Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; practitioners are referred to as "crypto-Jews".
Helen Kleinbort Krauze is a Polish-born Mexican Jewish journalist who worked for over five decades as an interviewer, features and travel writer and columnist. She was first with Novedades, later with El Heraldo de México and more recently with Sol de Mexico and Protocolo magazine.
Francisca Nuñez de Carabajal was a Marrana (Crypto-Jew) in New Spain executed by burning at the stake by the Inquisition for judaizing in 1596.
The history of the Jews in Mexico began in 1519 with the arrival of Conversos, often called Marranos or "Crypto-Jews", referring to those Jews forcibly converted to Catholicism and that then became subject to the Spanish Inquisition.
According to the 2000 Mexican census, 1,293 Russian citizens were resident in Mexico.
The Jewish immigration to Puerto Rico began in the 15th century with the arrival of the anusim who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage. An open Jewish community did not flourish in the colony because Judaism was prohibited by the Spanish Inquisition. However, many migrated to mountainous parts of the island, far from the central power of San Juan, and continued to self-identify as Jews and practice Crypto-Judaism.
There is a Polish diaspora in Mexico. According to the 2005 intercensal estimate, there were 971 Polish citizens living in Mexico. Furthermore, by the estimate of the Jewish community, there may be as many as 15,000 descendants of Jewish migrants from Poland living in Mexico.
The history of the Jews in Uruguay dates back to the colonial empire. Perhaps the most important influx of Jewish population was during the 20th century, due to World War I and World War II. Uruguay's Jewish community is mainly composed of Ashkenazi. Uruguay is home to the fifth largest Jewish community in Latin America after Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Chile respectively, and the largest as a proportion of the total population.
The history of the Jews in Chile dates back to the arrival of Europeans to the country. Over time, Chile has received several contingents of Jewish immigrants. Currently, the Jewish community in Chile comes mainly from the migrations occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries, mostly of Ashkenazi background.
The Jewish People's League in Mexico was a communist Jewish organization in Mexico. The organization was founded by members of Gezbir in 1942, in response to the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Initially the name of the organization was Jewish League to Help the Soviet Union. It was commonly known as Di Ligue in the Jewish community. The organization had good relationship with the Jewish Central Committee of Mexico, as several members of Di Ligue were also part of the Central Committee. Di Ligue organized bazaars for fundraising to support Soviet orphans and families affected by the war. Di Ligue published the newspaper Fraivelt.
Brigitte Alexander was a German-born Mexican author, actress, director and translator. When the Nazi party seized power in Germany, she fled to France. Facing arrest in France, her husband chose to enter the Foreign Legion. Assisted by friends and Albert Einstein, the family made their way to Mexico. Alexander, who spoke five languages, worked as a translator for UNESCO and Amnesty International, and performed in movies and plays in Mexico.
Perla Krauze Kleinbort is a Mexican sculptor, painter and visual artist. She has a Masters in Visual Art from Chelsea College of Art, in London. Her work is important public collections such as the Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico City, the Museo de Arte Contemporaneo/ Museum of Contemporary Art in Oaxaca City, Museo de Arte Carrillo Gil/ Carrillo Gil Art Museum, Museo de la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público and the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art in Arizona.
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