Abdulhamid I or Abdul Hamid I was the 27th sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1774 to 1789.
Mehmed VI Vahideddin, also known as Şahbaba among the Osmanoğlu family, was the last sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the penultimate Ottoman caliph, reigning from 4 July 1918 until 1 November 1922, when the Ottoman sultanate was abolished and replaced by the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923.
The Ottoman dynasty consisted of the members of the imperial House of Osman, also known as the Ottomans. According to Ottoman tradition, the family originated from the Kayı tribe branch of the Oghuz Turks, under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia in the district of Bilecik, Söğüt. The Ottoman dynasty, named after Osman I, ruled the Ottoman Empire from c. 1299 to 1922.
Giuseppe Donizetti, also known as Donizetti Pasha, was an Italian composer. From 1828 he was Instructor General of the Imperial Ottoman Music at the court of Sultan Mahmud II. He was replaced by Guatelli Pasha after his death.
Starting in the 19th century the Ottoman Empire's governing structure slowly transitioned and standardized itself into a Western style system of government, sometimes known as the Imperial Government. Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839) initiated this process following the disbandment and massacre of the Janissary corps, at this point a conservative bureaucratic elite, in the Auspicious Incident. A long period of reform known as the Tanzimat period started, which yielded much needed reform to the government and social contract with the multicultural citizens of the empire.
Abdülmecid I was the 31st sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839. His reign was notable for the rise of nationalist movements within the empire's territories.
Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of decline with rebellions, and presided over an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–78), the loss of Egypt and Cyprus from Ottoman control, followed by a successful war against the Kingdom of Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention.
Italo Selvelli was an Italian composer, pianist and orchestra director, who lived and worked in Constantinople during the last decades of the Ottoman Empire.
Rahime Perestu Sultan, also known as Rahime Perestu Kadın, was the first legal wife of Sultan Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire. She was given the title and position of Valide sultan when Abdul Hamid II, her adopted son, ascended the throne in 1876 making her the last valide sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
The Hamidiye regiments were well-armed, irregular, mainly Sunni Kurdish but also Turkish, Circassian, Turkmen, Yörük, and Arab cavalry formations that operated in the south eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Established by and named after Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1891, they were intended to be modeled after the Cossacks and were supposedly tasked to patrol the Russo-Ottoman frontier. However, the Hamidiye were more often used by the Ottoman authorities to harass and assault Armenians living in Eastern Provinces of the Ottoman Empire.
The Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire was the lower house of the General Assembly, the Ottoman Parliament. Unlike the upper house, the Senate, the members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected by the general Ottoman populace, although suffrage was limited to males of a certain financial standing, among other restrictions that varied over the Chamber's lifetime.
Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin Efendi was an Ottoman prince, the only surviving son of Sultan Murad V, and his second consort Reftarıdil Kadın.
Osmanoğlu is a family belonging to the historical Ottoman dynasty, which was the ruling house of the Ottoman Empire from 1299 until the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate in 1922, and the Ottoman Caliphate from 1517 until the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. In 1924, members of the Osmanoğlu family were forced into exile. Their descendants now live in many countries throughout Europe, as well as in the United States, the Middle East, and since they have now been permitted to return to their homeland, many now also live in Turkey. The female members of the dynasty were allowed to return after 1951, and the male members after 1973. The family adopted the surname of Osmanoğlu, meaning "son of Osman".
The Manas Family were an Ottoman-Armenian family that provided Imperial Portraitists to the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire in the later half of the 19th century. Some were also chief secretaries to the Ottoman Embassy in Paris and others were music composers.
Pesend Hanım was a consort of Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire.
Şehzade Mehmed Selim Efendi was an Ottoman prince, the eldest son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and his consort Bedrifelek Kadın.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was the department of the Imperial Government responsible for the foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire, from its establishment in 1836 to its abolition in 1922. Before 1836, foreign relations were managed by the Reis ül-Küttab, who was replaced by a Western-style ministry as part of the Tanzimat modernization reforms. The successor of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Turkish Republic.
The Reşadiye Marşı was the imperial anthem of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 to 1918. Upon the commencement of the sultan Mehmed V Reşad's reign in 1909, a competition was declared to compose a personal march for the new sultan. The contest was won by Italo Selvelli, who was of Italian descent, as were nearly all the other composers of personal marches for previous sultans. Like the previous sultan's march, this anthem also had lyrics, but the content of the lyrics themselves is unknown.
The Hamidiye Marşı was the imperial anthem of the Ottoman Empire from 1876 to 1909. In 1876, Sultan Abdul Hamid II had the Hamidiye March composed for him by Necip Paşa. It was one of the only 2 Ottoman anthems to have lyrics.
The Mecidiye Marşı was the national anthem of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Abdülmecid I & Abdülmecid II. There were different anthems for each sultan. Franz Liszt visited the imperial capital and composed a paraphrase to this march named Op. 87 Grande Paraphrase de la Marche de J. Donizetti. Donizetti had another march, Büyük Askerî Marş, also known as Grande March de Medjidie, composed for Abdülmecid I during the same period. Donizetti mentions Liszt as enjoying the two imperial marches and obtaining the sheet music from him to play them as variations.
