List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions

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A number of histologic stains are used in the field of dermatology that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system.

Contents

Positive histologic stains that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system
StainCell, material, and/or structure(s) stainedCondition(s) in which stain is positive
Actin-specific enolase Infantile digital fibromatosis
AE1/AE3 Squamous cell carcinoma
Alcian blue Lipoid proteinosis
Papular mucinosis
Scleredema
Pretibial myxedema
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Alizarin red Calcinosis cutis
Azure AMast cell Mastocytosis
Bcl-2 Basal cell carcinoma
Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
Bcl-6 Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
BerEp4 Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma
Basal cell carcinoma
Brown–Brenn Eumycotic mycetoma
CAM 5.2 Merkel cell carcinoma
CCR7 Melanoma
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Eccrine gland Extramammary Paget's disease
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Eccrine poroma
CD1a Langerhans cell Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
CD4 Mycosis fungoides
Sézary syndrome
CD5 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CD8 Pagetoid reticulosis
CD10 Renal cell carcinoma
CD15 Hodgkin's disease
CD20 Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
CD30 (Ki-1) Lymphomatoid papulosis
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa
Hodgkin's disease
CD31 Endothelial cell Kaposi's sarcoma
Angiosarcoma
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
CD34 Dermal dendritic cell Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma
Spindle cell lipoma
Angiosarcoma
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Atypical fibroxanthoma
Pleomorphic fibroma
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
CD38Plasma cell Multiple myeloma
Plasmablastic lymphoma
Pagetoid reticulosis
CD44 Merkel cell carcinoma
CD56 Extranodal natural killer cell lymphoma
Merkel cell carcinoma
CD68 Benign cephalic histiocytosis
Generalized eruptive histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
Juvenile xanthogranuloma
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma
Giant cell reticulohistiocytoma
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
Xanthoma disseminatum
Rosai–Dorfman disease
Atypical fibroxanthoma
Melanoma
CD79a Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
CD117Mast cell Mastocytosis
CD138Plasma cell Multiple myeloma
Plasmablastic lymphoma
CD207 (Langerin) Langerhans cell Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Chloracetate esterase (Leder)Mast cell Mastocytosis
Chromogranin A Merkel cell carcinoma
Cystokeratin 7 Paget's disease (breast and extramammary)
Cytokeratin 20 Extramammary Paget's disease of endodermal origin
Merkel cell carcinoma
Colloidal iron Papular mucinosis
Scleredema
Pretibial myxedema
Congo red Amyloidosis
Colloid milium
Crystal violet Amyloidosis
Colloid milium
D2-40 Lymphangioma circumscriptum
de Galantha Pseudogout
Dylon Amyloidosis
Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) Eccrine gland
Sebaceous gland
Paget's disease
extramammary Paget's disease
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Sebaceous carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Schwannoma
Factor VIII Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
Factor XIII Cutaneous focal mucinosis
Factor XIIIaDermal dendritic cell Dermatofibroma
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma
Fite Leprosy
Nocardiosis [nb 1]
Fontana-Masson Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus
GiemsaMast cell Mastocytosis
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Gomori methenamine silver Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) Apocrine gland Extramammary Paget's disease of cutaneous origin
HAM56Histiocyte Dermatofibroma
HMB45 Gp100 (pmel17, silver protein) Melanoma [nb 2]
India Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus
KP-1Histiocyte Dermatofibroma
LYVE-1 Kaposi's sarcoma
MAC387Histiocyte
MART-1 (MART-1) Melanoma
Masson's trichrome Infantile digital fibromatosis
Mel-5 TYRP1 Melanoma
Methylene blue Mast cell Mastocytosis
Ochronosis
MIB-1 Melanoma
Muscle-specific actin Glomus tumor
Dermatofibroma
Infantile myofibromatosis
Neurofilament Neurofibroma
Neuro-specific enolase Merkel cell carcinoma
Non-aqueous alcoholic eosin stain (NAES) Pseudogout
Oil red O Sebaceous carcinoma
Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn
Peanut agglutinin Basal cell carcinoma
Phosphotungsten acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) Infantile digital fibromatosis
Pogoda red Amyloidosis
Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) Nerve sheath myxoma
Silver nitrate Urate crystal Gout
Sirius red Amyloidosis
Smooth muscle actin (SMA) Angiomyxoma
Leiomyosarcoma
SOX10 Neuroectodermal neoplasms of neural crest origin, especially: [1]
  • Melanoma, although desmoplastic melanomas may be only focally positive.
  • Nevus
Sudan IV Leprosy
Sudan black Sebaceous carcinoma
Synaptophysin Merkel cell carcinoma
S100 Melanocyte
Langerhans cell
Schwann cell
Chondrocyte
Adipocyte
Eccrine gland
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Nerve sheath myxoma (Cellular neurothekeoma)
Extraskeletal chondroma
Thioflavin T Amyloidosis
Colloid milium
Toluidine blue Mast cell Mastocytosis
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Papular mucinosis
Scleredema
Pretibial myxedema
TryptaseMast cell Mastocytosis
TyrosinaseTyrosinase Melanoma
Ulex eropaeus agglutinin Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
VEGF-3 Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
VEGFR-3 Kaposi's sarcoma
Verhoeff van Gieson Collagen
Elastin
Elastosis perforans serpiginosa
Acquired perforating dermatosis
Perforating periumbilical calcific elastosis
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
VimentinNon-specific mesenchymal components Melanoma
Glomus tumor
Dermatofibroma
Pleomorphic fibroma of the skin
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma
von KossaCalcium Calcinosis cutis
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Wade Leprosy
Wright Blood cells Transient neonatal pustular melanosis [nb 3]
Erythema toxicum neonatorum [nb 4] >
Granuloma inguinale
Ziehl–Neelsen_stain Leprosy [nb 1]

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 The Ziehl-Neelson stain is positive in leprosy but notable for being negative with nocardiosis. Fite stain is positive in leprosy and nocardiosis.
  2. Melanoma stains positive with HMB45 with the exception of desmoplastic melanoma.
  3. Staining of pustule contents in transient neonatal pustular melanosis will reveal numerous neutrophils
  4. Staining of pustule in erythema toxicum neonatorum will reveal numerous eosinophils

See also

Related Research Articles

HMB-45 is a monoclonal antibody that reacts against an antigen present in melanocytic tumors such as melanomas, and stands for Human Melanoma Black. It is used in anatomic pathology as a marker for such tumors. The specific antigen recognized by HMB-45 is now known as Pmel 17.

Blue nevus Type of melanocytic tumor

A blue nevus is a type of coloured mole, typically a single well-defined blue-black bump.

References

  1. Nat Pernick. "Stains - SOX10". Pathology Outlines. Topic Completed: 1 February 2014. Revised: 20 September 2019