List of Soviet Union military equipment of World War II

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The following is a list of Soviet military equipment of World War II which includes firearms, artillery, vehicles, aircraft and warships. World War II was the deadliest war in history which started in 1939 and ended in 1945. Following political instability built-up in Europe from 1930, Nazi Germany, which aimed to dominate Europe, attacked Poland on 1 September 1939 marking the official start of World War II. The USSR (Soviet Union) used Poland as a buffer from Germany from 17 September 1939, when the Polish state and its government actually ceased to exist. Germany with its allies attacked the USSR on 22 June 1941, and the country lost 26.6 million people during four years of the Great Patriotic war. The war in Europe ended on 7 May 1945 with the capitulation of Germany to the allied (including Soviet) forces. About 80-90% of losses during the entire war the German armed forces suffered on the Soviet (Eastern) front, whose contribution to the victory was decisive. By the end of the war, the Soviet Union produced 30.3 million rifles; 1.476 million machine guns; 516,648 artillery guns; 347,900 mortars; 119,769 tanks and self-propelled guns; 265,600 army trucks; 213,742 military aircraft; 2 cruisers; 25 destroyers; 52 submarines. [1]

Contents

Helmets

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
SSh-36 Combat helmet Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union STAL'NOI ShLEM (KASKA) obr. 1936 g..jpg It was designed by Aleksandr A. Shvartz, and began production in 1936 to 1941
SSh-39 Combat helmetFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Ssh39exterior.jpg The SSh-39 was of simple, more modern design, and was much easier to manufacture than the SSh-36. The SSh-39 would be the standard design for Soviet helmets for the next 29 years, with only minor changes occurring during that time.
SSh-40 Combat helmetFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Parad Pobedy na Krasnoi ploshchadi 24 iiunia 1945 g. (16).jpg The SSh-40 was most commonly seen in-service helmet used by the Soviet Union during World War II

Body Armour

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
Steel Bib Body Armour Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Stalynoi Nagrudnik.JPG Steel breastplate, or Stalnoi Nagrudnik (Russian: Стальной нагрудник) is a type of body armor similar to a cuirass developed by the Red Army in World War II.

Knives

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
NR-40 Combat knife Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Knife nr40 ussr.jpg
Soviet combat knife that was produced after the Winter War in 1940.
AVS-36 Bayonet/KnifeFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Zoom AVS-36 for bayonet.jpg
Soviet bayonet knife issued with the AVS-36 automatic rifle. The fact that the AVS-36 was used in very limited numbers; most without the bayonet; made it very rare.

Small arms

Revolvers and pistols

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
Nagant M1895 Revolver 7.62×38mmR Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire Nagant M1894.JPG 7-round cylinder.
Tokarev TT-33 Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Tokarev TT33 (6825679152).jpg 8-round magazine. Widely used by officers, did not fully replace the Nagant M1895.
Mauser C96 Semi-automatic pistol 7.63×25mm Mauser Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire Mauser C96 7,63 (6971794467).jpg 10-round internal magazine. Small amount captured from German forces.
Korovin pistol semi-automatic pistol .25 ACP Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union TK .25 Auto.jpg 8-round detachable box magazine
M1911 pistol Semi-automatic pistol .45 ACP Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States M1911A1.png 8-round detachable box magazine. Some were captured during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and put to use. [2] [3] During WW2, the USA's Lend-Lease provided 12,977 extra Colt pistols. [4]

Rifles, sniper rifles and battle rifles

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
Mosin–Nagant M1891/30 Bolt-action rifle / Sniper rifle (with 3.5× PU scope attached) 7.62×54mmR Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Mosin nagant m9130 from cia.jpeg 5-round internal magazine. Most widely used bolt-action rifle by the Red Army.
Mosin–Nagant M1938 Carbine Bolt-action rifle7.62×54mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Mosin-Nagant karbin m1938 Ryssland - AM.032891.jpg 5-round internal magazine.
Mosin–Nagant M1944 Carbine Bolt-action rifle7.62×54mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 5-round internal magazine.
Tokarev SVT-38 Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×54mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SVT-38 - Ryssland - AM.045576.jpg 10-round magazine.
Tokarev SVT-40 Semi-automatic rifle / Sniper rifle (with 3.5× PU scope attached)7.62×54mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SVT-40 - Ryssland - AM.032865.jpg 10-round magazine. Most widely used semi-automatic rifle by the Red Army.
Fedorov Avtomat Battle rifle 6.5×50mmSR Arisaka Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire Avtomat M1916 Fedorov.JPG 25-round magazine. Deployed during the Winter War from stockpiles due to a shortage of submachine guns. [5]
Simonov AVS-36 Battle rifle7.62×54mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union AVS-36 - Ryssland - AM.123596.jpg 15-round magazine. Produced from 1934 to 1940, it was mostly withdrawn in 1941 due to issues. Used primarily during the Winter War.
Tokarev AVT-40 Battle rifle7.62×54mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SVT-40 - Ryssland - AM.032865.jpg 10-round magazine. Modified SVT-40 with a different firing selector. Produced from May 1942 until halted in the summer of 1943 due to mostly uncontrollable automatic fire and breakage.

Submachine guns

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
PPD-34 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm TokarevFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PPD-34.JPG 25-round magazine. Based and adapted from the Suomi KP/-31, was not produced in larger quantities until 1937–1939.
PPD-34/38 / PPD-40 Submachine gun7.62×25mm TokarevFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PPD-34-38 SMG.JPG 71-round magazine.
PPSh-41 Submachine gun7.62×25mm TokarevFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PPSh-41 from soviet.jpg 35, 71-round magazine. Most widely used Soviet submachine gun.
PPS-42 / PPS-43 Submachine gun7.62×25mm TokarevFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PPS-43 Soviet 7.62 mm submachine gun.jpg 35-round magazine.
Thompson M1928A1 Submachine gun.45 ACPFlag of the United States (23px).png  United States Submachine gun M1928 Thompson.jpg 20, 30, 50-round magazine. 137,790 supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.
M50 Reising Submachine gun.45 ACPFlag of the United States (23px).png  United States Model-50.jpg 12, 30-round magazine. Supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.

Machine guns

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
DP-27 Light machine gun 7.62×54mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Deactivated DP-27SKh at ARMS & Hunting 2015.jpg 47-round magazine. Most widely used light machine gun by the Red Army.
DS-39 Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Degtyaryov DS-39 machine gun in Tula State Arms Museum - 2016 01.jpg 250-round belt.
SG-43 Gorunov Medium machine gun7.62×54mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SG-43 Goryunov machine gun in Tula State Arms Museum - 2016 01.jpg 200, 250-round belt.
PM M1910 Heavy machine gun 7.62×54mmRFlag of Russia.svg Russian Empire Muzei istorii donetskoi militsii 062.jpg 250-round belt.
DShK 1938 Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Kiev ukraine 966 army museum (18) (5869956228).jpg 50-round belt.
Bren Gun Light Machine Gun 303 British Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Bren1.jpg 30-round detachable box magazine. 2487 supplied by the British Empire during the Lend-Lease program, many mounted on Universal Carriers.
Maxim-Tokarev Light Machine Gun 7.62×54mmR Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Tokarev-s-synom.jpg belt-feed, 100 rounds belt

Prototype Firearms

Explosives, hand-held anti-tank and incendiary weapons

Grenades and grenade launchers

NameTypeDiameterOriginPhotoNotes
Model 1914 grenade Fragmentation grenade 45mmFlag of Russia.svg Russian Empire
Russian hand grenade model 1914.JPG
Limited usage during World War II.
F1 grenade Fragmentation grenade55mm Soviet Union F1 grenade travmatik com 01 by-sa.jpg Widely produced grenade. Nicknamed the "limonka" (lemon).
RG-41 Fragmentation grenade55mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
RG-41.png
5 meter kill radius.
RG-42 Fragmentation grenade54mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
RG-42 grenade Navy.jpg
Produced in 1942 to replace the complex RGD-33. Soviet partisans made copies of it when they were located behind enemy lines.
RGD-33 grenade Fragmentation grenade45mm, 54mm (with fragmentation sleeve)Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Soviet RGD-33 hand grenade with fragmentation jacket.jpg
10–15 meter kill radius.
RPG-40 / RPG-41 Anti-tank grenade 20 cmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Soviet RPG-40 anti-tank grenade.JPG
Effective against tanks up to 20mm of armour.
RPG-43 Anti-tank grenade95mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
RPG--43.svg
Improved version of the RPG-40. Effective against tanks up to 75mm of armour.
RPG-6 Anti-tank grenade103mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
RPG-6.png
Improved version of the RPG-43. Effective against tanks up to 100mm of armour.
Dyakonov grenade launcher Grenade launcher 40.5mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Rifle grenade launcher Mosin-Nagant 2.JPG
Grenade launcher attachment for Mosin-Nagant rifle. There were four other versions of the grenade besides the main high explosive one.

Mines

NameTypeDetonationOriginPhotoNotes
TM-35 mine Anti-tank mine PressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Soviet TM-35 mine at the Museum on Sapun Mountain in Sevastopol.jpg 2.8 kg of TNT.
TM-38 Anti-tank minePressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Russian - TM-38 landmine.jpg
TM-41 mine Anti-tank minePressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union TM-41 2 (ORDATA).jpg 3.9 kg of Amatol or TNT, short cylinder with the entire top surface being used as a pressure plate.
TM-44 mine Anti-tank minePressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union TM-41 4 (ORDATA).jpg 5.4 kg of Amatol, broadly similar to the earlier, smaller, TM-41 mine.
TMD-40 mine Anti-tank minePressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 3.6 kg of Amatol.
TMD-44 / TMD-B mines Anti-tank minePressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union TMD-B Antitank mine.jpg 9–9.7 kg of Amatol.

Recoilless rifles

NameTypeCalibreOriginPhotoNotes
76 K/DRP Recoilless rifle 76mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 76mm DRP recoilless gun.JPG Used during the Winter War. It was designed by L.V. Kurchevsky in 1930 and entered service in 1932. It was able to be mounted on GAZ-A trucks, becoming SU-4 self-propelled guns. [6]

Infantry anti-tank rifles and rocket launchers

NameTypeCalibreOriginPhotoNotes
PTRD-41 Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PTRD rifle at Great Patriotic War museum in Smolensk.jpg Single-shot reloadable rifle.
PTRS-41 Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PTRS 41.jpg 5-round internal magazine.
M1 Bazooka Recoilless anti-tank rocket launcher60 mmFlag of the United States (23px).png  United States Bazookasmithsonian.jpg Single-shot reloadable launcher. 3,000 supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.
PIAT Anti-tank projectile launcher83mmFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom PIAT cropped.jpg Single-shot reloadable launcher. 1,000 supplied by the British Empire during the Lend-Lease program.
Panzerschreck Anti-tank rocket launcher88mm Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg Nazi Germany 1668 - Salzburg - Festung Hohensalzburg - Panzerschreck und Panzerfaust.JPG Single-shot reloadable launcher. Captured from German forces.
Panzerfaust Anti-tank recoilless gun149mm Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg Nazi Germany Panzerfaust Mikkeli.JPG Single-shot disposable launcher. Some were captured in 1944, while many were captured in 1945 from retreating German soldiers and Volkssturm.

Flamethrowers and anti-tank incendiaries

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
FOG-2 Flamethrower Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union From 1941, around 15,000 were produced and used during World War 2.
ROKS-2 / ROKS-3 FlamethrowerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union ROKS-2 flamethrower.JPG Produced from 1935 to 1945. Used also during the Soviet-Finnish War (1941–1944).
Molotov cocktail Improvised incendiary bottle Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Molotovin cocktail.jpg
Improvised incendiary bottles that were thrown at armoured vehicles. Invented by the Spanish Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. First widely used by Finnish troops against the Soviets during the Winter War.
Ampulomyot Incendiary anti-tank ampulla-throwerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 125 mm ampoule thrower finnish army test.jpg 125mm incendiary spherical glass projectile. Use of it was limited in 1941, and became obsolete by 1942.
Zuckermann's bottle-thrower Incendiary anti-tank bottle launcherFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Attachment for Mosin-Nagant rifles. Special bottles with incendiary mixtures were used. The bottles were produced in 1942, but became obsolete once Red Army troops were equipped with more anti-tank guns and rifles.

Artillery

Light and heavy infantry mortars

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
RM-38 50mm Infantry mortar Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
50mm Company Mortar M1938 (RM-38).jpg
Light infantry mortar.
82-BM-37 82mm Infantry mortarFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Zagan 82 mm mozdzierz wz 37.jpg
Light infantry mortar.
M1938 mortar 120mm Heavy mortarFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
2009-11-22-seelower-hoehen-by-Ralf-10.jpg
Heavy infantry mortar.
107mm M1938 mortar 107mm Infantry mortarFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
107 mm mozdzierz wz 38 tyl.jpg
It was a lighter version of the M1938 mortar made for Soviet mountain troops.

Rocket launchers

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
BM-13 "Katyusha"132mm Multiple rocket launcher Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Katyusha Rocket Launcher - Artillery Museum - St. Petersburg - Russia.jpg Most widely used multiple rocket launcher by the Red Army. It became known as "Stalin's organ" by German soldiers.
BM-8 82mm Multiple rocket launcherFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Military equipment in the UMMC museum - 15.jpeg Smaller rocket launchers that were mounted on T-40 and T-60 light tanks.
BM-31 "Andryusha"300mm Multiple rocket launcherFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BM-31-12 on ZIS-12 chassis at the Museum on Sapun Mountain Sevastopol 4.jpg Heavy rocket launcher with 12 rocket tubes which used the chassis of a ZIS-12 and the American Lend-Lease Studebaker US6 U3 truck.

Vehicular guns

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
45mm 20-K tank gun 45mm Anti-tank gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 45mm M1932 parola 1.jpg Many tanks and other armoured vehicles later used it as their main armament.
57mm ZiS-4 tank gun 57mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Zis2 nn.jpg The main armament of the T-34-57, saw very limited usage in combat.
76.2 mm L-10 tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T28 parola 4.jpg The main armament of the T-28 tank.
L-11 76.2 mm tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-34 Model 1940.jpg The main armament of the T-34 Model 1940 tank.
F-32 tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union KV1 1940 (23807458629).jpg The main armament of the KV-1 Model 1940 tank.
F-34 tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-34-76 RB6.JPG The main armament of T-34-76 and KV-1 tanks.
D-5T tank gun Developed from 85mm M1939 (52-K) air-defence gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SU-85 tank destroyer at the Muzeum Polskiej Techniki Wojskowej in Warsaw.jpg Main armament of the T34-85 (until March 1944), SU-85 and KV-85.
ZiS-S-53 tank gun Developed from 85mm M1939 (52-K) air-defence gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Foto T-34-85 obraztsa 1944 goda na postamente v Kurske.jpg Main armament of T34-85 from March 1944; also used on T-44.
D-10 tank gun 100mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Su-100 spatg.jpg The main armament of the SU-100 tank destroyer.

Field artillery

NameTypeOriginProductionPhotoNotes
76-mm regimental gun model 1927 Regimental gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Dec. 1928 – Dec. 1943: about 18,116 [7] Regimental gun 76mm 1927 Moscow 4.jpg The 76-mm regimental guns model 1927 together with the Soviet infantry passed the Battle of Lake Khasan and the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, the Winter War and the Great Patriotic War. During offensives, such regimental guns, which were respected by soldiers, had to follow by their crews directly in infantry combat formations in order to quickly suppress the enemy firepower, interfering with the advance of troops. Until 1941, the guns were produced at Kirov Plant in Leningrad, and in 1942–1943 - at Plant No. 172 in Perm.
76 mm regimental gun M1943 76mm Infantry support gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union OB-25 Moscow2.jpg
76 mm mountain gun M1909 76mm Mountain gunFlag of France.svg  France 76-mm mountain cannon model 1909 Schneider system 2.jpg It became obsolete after it was replaced with several other mountain guns.
76 mm mountain gun M1938 76mm Mountain gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 76mm mountain gun m1938 hameenlinna 1.jpg
76 mm divisional gun M1902/30 76mm Field gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 76.2 mm divisional gun M1902-30 L40 2.jpg
76 mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22) 76mm Field gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 76mm m1936 F22 gun Hameenlinna 1.jpg Used during the Winter War.
76 mm divisional gun M1939 (USV) 76mm Field gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 76mm f22 usv hameenlinna 1.jpg
76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3) 76mm Field gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3) 001.jpg Field gun first deployed in 1941, very well-liked by Soviet and German soldiers because of its reliability, durability, and accuracy/
100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) 100mm Field gun / Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Yad-Mordechai-battlefield-BS-3-1.jpg
107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60) 107mm Field gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union M60 Saint Petersburg 1a.jpg
107 mm gun M1910/30 107mm Field gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 107mm gun 1930.JPG
122 mm gun M1931 (A-19) 122mm Field gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 122mm m1931 gun hameenlinna 1.jpg
122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19) 122mm Field gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 122 mm gun (A-19) displayed at the Museum of Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol on Sapun Mountain.JPG
122 mm howitzer M1909/37 122mm Field howitzer Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 122mm model 09 37 hameenlinna 1.jpg
122 mm howitzer M1910/30 122mm Field howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 122mm model 10 30 helsinki 1.jpg
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) 122mm Field howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union VDVHistorymuseum-21.jpg
152 mm gun M1910/34 152mm Field gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 152mm m1910-34.jpg
152 mm gun M1935 (Br-2) 152mm Heavy gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 152mm m1935 gun 02.jpg It was used by the Red Army in the Battle of Kursk and Battle of the Seelow Heights.
152 mm howitzer M1909/30 152mm Field howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 152mm m09-30 fortress howitzer schneider 01.jpg Most numerously used 152mm howitzer by the Red Army.
152 mm howitzer M1910/37 152mm Field howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 152mm m10 schneider polevaja 1.jpg
152 mm howitzer M1938 (M-10) 152mm Field howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union M10 hameenlinna 2.jpg
152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1) 152mm Field howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union D1 howitzer kiev.jpg
152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20) 152mm Field howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Smolensk-War-Museum-39.jpg

Fortress and siege guns

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
152 mm gun M1910/30 152mm Field howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 152mm m1930 hameenlinna 1.jpg
203 mm howitzer M1931 (B-4) 203mm Heavy howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Belarus-Minsk-Museum of GPW Exhibition-2.jpg It was used by the Red Army in the Battle of Berlin.
210 mm gun M1939 (Br-17) 210mm Heavy howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Br-17 gun.jpg
280 mm mortar M1939 (Br-5) 280mm Heavy mortarFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 280mm mortar M1938-01.jpg
305 mm howitzer M1939 (Br-18) 305mm Superheavy siege howitzerFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Br-17 and br-18.jpg

Anti-tank guns

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
37 mm anti-tank gun M1930 (1-K) 37mm Anti-tank gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 37mm m1930 (1-K) gun.jpg The gun was closely related to the German PaK 35/36.
45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K) 45mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 45mm M1932 parola 1.jpg
45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K) 45mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Anti-tank gun 45mm m1937 parola 1.jpg
45 mm anti-tank gun M1942 (M-42) 45mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 45 mm anti-tank gun M1942 (M-42) Museum on Sapun Mountain Sevastopol 1.jpg
57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2) 57mm Anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Zis2 nn.jpg
100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) 100mm Anti-tank gun / Field gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Yad-Mordechai-battlefield-BS-3-1.jpg

Ground-based anti-aircraft weapons

Light anti-aircraft guns

NameTypeCalibreOriginPhotoNotes
DShK 1938 Heavy machine gun12.7×108mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Soviet DSHK Model 1938 12.7mm Heavy Machine Gun (9885042345).jpg
50-round belt.
25 mm automatic air defense gun M1940 (72-K) Air-defence gun25x218mmSRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 72-K.jpg
37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) Air-defence gun37×250mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 61-K anti-aircraft gun, 2007.jpg 200-rounds.
45 mm anti-aircraft gun (21-K) Semi-automatic air-defence gun45×386mmSRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 45 mm 21-K anti-aircraft gun Lennusadam 1.JPG It was used by the Soviet Navy for most of their ships from 1934 as its primary light anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the fully automatic 37 mm 70-K gun from 1942 to 1943.
37 mm 70-K gun Automatic air-defence gun37×250mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 37-mm avtomaticheskaia zenitnaia pushka obr. 1939 goda (1).jpg Naval version of 37mm M1939 (61-K).

Heavy anti-aircraft guns

NameTypeCalibreOriginPhotoNotes
76 mm air defense gun M1938 Semi-automatic air-defence gun76.2×558mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Pushka 13.jpg
85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K) Semi-automatic air-defence gun85×558mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 52-K.JPG It was successfully used against level bombers and medium/high altitude targets.

Armored fighting vehicles

Tankettes

NameTypeOriginQuantityPhotoNotes
T-27 Tankette Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2,157 (1941) T-27 tank.jpg The main armament was the 7.62mm DT light machine gun. Some were captured by Romanian forces.

Tanks

NameTypeOriginProductionPhotoNotes
T-18 (MS-1) Light tank Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union MS-1.jpg Based on the French Renault FT tank.
T-26 Light tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-26 muzei 2.jpg Interwar period light tank that became the most numerous tank during the German invasion.
T-37A Amphibious light tank Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-37A '2' - Patriot Museum, Kubinka (26645904419).jpg
T-38 Amphibious light tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-38 tank.JPG
T-40 Amphibious scout tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T40kub1.jpg
T-30Light tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T30kub1.jpg
T-50 Light infantry tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 0452 - Moskau 2015 - Panzermuseum Kubinka (25794943734).jpg
T-60 Light scout tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-60 'A - 2317' - Patriot Museum, Kubinka (24524755458).jpg Replacement of the obsolete T-38 and T-30 tanks.
T-70 Light tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-70, technical museum, Togliatti-1.jpg
BT-2 Light cavalry tank Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
BT-2 in the Kubinka Tank Museum 02.jpg
BT-5 Light cavalry tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Spanish BT-5.jpg
BT-7 Light cavalry tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BT - 5.jpg
T-24 Medium tank Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-24 tank.jpg
T-28 Medium tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T28 parola 1.jpg
T-34-76Medium tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T34 Munster.jpg One of the most widely used tanks in the Red Army. 35,120 were produced.
T-34-85 Medium tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Jan. 1944 – Dec. 1946: 25,914 (also under license - 2,736 in Czechoslovakia in 1951 – 1956 & 1,380 in Poland in 1952 – 1956) [8] Foto T-34-85 obraztsa 1944 goda na postamente v Kurske.jpg A development of a deep modernization of the T-34 medium tank (especially its armament) began in summer 1943. To combat new German Tiger I and Panther tanks, a powerful 85-mm ZIS-S-53 tank gun was mounted within a new larger turret for T-34. T-34-85 medium tanks were produced at Plants No. 112 (in Gorky), No. 183 (in Nizhny Tagil) and No. 174 (in Omsk).
T-35 Heavy tank Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union P68l.jpg During the war, they were slow and proved to be mechanically unreliable. 61 were produced.
SMK Heavy tank prototypeFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Char-Sergei-Mironovitch-Kirov.jpg Only one was produced, it was used during the Winter War. It was replaced by the KV tank series.
T-100 Heavy tank prototypeFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-100.jpg Two were produced. There were unsuccessful trial uses of it during the Winter War. It was replaced by the KV tank series.
KV-1 Heavy tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union KV-1 u dioramy <<Proryv blokady Leningrada>>. Vid speredi-sprava.JPG Known for its strong armour, it became known as the "Russischer Koloss" – "Russian Colossus" by the German Army.
KV-2 Heavy tank / Assault gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Kv-2 3.jpg The main armament was the 152mm howitzer. Due to its combat ineffectiveness, only 334 were produced .
KV-85 Heavy tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union KV-85 left side view.JPG It became the basis for the IS Series tanks.
IS-1 Heavy tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union IS 1 prototyp.jpg The IS series was a successor to the KV tank series. IS-1 was a prototype version, which had 130 produced.
IS-2 Heavy tankFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union IS-2 Cubinka 1.jpg 3,854 IS-2s were produced.

Self-propelled guns

NameTypeOriginProductionPhotoNotes
ZiS-30 Tank destroyer Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union A self-propelled gun based on Komsomolets tractor fitted with 57 mm ZiS-2 Anti-tank gun. Only 100 were built.
SU-5-1 / SU-5-2 / SU-5-3 Self-propelled gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Self-propelled gun SU-5-1.jpg A self-propelled gun that was on the T-26 light tank chassis. SU-5-1 was armed with the 76.2mm divisional gun mod. 1902/30. SU-5-2 was armed with the 122mm howitzer mod. 1910/30.
SU-5-3 Self-propelled gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SU5-2.jpg It was on the T-26 chassis. Equipped with the 152mm mortar M1931.
SU-14 Self-propelled gun prototypeFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Prototype of SU-14 in trial, 1934.jpg One was built as a prototype. The main armament was the 152 mm gun (U-30 or BR-2).
SU-100Y Self-propelled gun prototypeFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SAU SU-100-Y.jpg One prototype was made, based on the SU-100 tank and was used during the Winter War. The main armament was the 130mm Naval Gun B-13.
SU-26 Self-propelled gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SU-26.jpg Equipped with a 76 mm regimental gun M1927.
SU-76 / SU-76MLight self-propelled gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Dec. 1942 – Oct. 1945: 14,292 (560 SU-76 & 13,732 SU-76M) [9] Su76 nn.jpg The SU-76M was the second most produced Soviet AFV of World War II, after the T-34 medium tank. Developed under the leadership of chief designer S.A. Ginzburg (1900–1943). This infantry support SPG was based on the lengthened T-70 light tank chassis and armed with the ZIS-3 76-mm divisional field gun.
SU-85 Self-propelled gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SU-85 tank destroyer at the Muzeum Polskiej Techniki Wojskowej in Warsaw.jpg A modification of SU-122 self-propelled gun based on T-34's chassis, equipped with 85 mm D-5S cannon.
SU-100 Self-propelled gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Self-propelled artillery in Brest Fortress.jpg A modification of SU-85M that replaced its 85mm gun with 100 mm D-10S.
SU-122 Assault gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SU-122 TBiU 8.jpg A self-propelled gun version based on T-34's chassis, equipped with 122 mm M-30S Howitzer.
SU-152 Assault gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-154-1964-28, Russland, russischer Panzer.jpg Self-propelled gun based on KV-1S's chassis, equipped with 152 mm ML-20S howitzer.
ISU-122 Assault gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union ISU-122 skos RB.jpg A rearmed ISU-152 with 122 mm A-19S for ISU-122 and D-25S for ISU-122S.
ISU-152 Assault gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Isu152 Kubinka.jpg Same role and armament as SU-152 but with IS-1's chassis

Wheeled anti-tank self-propelled guns

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
SU-4 Wheeled self-propelled anti-tank gun Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SU-4 01.jpg On the chassis of an extended GAZ-A. It was equipped with a 76 K/DRP recoilless gun.
SU-12 Wheeled self-propelled anti-tank gunFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union GAZ-AAA vo Vladivostoke f1.JPG On the chassis of a GAZ-AAA. It was equipped with a 76 mm regimental gun M1927.

Tracked anti-aircraft guns

NameTypeCalibreOriginPhotoNotes
SU-11 Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 37×250mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union ZSU SU-11.jpg It was equipped with the 37mm automatic air defence gun (61-К).
ZSU-37 Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun37×250mmRFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Zsu-37.jpg It was equipped with the 37mm automatic air defence gun (61-К).

Armoured cars

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
BA-27 Armoured carFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BA-27M in the Kubinka Museum.jpg First Soviet series-produced armoured car. The main armament was the 37mm Puteaux SA 18. Some were captured during the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
D-8 Armoured car Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union D-8 Armored Car.jpg The main armament was two 7.62 DT light machine guns. It was used during the Winter War.
FAI Armoured carFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Fai 6.jpg Replacement for the D-8 armoured car. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.
BA-I Armoured carFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BA-I armored car with radio on test drive.jpg Its main armament was the 37mm 7K gun. The design of the BA-I started a series of heavy armoured cars of Izhorsky plant. These included: BA-3, BA-6, BA-9, and BA-10.
BA-3 Armoured carFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union The main armament was the 45mm gun 20-K.
BA-6 Armoured carFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Broneavtomobil' BA-6 - MVSV-2008 02.jpg Very similar to the BA-3. Both were used against the Japanese in the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol, in the Finnish Winter War, and against the Germans in the early stages of the Eastern Front.
BA-10 Armoured carFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Verkhnyaya Pyshma Tank Museum 2015 014.jpg The main armament was the 45mm gun 20-K.
BA-11 Armoured carFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BA-11 vid sboku 4.jpg The main armament was the 45mm gun 20-K.
BA-20 Armoured carFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Ba-20 armored car.jpg Special armoured version of the GAZ-M1 passenger car. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.
BA-64 Armoured scout car Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BA-64 in Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin.JPG Based and adapted from a captured German Sd.Kfz. 221. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.

Half-tracks

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
BA-30 Half-tracked armored car Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BA-30 armored car.jpg A small number of them were produced. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.
M5 Half-tracked armoured personnel carrier Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States M5 inter.jpg Received 450 during World War II through Lend-Lease.

Improvised armoured fighting vehicles

NameTypeOriginDeliveryPhotoNotes
NI tank Improvised fighting vehicle Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Na KhTZ-16.jpg NI tank was a Soviet improvised fighting vehicle, based on an STZ-3 agricultural tractor, manufactured in Odessa during the Siege of Odessa in World War II
KhTZ-16 Improvised fighting vehicle Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Fortepan 229606.jpg KhTZ-16 was a Soviet improvised fighting vehicle of the Second World War, built on the chassis of an STZ-3 tractor.

Armoured trains

NameTypeOriginDeliveryPhotoNotes
Tula Armoured Train Armoured train Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Mockup of the Tula worker armoured train.jpg

Lend-Lease tanks and SPGs

NameTypeOriginDeliveryPhotoNotes
M3A1 (Stuart III) Light tank Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1,233 M3 serial 1.JPG From 1941 to 1945, 1,676 were supplied by the United States as a part of the Lend-Lease. [10] 443 were lost at sea.
M5 (Stuart VI) Light tankFlag of the United States (23px).png  United States 5 Bear of Kinmen at Guningtou Battle Museum 20021010.jpg 5 were supplied. [10]
M24 Chaffee Light tankFlag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2 M24 Chaffee 33314 4CV pic07.JPG 2 were supplied in 1944. [10]
M4 Sherman Medium tank Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 4,102 Sovetskie tanki M4 <<Sherman>> v osvobozhdennom gorode Brno.jpeg 4,102 were suppiled, of these, 2,007 were the original 75 mm main gun model, 2,095 were with 76 mm tank gun. [11]
Valentine tank Infantry tank Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 3,462 Valentine Mk.IX.jpg 2,074 supplied by the UK, 1,388 supplied by Canada. 320 were lost at sea by both countries.
T48 Gun Motor Carriage
(SU-57)
Tank destroyer Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 650 SU-57 '211' - Victory Park, Moscow (26956855649).jpg 650 were supplied. [10] On the chassis of the M3 Half-track equipped with a 57mm gun M1. It was designated as the SU-57 by the Soviet military.

Motor vehicles

Trucks

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
GAZ-AA Truck Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 1928 Ford Model AA Truck FLW963.jpg Soviet produced vehicle licensed from the Ford AA model of 1930.
GAZ-AAA TruckFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union GAZ-AAA vo Vladivostoke f5.JPG
GAZ-MM TruckFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union GAZ-MM.JPG
ZIS-5 TruckFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union ZIS-5 truck 1933.JPG

Passenger/utility vehicles

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
GAZ-64 Light utility vehicle Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Gaz-64.JPG 2,500 were produced during the war. The focus switched to building armoured BA-64s, with the availability of American made Jeeps.
GAZ-67 Light utility vehicleFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union GAZ 67B-5116.JPG
GAZ-M1 Passenger car Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Sevastopol Victory Day Parade GAZ-M1 IMG 1572 1725.jpg

Lend-Lease vehicles

NameTypeOriginDeliveryPhotoNotes
Dodge 3/4-ton WC series (Dodge 3/4) Light military utility truck Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1942 – 1945: 24,902 (sent to USSR) [12] Verkhnyaya Pyshma Tank Museum 2011 118 (cropped).jpg Dodge WC series were one of the most popular vehicles during World War II. These U.S. military four-wheel drive vehicles (weapons carriers) were supplied to USSR under a Lend-Lease program mainly in two variants – with or without front winch (WC52 and WC51). With a payload of 750 kg (3/4 t), these 4 х 4 off-road vehicles with two seater open cab, multipurpose bed and canvas cover were intermediate between jeeps and trucks.

Motorcycles

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
PMZ-A-750 Heavy motorcycle Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PMZ-A-750.jpg The first heavy motorcycle manufactured in the Soviet Union. Used during the Winter War with unsatisfactory results.
TIZ-AM-600Heavy motorcycleFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Used during the Winter War with unsatisfactory results, it was considered an outdated design.
M-72 Heavy motorcycleFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Russia-1999-stamp-M-72.jpg Motorcycle meant to replace the PMZ-A-750 and TIZ-AM-600. In the Eastern Front, motorcycles were produced at both the IMZ and GMZ motorcycle plants. All sidecars for both the M-72 and American Lend-Lease bikes were produced at the GMZ.

Tractors & prime movers

NameTypeOriginPhotoNotes
S-60 Artillery tractor Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union S-60 monument in Inzhenerne, Zaporizhia Oblast (cropped).jpg Heavy tractor with a strong engine meant to haul artillery.
S-65 Tractor Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Traktor <<Stalinets>> S-65.jpg Replacement of the S-60 for towing heavy weapons. Many of these and S-60s were captured by the German Army during their invasion.
T-20 Artillery tractorFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Mikkeli Infantry museum 2.jpg These were most often used to haul artillery, carry troops, and unintentionally as a Tankette/Gun Carrier/APC. It was used during the Winter War and the first half of World War 2. They were often captured by the German Army and fitted with Pak guns.

Engineering and command

Miscellaneous vehicles

Aircraft

Fighter aircraft

NameTypeOriginProductionPhotoNotes
Yak-9 Fighter Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Oct. 1942 – Dec. 1948: 16,769 (14,579 during WWII) [13] Yakolev Yak-9U (c-n 1257) (39004376092).jpg Yak-9 was mass-produced in different variants (front-line fighters mainly, fighter-bomber, high-altitude interceptor etc.) at three Soviet large aircraft plants - in Novosibirsk, Omsk and Moscow. Yak-9 was developed from the earlier Yak-1 and Yak-7 fighters of A.S. Yakovlev Design Bureau. Used in all major World War II operations of the Red Army, starting with the Battle of Stalingrad in autumn 1942.

Rockets and bombs

See also

Related Research Articles

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