List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans

Last updated November 10, 2021

This is a list of Consorts of the Ottoman sultans, the wives and concubines of the monarchs of the Ottoman Empire who ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.

Honorific and titles

Hatun

Hatun (Ottoman Turkish : خاتون‎) was used as an honorific for women in the Ottoman period, roughly equivalent to the English term Lady . The term was being used for the Ottoman sultan's consorts. When the son of one of the consorts ascended the throne she became Valide Hatun (Mother of Sultan).

Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a word of Arabic origin, originally meaning "authority" or "dominion". By the beginning of the 16th century, the title of sultan, carried by both men and women of the Ottoman dynasty, was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably hatun for women and bey for men), with imperial women carrying the title of "Sultan" after their given names. Consequently, the title "Valide Hatun" also turned into "Valide Sultan". In this time, the title "Haseki Sultan" was created and used for the legal wife or Chief Consort of the Ottoman Sultan. For example, Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman's mother and first Valide Sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman's legal wife and first Haseki Sultan. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.^[1] Towards the end of the seventeenth century the title hatun and sultan for imperial consorts was replaced by Kadın and Ikbal.

Kadın

Kadın (Ottoman Turkish : قادين‎) was the title given to the official wives of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The title officially first came in use during the reign of Sultan Suleiman II. The Sultan could have up to four and some times five women i.e. wives with the imperial rank of Kadın and unlimited number of wives with the rank of Ikbal.

Ikbal

Ikbal (Ottoman Turkish : اقبال‎) was the title given to the official consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of Kadın.

Consorts of the Ottoman sultans

Name	Parent(s)	Birth name	Origin	Place of Origin	Marriage	Spouse
Malhun Hatun	Ömer Abdülaziz Bey (disputed) ^[2]	Mal	Turkish	Anatolia	1280	Osman I
Rabia Bala Hatun	Sheikh Edebali (disputed)	Rabia	Turkish		1289	Osman I
Nilüfer (Bayalun) Hatun	Porphyrogennetos of Yahisar	Holofira/Olivera	Greek	Bilecik, Byzantine Empire	1299	Orhan I
Asporça Hatun		Asporsha	Greek	Byzantine Empire	1316
Theodora Hatun	Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos Empress Irene Asanina	Theodora Kantakouzene	Greek	Byzantine Empire	May 1346
Eftandise Hatun	Mahmud Alp		Turkish
Gülçiçek Hatun		Maria	Greek	Byzantine Empire	1359	Murad I
Paşa Melîke Hatun	Kızıl Murad Bey	Pasha	Turkish		?
Thamara Hatun	Emperor Ivan Alexander Theodora ^[3]	Kera Tamara	Bulgarian	Bulgarian Empire	1370
Fülane Hâtûn	Konstantin Dejanović		Serb	Serbian Empire	1372	Bayezid I
Sultan Hatun	Süleyman of Germiyan Mutahhare Abide Hatun	Devletşah	Turkish	Kütahya, Germinayid Principality	1378
Hafsa Hatun	Fahreddin İsa Bey	Hâfize	Turkish	Birgi, Aydinid Principality	1390
Olivera Despina	Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović Princess Nemanjić	Mileva Olivera Lazarević	Serbian	Kruševac, Serbia	1390
Şehzade Hatun	Prince Dividdar Ahmed Bey		Turkish	Amasya, Kutluşah Principality		Mehmed I
Emine Hatun	Prince Nasıreddin Mehmed Bey	Emine	Turkish	Elbistan, Dulkadirid Principality	1403
Kumru Hatun
Yeni Hatun	Prince Amasyalı Mahmud-Şâh Bey		Turkish	Amasya, Tâceddin Principality		Murad II
Sultan Hatun (wife of Murad II)	Prince Izzeddin Isfendiyar Bey	Hatice Halime	Turkish	Kastamonu, Isfendiyarid Principality	1423
Hüma Hatun		Stella (?)	Italian^[4] or Serb^[5]	Europe	1426
Despina Hatun	Despot Đurađ Branković Princess Eirene Kantakouzene ^[6]	Mara Branković	Serb	Serbian Despotate	4 September 1435
Gülbahar Hatun			Albanian or Greek	Albania or Greece	1446	Mehmed II
Gülşah Hatun	Prince Damat Ibrahim II Bey		Turkish	Mut, Karamanid Principality	1451
Sittişah Hatun	Prince Süleyman Bey	Mükrime	Turkish	Elbistan, Dulkadirid Principality	15 December 1449
Hatice Hatun	Damat Zağanos Paşa	Hatice	Balkan		1451
Çiçek Hatun					1458
Nigar Hatun	Abdullah Vehbi				?	Bayezid II
Şirin Hatun					1464
Bülbül Hatun					1465
Gülbahar Hatun	Abd'üs-Samed^{[ citation needed ]} or Prince Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey	Ayşe	Turkish	Elbistan, Dulkadirid Principality	1469
Gülruh Hatun	Abd'ül-Hay				1476
Hüsnüşah Hatun	Prince Nasuh Bey		Turkish	Mut, Karamanid Principality	?
Ferahşad Hatun					?
Muhtereme Hatun	Abd'ül-Hay				?
Hafsa Valide Sultan					1494	Selim I
Mahidevran Hatun	Mirza Haydar Temruk Bey (?) Nazcan Hatun (?) Abdullah Recai (?)	Malkhurub Bahar Idarovna (?)	Albanian or Circassian ^[7]	Albania or Georgia		Suleiman I
Hürrem Sultan	Ruthenian Priest Havrylo Lisowski Leksandra Lisowska	Alexandra/ Anastasia Lisowska	Ukrainian	Rohatyn, Kingdom of Poland	June 1531 (Legal marriage)	Suleiman I
Nurbanu Sultan ^[8]	Nicolò Venier (?) Violanta Baffo (?)	Cecilia/Olivia Venier-Baffo, Rachel or Kalē Kartanou	Italian? Jew? Greek?	Páros?, Cyclades Islands, Republic of Venice	7 September 1566 (Legal marriage)	Selim II
Safiye Sultan			Albanian	Dukagjin highlands, Sanjak of Scutari		Murad III
Şahıhuban Hatun
Nazperver Hatun	Doamna Chiajna Mircea Ciobanul	Dobra	Romanian	Țara Românească
Şemsiruhsar Hatun
Handan Sultan		Helena (?)	Bosnian? Greek?	Bosnia? Greece?	1589	Mehmed III
Halime Sultan			Abaza	Caucasus	1589	Mehmed III
Mahfiruz Hatun	Mirza Alkas Bey (?) Feride Solokhov Lakerbia (?)	Hatice Alkasovna or Eudoxia	North Caucasus or South Greece		1603	Ahmed I
Kösem Sultan	Greek Orthodox priest	Anastasia	Greek	Tinos, Greece	15 November 1617 (Legal marriage)	Ahmed I
Ayşe Sultan		Ayşe			January 1620	Osman II
Akile Hatun	Şeyhülislam Esad Efendi	Rukiye		Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	7 February 1622 (Legal marriage)	Osman II
Ayşe Sultan			Greek?			Murad IV
Sanavber Hatun						Murad IV
Turhan Sultan			East Slavic			Ibrahim I
Aşub Sultan		Katarina (?)	Serb	Serbia	1641
Muazzez Sultan		Eva (?)	Polish Jew	Poland	1642
Ayşe Sultan		Ayşe			1643
Mahienver Sultan			Circassian		1644
Saçıbağı Sultan		Leyla	Circassian	North Caucasus	1645
Şivekar Sultan		Meryem/Maria	Armenian	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1646
Hümaşah Sultan		Hümaşah	Circassian	Caucasus	1647 (Legal marriage)
Gülnuş Sultan	Greek Orthodox priest	Evmania Voria	Greek	Rethymno, Crete, Republic of Venice	4 August 1683 (Legal marriage)	Mehmed IV
Hatice Kadın						Suleiman II
Behzad Kadın
Ivaz Kadın
Sülün Kadın
Şehsuvar Kadın
Zeyneb Kadın
Rabia Sultan	Unknown		Bulgaria			Ahmed II
Alicenab Kadın						Mustafa II
Bahtiyar Kadın
Saliha Sultan		Elizaveta	Serb	Serbia
Ivaz Kadın
Şehsuvar Sultan				Rumelia
Afife Kadın
Emetullah Kadın						Ahmed III
Rukiye Kadın
Mihrişah Kadın					19 April 1709
Hatice Kadın
Şermi Kadın			Unknown
Zeyneb Kadın
Musall Kadın		Emine
Hanife Kadın
Gülşen Kadın
Ümmügülsüm Kadın
Hürrem Kadın
Meyli Kadın
Hümaşah Kadın		Fatma
Nijad Kadın
Nazife Kadın
Hatem Hanım
Alicenab Kadın						Mahmud I
Verdinaz Kadın
Rami Kadın
Hatem Kadın
Leyla Kadın						Osman III
Zevki Kadın
Ferhunde Kadın		Emine
Aynülhayat Kadın						Mustafa III
Mihrişah Sultan	Georgian Orthodox priest	Agnes	Abkhazia	Caucasus	1760
Rifat Kadın					1759
Adilşah Kadın		Ayşe			1765
Ayşe Kadın		Ayşe				Abdul Hamid I
Hümaşah Kadın					1775
Ruhşah Kadın		Hatice
Muteber Kadın
Şebsefa Kadın					1781
Mehtabe Kadın
Sineperver Sultan					1776
Nakşidil Sultan			Georgian	Georgia
Nefizar Kadınefendi						Selim III
Hüsnümah Kadın
Zibifer Kadın
Nurişems Kadın
Tabısafa Kadın
Şevkinur Kadın						Mustafa IV
Seyyare Kadın						Mustafa IV
					1808	Mahmud II
Mislinayab Kadın
Ebrureftar Kadın
Zernigar Kadın					1825
Bezmiâlem Sultan			Abkhazia	Abkhazia	1822
Aşubcan Kadın					1808
Nurtab Kadın
Hoşyar Kadın					1811
Pervizifelek Kadın					1823
Lebrizifelek Hanım
Hüsnimelek Hanım
Tiryal Hanım					1826
Pertevniyal Sultan		Persida	Romanian	Romania	1830
Servetseza Kadın	Prince Mansur Temruko Princess Fülane Dadeşkeliani	Temruko	Circassian	Maykop, Russia	1837	Abdulmejid I
Tirimüjgan Kadın	Bekhan Bey Almaş Hanım	Virijinia	Armenian	North Caucasus	1840
Düzdidil Kadın	Şıhım Dişan Princess Fülane Çaçba	Ayşe Dişan	Ubykh	North Caucasus	2 October 1842
Şevkefza Kadın	Mehmed Zaurum Cemile Hanım	Zaurum	Abkhazia(country) Abkhazia	Gagra, Abkhazia	1 August 1839
Zeynifelek Hanım	Prince Aslan Klıç Princess Şaşa Loo	Klıç	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	1841
Gülcemal Kadın		Hatice	Bosnian	Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina	1840
Verdicenan Kadın	Prince Kaytuk Giorgi Açba Princess Yelizaveta Hanım	Saliha Açba	Abkhazia	Sukhum, Abkhazia	17 December 1840
Nükhetsezâ Hanım	Hatuğ Baras Ferhunde Hanım	Hatice Baras	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	21 October 1841
Mahitab Kadın	Hişam Bey Malika Hanım	Nuriye	Chechen	Makhachkala, Russia	1845
Nesrin Hanım	Manuçar Asemiani Mahra Hanım	Adile Asemiani	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	1842
Ceylanyar Hanım	Mustafa Berzeg Princess Daruhan Dudaruk	Nafiye Berzeg	Ubykh	Sochi, Russia	1847
Nergizev Hanım	Albora Bey Dadüse Hanım		Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	1847
Navekmisal Hanım	Prince Rustem Bey Biberd Princess Fatma Kızılbek	Biberd	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	1848
Bezmiara Kadın	Fatma Zehra Hanim		Circassian	Circassia	1849 - 1852 (Legal marriage)
Nalandil Hanım	Prince Natıkhu Çıpakue	Çıpakue	Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	1850
Şayeste Hanım	Prince Tataş İnalipa Sarey Hanım	İnalipa	Abkhazia	Sukhum, Abkhazia	1851
Serfiraz Hanım	Prince Osman Liah Zeliha Tapsın	Ayşe Liah	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	1852
Gülüstü Hanım	Prince Tahir Çaçba Afişe Lakerba	Fatma Çaçba	Abkhazia	Sukhum, Abkhazia	August 1854
Perestu Kadın	Gök Gogen Şah Hanım	Rahime Gogen	Ubykh	Sochi, Russia	20 January 1856 (Legal marriage)
Dürrünev Kadın	Prince Mahmud Dziapş-lpa Princess Halime Çikotua	Melek Dziapş-İpa	Abkhazia	Batumi, Georgia	20 May 1856	Abdülaziz
Edadil Kadın	Prince Tandal Aredba Aublaa Hanım	Aredba	Abkhazia	Adlersky, Sochi, Russia	1861
Hayranidil Kadın			Abkhazia	Kars, Ottoman Empire	21 September 1865
Nesrin Kadın	Prince Ismail Zevş-Barakay	Nesrin Zevş-Barakay	Ubykh	North Caucasus	1868
Gevheri Kadın	Salih Svatnba Princess Şaziye Tsanba	Emine Svatnba	Abkhazia	Gudauta, Abkhazia	1872
Mevhibe Kadın	Ahmed Tarkanişvili	Mevhibe Tarkanişvili	Abkhazia	Tbilisi, Georgia	21 January 1857	Murad V
Reftarıdil Kadın	Hatkoyuko Hatko	Hatko	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	4 February 1859
Şayan Kadın	Batır Zan	Safiye Zan	Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	5 February 1869
Meyliservet Kadın			Circassian	Batumi, Georgia	8 June 1874
Resan Hanım	Ömer Bey Fatma Hanım	Ayşe	Abkhazia	Artvin, Ottoman Empire	2 November 1877
Nazikeda Kadın	Prince Arzakan Tsanba Princess Esma Klıç	Tsanba	Abkhazian	Abkhazia	1863	Abdul Hamid II
Nurefsun Kadın			Circassian	North Caucasus	October 1868 - 26 June 1879
Bedrifelek Kadın	Prince Mehmed Karzeg Princess Faruhan İnal-lpa	Karzeg	Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	15 November 1868
Bidar Kadın	Prince Ibrahim Talustan Princess Şahika İffet Lortkipanidze	Talustan	Kabarday	Kobuleti, Adjara, Georgia	2 September 1875
Dilpesend Kadın	Maksud Giray Bey	Azize	Abkhazia	Tbilisi, Georgia	10 April 1884
Mezidimestan Kadın	Kaymat Mikanba Princess Feryal Marşan	Kadriye Mikanba	Abkhazia	Gagra, Abkhazia	2 February 1885
Emsalinur Kadın		Kaya	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	20 November 1885
Müşfika Kadın	Mahmud Ağır Emine Hanım	Ayşe Ağırba	Abkhazia	Hopa, Caucasus	12 February 1886
Sazkar Hanım	Bata Maan	Atiye Maan	Abkhazia	Ayvacık, Çanakkale, Ottoman Empire	31 August 1890
Peyveste Hanım	Prince Osman Emuhvari Princess Hesna Çaabalurhva	Rabia Emuhvari	Abkhazia	Pitsunda, Abkhazia	24 January 1893
Fatma Pesend Hanım	Prince Sami Açba Princess Fatıma Ismailevna Mamleeva	Fatma Kadriye Açba	Abkhazia	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	20 July 1896
Behice Hanım	Albus Maan Nazli Kucba	Behiye Maan	Abkhazia(country) Abkhazia	Beynevi, Adapazarı, Ottoman Empire	10 May 1900
Saliha Naciye Hanım	Arslan Ankuap Canhız Hanım	Zeliha Ankuap	Abkhazia	Yukarı Ihsaniye, Bartın, Ottoman Empire	4 November 1904
Kamures Kadın			Ubykh		30 September 1872	Mehmed V
Dürrüaden Kadın	Mustafa Voçibe	Hatice Voçibe	Circassian	Caucasus	10 October 1876
Mihrengiz Kadın		Fatma	Ubykh	Sochi, Russia	4 April 1887
Nazperver Kadın	Prince Ismail Çikotua Princess Aliye Dziapş-lpa	Emine Çikotua	Abkhazia	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1888
Dilfirib Kadın			Circassian	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1907
Nazikeda Kadın	Prince Hasan Ali Marşania Princess Fatma Horecan Aredba	Emine Marşan	Abkhazia	Tsebelda, Abkhazia	8 June 1885	Mehmed VI
Inşirah Hanım	Aziz Voçibe	Seniye Voçibe	Ubykh	Maşukiye, Ottoman Empire	8 July 1905 - 7 November 1909
Müveddet Kadın	Kato Davut Çıhcı Ayşe Hanım	Şadiye Çıhcı		Derbent, Russia	24 April 1911
Nevvare Hanım	Mustafa Çıhcı Hafize Kap	Ayşe Çıhcı		Derbent, Russia	20 June 1918 - 20 May 1924
Nevzad Hanım	Bargu Şaban Efendi Hatice Hanım	Nimet Bargu	Turkish	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1 September 1921

Notes

↑ Peirce, Leslie P (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 0-19-507673-7.
↑ Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. ISBN 9789753296236.
↑ Павлов, Пламен. Търновските царици. В.Т.:ДАР-РХ, 2006.
Queens of Tarnovo, Plamen Pavlov, 2006
↑ Babinger 1992, p. 11.
↑ Li Tang; Dietmar W. Winkler (2013). From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 308. ISBN 978-3-643-90329-7.
↑ Fine 1994, p. 530.
↑ Leslie P., Peirce (1993). "Wives and Concubines: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries" . The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016-4314: Oxford University Press. pp. 55. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.CS1 maint: location (link)
↑ Bernard Lewis, The Muslim discovery of Europe, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2001, p. 192.

Related Research Articles

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Kadın was the title given to the imperial consort of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire towards the beginning of the seventeenth century. The title came into official usage at the end of the century, and remained in usage until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Haseki sultan Imperial title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman Sultan

Haseki Sultan was the title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman Sultan. In later years, the meaning of the title changed to "imperial consort". Hürrem Sultan, principal consort and legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, was the first holder of this title. The title lost its exclusivity under Ibrahim I, who bestowed it upon eight women simultaneously. The title haseki sultan was used until the 17th century. After that, kadınefendi became the highest ranking title for imperial consorts, although this title was not as prestigious as haseki sultan.

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Ikbal was the title given to the imperial consort of the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of kadın.

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References

Açba-Ançabadze, Leyla, Fürstin: Harem Hatıraları, Timaş Yayınları, Istanbul 2010.
Afife Rezzemaza: Saray'dan Sürgüne, Istanbul 2013
Aredba, Rumeysa, Fürstin: Sultan Vahdeddin'in San Remo Günleri, Istanbul 2009
Bardakçı, Murat: Şahbaba. Pan Yayıncılık, Istanbul 1998.
Mislimelek, Prinzessin: Saray'dan Sürgüne Bir Osmanlı Prensesi, Istanbul 2012 (Memoiren der Nichte von Emine Nazikeda und Schwiegertochter von Sultan Abdulhamit II.)
Öztuna, Yılmaz: İslam Devletleri. Istanbul 1989 (Devletler ve Hanedanlar, Band 2).
Uluçay, Çağatay: Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları, Ankara 1992
Ünüvar, Safiye: Saray Hatıraları, Istanbul 1965

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[1] Peirce, Leslie P (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 0-19-507673-7.

[2] Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. ISBN 9789753296236.

[Пламен_Павлов-3] Павлов, Пламен. Търновските царици. В.Т.:ДАР-РХ, 2006.
Queens of Tarnovo, Plamen Pavlov, 2006

[FOOTNOTEBabinger199211-4] Babinger 1992, p. 11.

[5] Li Tang; Dietmar W. Winkler (2013). From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 308. ISBN 978-3-643-90329-7.

[FOOTNOTEFine1994530-6] Fine 1994, p. 530.

[7] Leslie P., Peirce (1993). "Wives and Concubines: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries" . The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016-4314: Oxford University Press. pp. 55. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.CS1 maint: location (link)

[8] Bernard Lewis, The Muslim discovery of Europe, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2001, p. 192.

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v t e Ottoman Dynasty
Ottoman Empire Family tree (simplified) Family tree (detailed) Line of succession List of mothers
Sultans / Caliphs	Osman I Orhan Murad I Bayezid I Interregnum Mehmed I Murad II Mehmed II Bayezid II Selim I Suleiman I Selim II Murad III Mehmed III Ahmed I Mustafa I Osman II Murad IV Ibrahim Mehmed IV Suleiman II Ahmed II Mustafa II Ahmed III Mahmud II Osman III Mustafa III Abdul Hamid I Selim III Mustafa IV Mahmud II Abdulmejid I Abdulaziz Murad V Abdul Hamid II Mehmed V Mehmed VI Abdulmejid II (Caliph only)
Claimants	Savcı Bey Süleyman Çelebi İsa Çelebi Musa Çelebi Mustafa Çelebi Küçük Mustafa Sultan Cem Şehzade Ahmet Şehzade Korkut Şehzade Mustafa Şehzade Bayezid Sultan Yahya Abdulmejid II Ahmed Nihad Osmanoğlu Osman Fuad Osmanoğlu Mehmed Abdülaziz Osmanoğlu Ali Vâsıb Osmanoğlu Mehmed Orhan Osmanoğlu Ertuğrul Osman Osmanoğlu Osman Bayezid Osmanoğlu Dündar Ali Osmanoğlu
Valide Sultans	Nilüfer Hatun Devlet Hatun Hüma Hatun Gülbahar Hatun Hafsa Sultan Nurbanu Sultan Safiye Sultan Handan Sultan Halime Sultan Kösem Sultan Turhan Sultan Aşub Sultan Gülnuş Sultan Saliha Sultan Şehsuvar Sultan Mihrişah Sultan Sineperver Sultan Nakşidil Sultan Bezmiâlem Sultan Pertevniyal Sultan Şevkefza Kadın Perestu Kadın
Haseki Sultans	Hürrem Sultan Nurbanu Sultan Safiye Sultan Kösem Sultan Ayşe Sultan Ayşe Sultan Turhan Sultan Muazzez Sultan Aşub Sultan Hümaşah Sultan Şivekar Sultan Gülnuş Sultan Rabia Sultan