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A Scientologist is an adherent of the doctrines and beliefs of Scientology. Some adherents of the belief system of Scientology practice independently in what is often referred to as free zone Scientology. The Church of Scientology organization claims "SCIENTOLOGIST is a collective membership mark indicating membership in a church and church membership services of the affiliated Scientology churches and missions." [1]
Scientologists not in trouble with the ethics department are considered "in good standing" and are allowed to be on Church of Scientology premises, receive services, and attend events. [2] : 361
Public Scientologists are those individuals who are not staff. They pay the Church of Scientology for training or auditing services, and live and work independent of the organization. [3] : 70 Collectively, non-staff Scientologists may be referred to as "members", the "public", or the "field". [4] : 128, 228
Even though public members are not employed by the organization, they are ranked within the entire chain of command and defer to all staff personnel, who are seen as their seniors. Members are frequently pressed into service for clerical or promotional tasks or to recruit new members. [4] : 180 Members who recruit people for Scientology services are called "field staff members" (FSM) and are paid a commission of 10%–15% of the amount their recruit pays for a service. [5] [6] [4] : 181
The lists below contain names of public Scientologists. For Scientologists who are, or were, on staff, see Scientology officials § List of Scientology officials.
This table includes members who were still Scientologists in the Church of Scientology at the time of their death.
This table represents individuals who were previously Scientologists, but who have since left the Church of Scientology.
Name | Lifetime | Left | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Larry Anderson | 1952– | 2009 | Actor, star of Orientation: A Scientology Information Film , left the church in 2009 and requested his money back. [123] |
Gerry Armstrong | 1946– | 1981 | Former Sea Org member for ten years and involved in a series of Scientology related lawsuits, collectively Church of Scientology of California v. Armstrong. [124] |
Jon Atack | 1955– | 1983 | Whistleblower and noted critic of the church. [125] |
Allen Barton | 1968– | 2000 | Playwright and acting teacher who would later become an outspoken critic of the church. [126] |
Jason Beghe | 1960– | 2007 | Actor, rose to Operating Thetan level V (OT V), left Scientology and subsequently spoke out publicly against the church in 2008. [127] [128] He joined the church through Milton Katselas' acting class, connecting with Bodhi Elfman and Mary Thompson. [129] [18] : 266-267 |
Cedric Bixler-Zavala | 1974– | 2017 | Musician. [130] |
Nazanin Boniadi | 1980– | Actress. [131] her mother was a Scientologist. [132] | |
Kate Bornstein | 1948– | 1981 | Transgender author, playwright, performance artist and gender theorist. Was previously a spokesperson for Scientology. [133] |
John Brodie | 1935– | American football player; [92] [134] credited Dianetics with his recovery from a sports injury; left after some of his friends "were expelled and harassed during a power struggle with church management" [92] | |
Stacy Brooks | 1952– | 1989 | Former managing editor of Freedom magazine and a Scientologist for over twenty years. She has since become president of the Lisa McPherson Trust and an expert witness in many high-profile Scientology lawsuits. [135] [136] [137] |
William S. Burroughs | 1914–1997 | 1960s | Author and poet. Joined and left the church during the 1960s. [138] In talking about the experience, he claimed that the techniques and philosophy of Scientology helped him and that he felt that further study into Scientology would produce great results. He was skeptical of the church itself, and felt that it fostered an environment that did not accept critical discussion. [139] His subsequent critical writings about the church and his review of Inside Scientology by Robert Kaufman led to a battle of letters between Burroughs and Scientology supporters in the pages of Rolling Stone magazine. He wrote the book Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology . [140] [141] |
Diana Canova | 1953– | 1993 | Actress; [142] critical of Scientology's "straightforward" desire for money. [143] [144] |
Tory Christman | 1947– | 2000 | Whistleblower and noted critic of the church. [125] |
Robert DeGrimston | 1935– | With wife, Marry Anne DeGrimston, founder of The Process Church of The Final Judgment. [145] [146] | |
Richard de Mille | 1922–2009 | 1954 | Author and journalist; at one point a personal assistant to L. Ron Hubbard. [18] : 37 [147] |
John Duignan | 1963– | Whistleblower and noted critic of the church. [148] | |
Dennis Erlich | 19xx– | 1982 | Former high-ranking official in the church and later critic of Scientology who joined the alt.religion.scientology discussion group on Usenet in late July 1994. [149] [150] : 153 |
Michael Fairman | 1934– | 2011 | Actor [151] |
Neil Gaiman | 1960– | Novelist, graphic novelist, and screenwriter. Son of David Gaiman, raised Scientologist in East Grinstead. Has left the church, although prefers not to speak publicly about it. [152] | |
Philip Gale | 1978–1998 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology student and primary developer of EarthLink's innovative ISP software; died by suicide in 1998. [153] | |
Paul Haggis | 1953– | 2009 | Film director, Academy Award winner; Left in response to the San Diego branch's public support of California Proposition 8 and other factors. [154] He progressed up to OT VII in the 1980s where he remained until he left the church. [129] |
Beck Hansen | 1970– | 2019 | Musician who promoted Scientology as a member for many years. [7] [8] [22] [23] [81] Stated in a 2019 interview that he is not a Scientologist and that he doesn't "have any connection or affiliation with it". [155] |
Marc Headley | 1974– | 2005 | Whistleblower and critic of the church. [125] |
Katie Holmes | 1978– | 2012 | Actress and formerly married to Scientologist Tom Cruise. [156] |
Jim Humble | 1933– | 1981 | Self-published author and founder of the Genesis II Church [157] [158] |
Robert Hunter | 1941–2019 | 1999 | Lyricist for the Grateful Dead. [159] |
Mark Janicello | 1962 | 2003 | Actor, Singer and Dramatist. Author of Naked in the Spotlight: My Life with Sex, Singing, and Scientology in German and in English [160] |
Nicole Kidman | 1967– | 1992 | Actress; Tom Cruise's ex-wife [161] |
Jason Lee | 1970– | 2016 | Actor [8] [162] [163] [164] |
Arnie Lerma | 1950–2018 | 1977 | Son of a high-ranking member. Critic of Scientology who posted the Fishman Affidavit, including the Xenu story, to the Internet via the Usenet newsgroup alt.religion.scientology. [149] [150] : 153 |
Johnny Lewis | 1983–2012 | Actor [165] | |
Juliette Lewis | 1973– | 2021 | Actress [166] [167] |
Charles Manson | 1934–2017 | Identified as a Scientologist during his time in prison. [25] [145] [168] [169] [170] He ordered Manson Family member Bruce Davis to journey to the United Kingdom and work for the Scientology organization in London. [171] Manson completed 150 hours of auditing while researching his own religious practices, [172] [173] which borrowed heavily from Scientology. [145] | |
Jenna Miscavige Hill | 1984– | 2005 | Niece of David Miscavige, author and whistleblower. [174] |
Ron Miscavige | 1936–2021 | 2012 | Father of David Miscavige, author and whistleblower. [175] |
Vince Offer | 1964– | 2002 | Film director of The Underground Comedy Movie and pitchman for ShamWow. [176] |
Bijou Phillips | 1980– | 2024 | Model and actress [177] [178] |
Laura Prepon | 1980– | 2016 | Actress [179] |
Lisa Marie Presley | 1968–2023 | 2014 | Singer and songwriter who was the daughter of Elvis Presley. [180] |
Priscilla Presley | 1945– | 2017 | Businesswoman and actress [181] |
Mark Rathbun | 1957– | 2004 | Whistleblower, and critic of the Church. [125] In December 2018, Jezebel reported that Rathbun had posted videos on his website that praised Scientology and criticized ex-Scientologist Leah Remini. Jezebel also suggested that Rathbun had actually re-joined Scientology. [182] |
Joe Reaiche | 1958– | 2005 | Former rugby league footballer who is the father of Alanna Masterson and Jordan Masterson. He accused the church of framing him for financial misconduct and is estranged from his children. [57] |
Leah Remini | 1970– | 2013 | Actress [8] [183] [184] and critic of the church. She wrote an autobiography in 2015 entitled Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology , and produces and presents the A&E documentary series Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath . |
Mike Rinder | 1955– | 2007 | Whistleblower and critic of the church. [185] |
Mimi Rogers | 1956– | Actress [186] | |
Amy Scobee | 19xx– | 2005 | Whistleblower and critic of the church. [187] |
Chris Shelton | 1969– | 2012 | Author and YouTuber; he was a member of the church for 27 years and has been outspoken about his experiences since leaving. [188] [189] [190] |
Aaron Saxton | 1974– | 2006 | Former Sea Org member who had influential positions in Sydney as well as the United States. He received attention when Australian Senator Nick Xenophon quoted statements by Saxton about Scientology into the parliamentary record of the Australian Senate. [191] [192] [193] |
Reed Slatkin | 1949–2015 | Sentenced in 2003 to 14 years in prison for running one of the largest Ponzi schemes in US history, scamming more than $600 million from 800 investors. [194] [195] | |
Jeffrey Tambor | 1944– | 2000s | Actor, left when he was pressured to leave his second wife. [196] [197] |
Paul Twitchell | 1908–1971 | 1959 | Spiritual writer and founder of Eckankar. [198] [199] Joined Scientology and achieved the status of "Clear". [200] |
Cyril Vosper | 1935–2004 | 1968 | Author and deprogrammer; wrote The Mind Benders which was the first book on Scientology to be written by an ex-member and the first critical book on Scientology to be published. [201] |
Matt Willis | 1983– | 2008 | Musician, singer, songwriter, television presenter and actor, and bassist and co-vocalist of the pop band, Busted. Was recruited to the church following a stint in rehab, but left the church after they reportedly advised that he separate from his wife Emma Willis, who the church deemed to be a "suppressive person". [202] |
Lawrence Wollersheim | 19xx– | 1979 | Former member and co-founder of the FACTNet, a non-profit organization that criticized the church, known for winning a multi-million dollar judgment against the church in a case about publishing material on the internet that the church claimed was protected by copyright. [203] [150] : 153 [204] |
Bonnie Woods | 19xx– | 1982 | Former member of the Sea Org who was subjected to a smear campaign by the church. [205] |
In December 1981, Armstrong and his wife left the Church...
Cedric and his wife, Chrissie Carnell, were members of the Church of Scientology, Chrissie since the late '90s and Cedric for a brief period in the mid-2010s.
Xenu, also called Xemu, is a figure in the Church of Scientology's secret "Advanced Technology", a sacred and esoteric teaching. According to the "Technology", Xenu was the extraterrestrial ruler of a "Galactic Confederacy" who brought billions of his people to Earth in DC-8-like spacecraft 75 million years ago, stacked them around volcanoes, and killed them with hydrogen bombs. Official Scientology scriptures hold that the thetans of these aliens adhere to humans, causing spiritual harm.
Disconnection is the severance of all ties between a Scientologist and a friend, colleague, or family member deemed to be antagonistic towards Scientology. The practice of disconnection is a form of shunning. Among Scientologists, disconnection is viewed as an important method of removing obstacles to one's spiritual growth. In some circumstances, disconnection has ended marriages and separated children from their parents.
Followers of the Scientology movement maintain a wide variety of beliefs and practices. The core belief holds that a human is an immortal, spiritual being (thetan) that is resident in a physical body. The thetan has had innumerable past lives, some of which, preceding the thetan's arrival on Earth, were lived in extraterrestrial cultures. Based on case studies at advanced levels, it is predicted that any Scientologist undergoing auditing will eventually come across and recount a common series of past-life events.
Since its inception in 1954, the Church of Scientology has been involved in a number of controversies, including its stance on psychiatry, Scientology's legitimacy as a religion, the Church's aggressive attitude in dealing with its perceived enemies and critics, allegations of mistreatment of members, and predatory financial practices; for example, the high cost of religious training:191 and perceived exploitative practices. When mainstream media outlets have reported alleged abuses, representatives of the church have tended to deny such allegations.
A Volunteer Minister (VM) is a member of Scientology sent to a disaster zone to spread the doctrine of Scientology and provide disaster relief. The program was created in the 1970s by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard.
David Miscavige is an American Scientologist who is serving as the second and current leader of the Church of Scientology. His official title within the organization is Chairman of the Board of the Religious Technology Center. RTC is a corporation that controls the trademarks and copyrights of Dianetics and Scientology. He is also referred to within the Scientology organization as "DM", "COB", and "Captain of the Sea Org".
The term fair game is used to describe policies and practices carried out by the Church of Scientology towards people and groups it perceives as its enemies. Founder of Scientology L. Ron Hubbard established the policy in the 1950s in response to criticism both from within and outside his organization. Individuals or groups who are "fair game" are judged to be a threat to the Church and, according to the policy, can be punished and harassed using any and all means possible. In 1968, Hubbard officially canceled use of the term "fair game" because of negative public relations it caused, although the Church's aggressive response to criticism continued.
The Church of Scientology is a group of interconnected corporate entities and other organizations devoted to the practice, administration and dissemination of Scientology, which is variously defined as a cult, a business, or a new religious movement. The movement has been the subject of a number of controversies, and the Church of Scientology has been described by government inquiries, international parliamentary bodies, scholars, law lords, and numerous superior court judgements as both a dangerous cult and a manipulative profit-making business.
Scientology has been referenced in popular culture in many different forms of media including fiction, film, music, television and theatre. In the 1960s, author William S. Burroughs wrote about Scientology in both fictional short stories and non-fictional essays. The topic was dealt with more directly in his book, Ali's Smile/Naked Scientology. The 2000 film Battlefield Earth was an adaptation of a novel by L. Ron Hubbard.
The Church of Scientology has recruited celebrities for their endorsement of Scientology as a public relations strategy. The organization has had a written program governing celebrity recruitment since at least 1955, when L. Ron Hubbard created "Project Celebrity", offering rewards to Scientologists who recruited targeted celebrities. Early interested parties included former silent-screen star Gloria Swanson and jazz pianist Dave Brubeck. The Scientology organization has a particular interest in international focus on wealthy businesspeople and influencers to help promote its ideals. A Scientology policy letter of 1976 states that "rehabilitation of celebrities who are just beyond or just approaching their prime" enables the "rapid dissemination" of Scientology.
This is a Timeline of Scientology and its forerunner Dianetics, particularly its foundation and development by author L. Ron Hubbard as well as general publications, articles, books and other milestones.
Clear Body, Clear Mind is a Scientology book compiled from L. Ron Hubbard material from the 1960s, which was published posthumously in 1990 by Bridge Publications, the Church of Scientology's publishing house. The book is considered part of Scientology's canon. It is the textbook for the Purification Rundown ("Purif"), which Scientologists believe is a detoxification program with medical and spiritual benefits, but has been criticized as pseudoscientific by medical professionals who have called it "dangerous", "quackery," and "in some cases lethal".
Thomas William Davis is an American financial executive. From 2005 to 2011, Davis was the head of external affairs and chief spokesperson of the Church of Scientology International and Senior Vice President at the Church of Scientology Celebrity Centre International from the early 1990s. Between 2011 and 2013, Davis did not make any media public appearances. In June 2013, it was revealed Davis and his wife had relocated from Gold Base in Riverside County, California, to Austin, Texas. He currently resides in Los Angeles.
Recognition of Scientology and the Church of Scientology varies from country to country with respect to state recognition for religious status, charitable status, or tax exempt status. Decisions are contingent upon the legal constructs of each individual country, and results are not uniform worldwide. For example, the absence of a clear definition for 'religion' or 'religious worship' has resulted in unresolved and uncertain status for Scientology in some countries.
Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices invented by the American author L. Ron Hubbard, and an associated movement. It is variously defined as a cult, a business, a religion, or a scam. Hubbard initially developed a set of ideas that he called Dianetics, which he represented as a form of therapy. An organization that he established in 1950 to promote it went bankrupt, and Hubbard lost the rights to his book Dianetics in 1952. He then recharacterized his ideas as a religion, likely for tax purposes, and renamed them Scientology. By 1954, he had regained the rights to Dianetics and founded the Church of Scientology, which remains the largest organization promoting Scientology. There are practitioners independent of the Church, in what is referred to as the Free Zone. Estimates put the number of Scientologists at under 40,000 worldwide.
Kurt Weiland is a native of Austria and an executive in the Church of Scientology International. He is director of external affairs for the Church of Scientology's Office of Special Affairs, and Scientology's vice president of communications. He is a member of the organization's board of directors, and handles government, legal and public affairs for Scientology. He has often represented Scientology to the press as a media spokesman. Weiland works out of the Church of Scientology's offices in Los Angeles, California.
Scientology in the United Kingdom is practised mainly within the Church of Scientology and its related groups which go under names including "Hubbard Academy of Personal Independence" and "Dianetics and Scientology Life Improvement Centre". The national headquarters, and former global headquarters, is Saint Hill Manor at East Grinstead, which for seven years was the home of L. Ron Hubbard, the pulp fiction author who created Scientology. In the 2021 census, there were 1,844 individuals in England and Wales who listed themselves as Scientologists in their census returns, almost half of which lived in the area around East Grinstead in West Sussex, which hosts the British Scientology Headquarters at Saint Hill Manor. This is a decline of just under a quarter since census day, 2011.
The Church of Scientology of France is organized as a group of secular nonprofit organizations. France is a secular state, which protects the rights of citizens to practice their religion. Although citizens can form religious associations based on the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, which grants certain benefits, the Church of Scientology of France is instead organized into secular associations based on a 1901 law regarding nonprofit groups.
Scientology was founded in the United States by science fiction author L. Ron Hubbard and is now practiced in many other countries.
The Church of Scientology network operates as a multinational conglomerate of companies with personnel, executives, organizational charts, chains of command, policies and orders.
Religious Technology Center is the most powerful executive organization within the Scientology empire, and its current chairman, David Miscavige, is widely recognized as the effective head of the church.