List of Czech and Slovak Jews

There was a large and thriving community of Jews, both religious and secular, in Czechoslovakia before World War II. Many perished during the Holocaust. Today, nearly all of the survivors have inter-married and assimilated into Czech and Slovak society.

Academics and scientists

Engineering

• Itzhak Bentov, inventor ^[1]
• Daniel Mandl (1891–1944), civil engineer, inventor, victim of the Holocaust

Social science

• Guido Adler (1855–1941), musicologist, composer, writer, born in Ivančice (Eibenschütz), Moravia
• Yehuda Bauer, Czech-born Israeli historian of the Holocaust ^[2]
• Samuel Bergman, philosopher ^[3]
• Pavel Bergmann, historian, philosopher and political activist; signatory of charter 77; nephew of Hugo Bergmann
• Berthold Bretholz, Moravian historian ^[4]
• Vilém Flusser (1920–1991), self-taught philosopher ^[5]
• Ernest Gellner (1925–1995), philosopher and social anthropologist ^[6]
• Stephan Korner, philosopher ^[7]
• Ernest Nagel, philosopher ^[8]
• Samuel Steinherz (1857–1942), Czechoslovak mediaevalist ^[9]

Mathematics

• Nikolai Brashman (1796–1866), mathematician ^[10]
• David Gans (1541–1613), mathematician ^[11]
• Joseph Kohn (1932–2023), mathematician ^[12]
• Ernst Kolman (1892–1972), philosopher of mathematics ^[13]
• Charles Loewner (1893–1968), mathematician ^[14]
• Assaf Naor (born 1975), mathematician ^[15]
• Alfred Tauber (1866–1942), mathematician ^[16]
• Olga Taussky-Todd (1906–1995), mathematician ^[17]

Medicine

• Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis; born in Příbor (Freiberg), Moravia
• Carl Koller (1857–1944), ophthalmologist ^[18]
• Pavol Steiner (1908–1969), Olympic water polo player, swimmer, and cardiac surgeon
• Rudolf Vrba (1924–2006), pharmacologist ^[19] (born in Slovakia)

Natural science

• Gerty Cori (1896–1957), biochemist ^[20]
• Martin Fleischmann, chemist ^[21]

Arts/entertainment

• Bedřich Feuerstein (1892–1936), architect, painter and essayist ^[22]
• Miloš Forman (1932–2018), film director, actor and script writer ^[23]
• Juraj Herz (born 1934), film director, actor, and scenic designer ^[24] (born in Slovakia)
• Arnošt Goldflam (born 1946), playwright, writer, director, screenwriter and actor ^[25]
• Hugo Haas (1901–1968), actor and film director ^[26]
• Miloš Kopecký (1922–1996), actor
• Hugo Lederer (1871–1940), sculptor ^[27]
• Francis Lederer (1899–2000), actor ^[28]
• Herbert Lom (1917–2012), actor ^[29]
• Robert Maxwell (1923–1991), media mogul ^[30]
• Emil Orlik (1870–1932), painter ^[31]
• Alfréd Radok (1917–1976), writer and director in theater and film ^[32]
• Karel Reisz (1926–2002), film director ^[33]
• Ivan Reitman (1946-2022), film director (born in Slovakia)
• Emery Roth (1871–1948), architect (born in Sečovce at the present-day territory of Slovakia)
• Jan Saudek (born 1935), art photographer ^[34]
• Anna Ticho (1894–1980), artist ^[35]
• Jiří Weiss (1913–2004), film director and screenwriter ^[36]
• Adrianna Demiany (née Roskovanyi) (born 1942), Slovak-Hungarian-Canadian Journalist (Born in Košice at the present-day territory of Slovakia) ^[37]

Athletes

• Kurt Epstein (1904–1975), Czechoslovak national water polo team, Olympic competitor, incarcerated by the Nazis in Theresienstadt and Auschwitz ^{[38] [39]}
• Arie Gill-Glick (1930–2016), Israeli Olympic runner
• Ladislav Hecht (1909–2004), Czechoslovak-American tennis player, world #6
• Gertrude "Traute" Kleinová (1918–1976), table tennis, three-time world champion, incarcerated by the Nazis in Theresienstadt and Auschwitz
• Pavol Steiner (1908–1969), Olympic water polo player, swimmer, and cardiac surgeon
• Olga Winterberg (1922–2010), Israeli Olympian in the discus throw

Music

• Karel Ančerl (1908–1973), conductor, respected for his performances of contemporary music and particularly cherished for his interpretations of music by Czech composers ^[40]
• Karel Berman (1919–1995), opera singer and composer ^[41]
• Ignaz Brüll, composer and pianist ^[42]
• Arthur Chitz (1882–1944) musicologist, composer, pianist, and conductor ^{[43] [44]}
• Alexander Goldscheider (born 1950), composer and producer
• Alfred Grünfeld (1852–1924), pianist and composer ^[45]
• Pavel Haas (1899–1944), composer ^[46]
• Eduard Hanslick (1825–1904), music critic ^[47]
• Gideon Klein (1919–1945), composer of classical music ^{[48] [49]}
• Eliška Kleinová (1912–1999), pianist, music educator; sister of Gideon Klein
• Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897–1957), composer ^[50]
• Hans Krása (1899–1944), composer ^{[51] [52]}
• Egon Ledeč (1889–1944), music composer ^[48]
• Gustav Mahler (1860–1911), music composer and conductor, Czech-born ^{[53] [54]}
• Herbert Thomas Mandl (1926–2007), concert violinist, professor at the Janáček Academy of Music in Ostrava, Holocaust survivor who was a contemporary witness to the rich cultural life in the Theresienstadt (Terezín) ghetto
• Ignaz Moscheles (1794–1870), composer and piano virtuoso ^[55]
• Zuzana Růžičková (1927–2017), contemporary harpsichordist, interpreter of classical and baroque music ^[56]
• Erwin Schulhoff (1894–1942), composer and pianist ^[57]
• Julius Schulhoff (1825–1898), pianist and composer ^[58]
• Walter Susskind (1913–1980), conductor ^[59]
• Viktor Ullmann (1898–1944), composer, conductor and pianist ^[60]
• Jaromír Weinberger (1896–1967), composer ^[61]

Politicians

• Victor Adler (1852–1918), socialist politician, born in Prague ^[62]
• Madeleine Albright (1937–2022), served as the 64th United States Secretary of State ^[63]
• Ludwig Czech (1870–1942), leader and several times minister for the German Social Democratic Workers Party in the Czechoslovak Republic
• Jan Fischer (born 1951), prime minister of the Czech Republic (2009) ^[64]
• Bruno Kafka (1881–1931), German-speaking Jewish Czech politician, leader from 1918 to his death of the Czechoslovak German Democratic Liberal Party, member of the National Assembly
• Ignaz Kuranda, politician ^[65]
• Artur London (1915–1986), communist politician and co-defendant in the Slánský trial; born in Ostrava, Silesia, Austria-Hungary ^[66]
• Rudolf Margolius (1913–1952), Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade (1949–1952), a victim of the Slánský trial ^[67]
• Rudolf Slánský (1901–1952); Communist politician and the party's General Secretary after World War II; fell into disfavour with the regime and was executed after a show trial ^[68]
• Michael Žantovský, politician and author; appointed to serve as the Ambassador to Israel in July 2003 ^[69]
• Vladimír Železný (born 1945), media businessman and politician, member of the European Parliament, founder of TV NOVA

Religious leaders

• Samuel Abramson, rabbi of Carlsbad ^[70]
• Tzvi Ashkenazi, better known as Haham Zevi, chief rabbi of Amsterdam, prominent opponent of the Sabbateans
• Nehemiah Brüll, rabbi (born Rousínov, Moravia) ^[71]
• Israel Bruna, rabbi (born Brno) ^[72]
• Aaron Chorin, rabbi (born Moravia) ^[73]
• Joseph H. Hertz (1872–1946), Chief Rabbi of the British Empire ^[74]
• Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan, Bohemian tosafist ^[75]
• Judah Loew ben Bezalel (1525?–1609), rabbi ^[76]
• Mordecai Meisel, philanthropist and communal leader at Prague ^[77]
• Karol Sidon, playwright, chief rabbi of Prague, and Convert to Judaism
• Salomon Weisz, cantor & Bar Mitzvah teacher in Znojmo and Trebic, cantor of Moravia and Bar Mitzvah teacher in Prague from 1946 to 1968.

Writers

• Henri Blowitz, journalist ^[78]
• Max Brod (1884–1968), author, composer, and journalist ^[79]
• Petr Brod (b. 1951), journalist ^[80]
• Avigdor Dagan (1912–2006), writer ^[81]
• Egon Hostovsky (1908–1973), writer ^[82]
• Franz Kafka (1883–1924), novelist ^{[83] [84] [85]}
• Siegfried Kapper (1821–1879), writer ^[86]
• Ivan Klíma (born 1931), novelist, playwright ^[87]
• Leopold Kompert (1822–1886), author ^[88]
• Heda Margolius Kovály, author and translator ^{[89] [90]}
• František R. Kraus (1903–1967), writer, journalist and reporter; wrote one of the first books ever about his experience in Auschwitz, published in 1945
• Jiří Langer (1894-1943), poet, scholar and essayist, journalist and teacher
• Arnošt Lustig (1926–2011), author of novels, short stories, plays and screenplays whose works have often involved the Holocaust ^[91]
• Jiří Orten (1919–1941), poet ^[92]
• Ota Pavel (1930–1973), writer, journalist and sport reporter
• Leopold Perutz (1882–1957), German language novelist and mathematician
• Karel Poláček (1892–1945), writer and journalist ^[93]
• Tom Stoppard (born 1937), playwright, known for plays such as The Real Thing and Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead, and for the screenplay for Shakespeare in Love ^[94]
• Hermann Ungar (1893–1929), writer of German language and an officer in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Czechoslovakia ^[95]
• Jiří Weil (1900–1959), writer, novels Life with a Star (Život s hvězdou) and Mendelssohn is on the Roof ^[96]
• Franz Werfel (1890–1945), Czech-born writer; married Mahler's widow ^[97]

Other

• Jacob Bassevi (1580–1634), Bohemian Court Jew and financier ^[98]
• George Brady (1928–2019), brother of Hana Brady ^[99]
• Hana Brady (1931–1944), Holocaust victim ^[100]
• Izrael Zachariah Deutsch, deaf memoirist ^[101]
• Salo Flohr (1908–1983), leading chess master of the early 20th century ^[102]
• Petr Ginz (1928–1944), boy deported to the Terezín concentration camp during the Holocaust ^[103]
• Isaak Löw Hofmann, Edler von Hofmannsthal (1759–1849), merchant ^[104]
• Frank Lowy (born 1930), businessman ^[105]
• Richard Réti (1889–1929), chess grandmaster ^[106]
• Yoshua Samuel Rusnak (also "Yehoshua Sh'mu'el Rusnak"; died 1915), ^[107] diasporan Jew and Zionist based in Kosice, Slovakia; many of his family members were murdered in the Holocaust at Auschwitz ^{[108] [109] [110]}
• Wilhelm Steinitz (1836–1900), first World Chess Champion ^[111]
• Irene Capek (1925–2006), Jewish holocaust survivor, humanitarian and local Australian politician

See also

• History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
• History of the Jews in Slovakia
• List of Austrian Jews
• List of Czechs
• List of East European Jews
• List of Slovaks

References

Footnotes

1. Review of his book, The Cosmic Book: On the Mechanics of Creation Biblio.com booksellers calls him "a Jewish scientist and inventor, who was born in Prague". Retrieved 20 October 2006. Actually born in Humenné.
2. "Yehuda Bauer, Historian of the Holocaust". Anti-Defamation League . Archived from ADL website the original on 2 December 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2006.{{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
3. Jewish Agency for Israel Archived 1 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine ; The Hugo Bergmann family Papers; both accessed 11 March 2007
4. Encyclopaedia Judaica , article "Historians", list of "Prominent Jewish General Historians".
5. "Flusserstudies.net". Archived from the original on 13 July 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2006. "Vilém Flusser was born on 12 May 1920 in Prague into a family of Jewish intellectuals"
6. Obituary, by John Davis, Warden of All Souls College London School of Economics Archived 14 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine , "Ernest Gellner, who has died a few days short of his 70th birthday, was brought up in Prague, in an urban intellectual Jewish family." Accessed 10 November 2006.
7. ( Jewish Year Book 2005 p215, in List of Jewish Fellows of the British Academy; born Czechoslovakia; see Who's Who )
8. List of Jewish philosophers; born in Prague Biography Research Guide 10 March 2008
9. Encyclopedia Judaica , article "Historians", list of "Prominent Jewish General Historians".
10. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Nikolai Dmetrievich Brashman", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
11. "GANS, DAVID BEN SOLOMON BEN SELIGMAN - JewishEncyclopedia.com". jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
12. Cook, Mariana (2009). Mathematicians an outer view of the inner world (Online-Ausg. ed.). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 110. ISBN   978-1400832880.
13. Lorentz, G. G. (2002). "Mathematics and Politics in the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953" (PDF). Journal of Approximation Theory. 116 (2): 185. doi: 10.1006/jath.2002.3670 .
14. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Charles Loewner", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
15. "Jewish Recipients of the Bôcher Memorial Prize". Jinfo.org. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
16. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Alfred Tauber", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive , University of St Andrews
17. "The Return of Women of Mathematics (Olga Taussky-Todd)". Archived from the original on 13 January 1998. Retrieved 29 July 2006. "Political tensions arose around this time, and like many other Jewish intellectuals, she left Germany"
18. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., art. "Koller, Carl": "born in Bohemia"
19. Ruth Linn (13 April 2006). "Obituary: Rudolf Vrba | Special reports | Guardian Unlimited". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
20. "Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
21. "Martin Fleischmann". www.nndb.com. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
22. "Year of Jewish Culture - 100 Years of the Jewish Museum in Prague". Archived from the original on 19 July 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2006. Noted in "Prague Jewish Architecture"
23. Web biographies that indicate Forman's father, who died in a concentration camp, was Jewish are incorrect. Neither one of his parents was Jewish. However, according to , Forman's biological father was Jewish, something he found out only after WWII: "About this time Miloš received word from a woman who befriended Anna in Auschwitz. What she had to say would come as quite a shock. It seems Rudolf was in fact not Miloš's father and that his real father was an architect who had worked for Anna. He too disappeared before the war but was Jewish thereby making Miloš half Jewish. Miloš would learn that this man was in fact alive and a professor at a university in Ecuador. They would never meet."
24. Kronfeld, Martin (2012). "Židia". In Myrtil Nagy (ed.). Naše národnostné menšiny. Šamorín: Fórum inštitút pre výskum menšín. p. 23. ISBN   978-80-89249-57-2.
25. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed, art. "Goldflam, Arnošt": "Czech playwright, writer, director, screenwriter, and actor. Born to Holocaust survivors in Brno (Moravia)"
26. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed, art. "Haas, Hugo": "Czechoslovak actor and film director"
27. International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies – Cemetery Project Archived 26 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine : he is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Znojmo, Czech Republic; accessed 18 May 2007
28. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed, art. "Lederer, Francis": "Czech actor"
29. Martin Harry Greenberg (November 1979). The Jewish lists: physicists and ... Schocken Books. ISBN   9780805237115 . Retrieved 8 November 2011.
30. "Robert Maxwell: Overview". Ketupa.net. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
31. "Newsletter 2003/3". Archived from the original on 8 February 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2006. "important Jewish graphic artist and painter, Emil Orlik"
32. Article title ^[usurped] described Radok as "half Jewish"
33. "Czech-born director Karel Reisz dies in London". Radio Prague International. 28 November 2002. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
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37. LinkedIn Profile ^{[ self-published source ]}
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41. The concentration camp for Jews – the Terezín Ghetto Archived 1 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine lists Berman as among the Jews sent there; Accessed 3 November 2006
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43. Uwe Scholz. "Projekt Shalom CJD Chemnitz - Arthur Chitz". www.juden-in-mittelsachsen.de (in German). Retrieved 6 June 2018.
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45. Jewish Encyclopedia; "born at Prague" Accessed 28 November 2006.
46. "Classical Composers Database" "Born: 21 June 1899, Brno (Czechoslovakia) ... Being Jewish, at the time of the Nazi invasion he divorced his Christian wife to save his family" Accessed 6 November 2006.
47. Avins, Styra "Brahms and the German Spirit (review)" Music and Letters – Volume 87, Number 1, 2006, pp. 136–141 online at or "three other Jews, Julius Epstein, Anton Door, and Eduard Hanslick" (Needs subscription, but found with this search: Accessed 6 November 2006.)
    Born in Prague: Encyclopædia Britannica Accessed 6 November 2006.
48. Czech Jewish Museum Archived 3 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine "The life and work of the Czech Jewish composers Gideon Klein and Egon Ledeč" Accessed 10 November 2006.
49. The Gideon Klein Foundation "The Gideon Klein Foundation is a non-profit organization founded by Eliška Kleinová, Gideon Klein’s sister" Accessed 15 June 2007.
50. Korngold Society Archived 9 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine : "he got thrown out of Vienna because he was Jewish" Jessica Duchen, author of E. Korngold's biography); Korngold Society: "BRNO, where the composer was born"; accessed 6 February 2007.
51. Berkeley Repertory Theater "Krása, who was Jewish" Accessed 23 November 2006
52. Minnesota Public Radio "Krása was a gifted Czech composer" Accessed 23 November 2006
53. Biography for Gustav Mahler at IMDb. Retrieved 28 November 2006. "Mahler's Jewish faith stood in the way of his career goal"
54. Sony Essentials of Music Archived 15 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine "Czech-born Austrian composer and conductor" Accessed 28 November 2006.
55. Art. on Moscheles in Encyclopædia Britannica "Czech pianist, one of the outstanding virtuosos of his era"; Art. on Moscheles in Columbia Encyclopedia ^{[ permanent dead link ‍]} "Prague -born Jewish virtuoso Ignaz Moscheles" Both accessed 29 November 2006.
56. Radio Praha "She was born in Pilsen in 1927 into an upper class Jewish family"; Goldberg the early-music portal Archived 5 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine "France honours Czech harpsichordist Zuzana Ruzickova" Both accessed 29 November 2006.
57. School of Oriental and African Studies, Newsletter of the Jewish Music Institute Archived 22 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine "Erwin Schulhoff, a Czech Jew executed by the Nazis..." Accessed 8 December 2006.
58. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2nd ed., art. "Schulhoff, Julius": "Born in Prague"
59. Bach cantatas site "The distinguished Czech-born English conductor" Lake Placid Film Forum Archived 23 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine "Walter Susskind, a German Jew" Both accessed 4 January 2007
60. "Terezin". Archived from the original on 8 September 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2006. "Raised a German-Czech until a 1909 move to Austria" "Viktor Ullmann - Czech Contemporary Composer". Archived from the original on 3 August 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2006. "Viktor Ullmann, composer, pianist, choirmaster, conductor and music critic, was one of the victims from among the Prague German Jewish musicians in World War II."
61. "Jewish History of Czech Republic". www.porges.net. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
62. Encyclopedia of Austria born Prague. Retrieved 20 March 2008; "Jews and the American Soul: Human Nature in the Twentieth Century" by Andrew R. Heinze; Published 2004 Princeton University Press ISBN   0-691-11755-1, p.69 (includes him in list of notable Jews in Vienna)
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67. http://www.margolius.co.uk "Articles and books about the life of Rudolf Margolius and his international economic agreements."
68. http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/62-4.html "The Czech Jewish party leader Rudolf Slansky"
69. Jewish News Weekly Michael Zantovsky, a leading Czech political figure who is of Jewish background"; Accessed 5 February 2007
70. Jewish News Weekly of Northern California "A chance meeting 13 years ago changed the course of Rabbi Samuel Abramson's life... He left his homeland, Czechoslovakia, in 1988" Accessed 8 December 2006.
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