu, Zhaoxiang; Yu, Faxin (2018). "RAD-Seq Data Point to a Distinct Split in Liriodendron (Magnoliaceae) and Obvious East–West Genetic Divergence in L. Chinense". Forests. 10: 13. doi: 10.3390/f10010013 .
  5. Kew Gardens site on tulip trees Archived 2006-04-17 at the Wayback Machine
  6. "Forest 9 - Chinese Tulip Tree - National Arboretum Canberra". Archived from the original on 2015-09-23.
  7. "JC Raulston Arboretum".
  8. "RHS Plantfinder - Liriodendron chinense" . Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  9. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 60. Retrieved 25 March 2018.