Maoist Communist Party of Manipur | |
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Abbreviation | MCPM |
Leader | Chiranglen Sapamcha [1] |
Founded | September 2011 |
Preceded by | Manipur Forward Youth Front (MAFYF) |
Headquarters | Manipur |
Newspaper | •Red Thunder (monthly) [2] [3] •Red Manipur (quarterly) [4] |
Armed organ | New People's Militia |
Ideology | Communism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Separatism |
Acknowledgement | Communist Party of India (Maoist) [5] |
Colors | Red |
Party flag | |
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The Maoist Communist Party of Manipur is a Maoist political party [6] in Manipur which aims "to establish a communist society through armed revolutionary war." [7] The Maoist Communist Party of Manipur also intends at liberating the people of Manipur from whom they view as "colonial India." [8]
The Maoist Communist Party of Manipur (MCPM) was formed in August 2011 after amended its constitution in accordance with Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and decided to take up M–L–M as the party's guiding ideology. After the party's first conference which was held in the North-East, the party issued a statement declaring that the MCPM has decided to carry out the New Democratic Revolution and would conduct the protracted people's war in collaboration with the other "Maoist revolutionary parties." [6]
The Coordinator of the Standing Committee of MCPM is Kyonghan, [3] [9] and its vice chairperson is Mang Ulen San. [2] The Publicity and Propaganda secretary is Nonglen Meitei. [10] [11] The MCPM has alleged that Chingranglen Meitei, who was working as the General Secretary of the party was ferret out and arrested by a squad of the Indian armed forces, while he was approaching towards his comrades. [12] On 20 May 2014, the MCPM released an official statement that the party was not being able to trace Chingranglen Meitei since the time of his alleged abduction [by Indian personnel], and has no clue about his "whereabouts." [13]
A united revolution is still a failure in Manipur due to cerebrated design of those trying to create division amongst indigenous community inhabiting in the state from time immemorial.| Nonglen Meitei, in 2012 [14]
The MCPM structured the party's Central Military Commission (CMC) on 21 September 2012, and Taibanglen Meitei is also the CMC's chairperson. [8]
On 21 September 2012, [15] the MCPM also constituted an armed wing in the guidance of its CMC, known as "New People's Militia," whose objective is to muster a "People's Guerilla Army." [8] The party's chairperson has voiced that the New People's Militia (NPM) was established in the light of Mao's Theory of Three Magic Weapons, and it aims at "carrying out offensive against colonial forces to regain Manipur people's freedom status." The party believes that, despite being at the "initial stage," it is still "capable of launching offensives in mobile," and is looking forward to raise the NPM's strength, eyeing to "effectively launch positional war with the enemy [Indian State]." [15]
The MCPM is a banned organisation. [10]
The Communist Party of India (Maoist) has termed the establishment of MCPM as "an event of historical significance in the annals of the history of revolution in South-Asia" and has stated that "it would fight shoulder to shoulder with them [MCPM] in the fight against the common enemy – the Indian State." [5] The CPI (Maoist) had also maintained close ties with the KCP (Maoist) and the People's Liberation Army of Manipur in the past. [6] [7] The KCP (Maoist), in November 2010, pledged "support" to "Indian Maoists." [16]
World Proletarian Revolution would have a new lease of life if Maoist groups operating in Asia worked together on a common platform by setting up an Asian Maoist Coordinating Committee.
— Taibanglen Meitei, on the occasion of second anniversary of the MCPM [9]
The MCPM boycotted the 2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election and banned "all election related functions" in the state because the party believed that the "assembly elections in Manipur would never bring welfare to the people nor bring any development" and would just amplify the "Indian system of rule." [17]
In April 2014, the MCPM called for a "political strike" in Manipur [18] and boycotted the Indian general election, 2014 in the state, saying that "the Indian election is not needed." The ban imposed on the Indian general election, 2014 in Manipur by the MCPM along with the United Revolutionary Front, and the Kuki National Army (Indian) affected the political campaigning of the candidates, and they had to drop their door–to–door campaign while several candidates avoided to visit their constituencies as a violent armed action was expected beyond doubt if "electioneering" would have been attempted in Manipur. [19] The MCPM had urged its comrades to closely and alertly monitor the electoral campaign of the political parties and their contestants, and to execute strategies to pester the election process while avoiding to engender inconvenience to the people. [18]
Conducting India's elections in Manipur was nothing but a deliberate attempt to divert the mind of the people of the state from the armed struggle for liberation and to portray it (liberation struggle) in the wrong sense.
— Maoist Communist Party of Manipur, in 2014 [18]
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र), romanized: Nēpāla Kamyunisṭa Pārṭī (Mā'ōvādī Kēndra)), abbreviated CPN (Maoist Centre) or CPN (MC), is the third largest political party in Nepal and a member party of Samajbadi Morcha. It was founded in 1994 after breaking away from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre). The party launched an armed struggle in 1996 against the Nepalese government. In 2006, the party formally joined mainstream politics after signing a peace agreement following the 2006 Nepalese revolution.
Manipur is a landlocked state in northeast India with Imphal as its capital. It borders Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north. It shares international borders with Myanmar, specifically the Sagaing Region to the east and Chin State to the southeast. Covering an area of 8,621 square miles, the state consists mostly of hilly terrain with the 700-square-mile Imphal Valley inhabited by the Meitei (Manipuri) community, historically a kingdom. Surrounding hills are home to Naga and Kuki-Zo communities, who speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The official language and lingua franca, Meitei (Manipuri), also belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family.
Imphal is the capital city of the Indian state of Manipur. The metropolitan centre of the city contains the ruins of Kangla Palace, the royal seat of the former Kingdom of Manipur, surrounded by a moat. Spread over parts of the districts of Imphal West and Imphal East, the former contains the majority of the city's area and population. Imphal is part of the Smart Cities Mission under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. Being a mega commercial hub, Imphal is known for its weaving, brass-ware, bronze-ware, and other cottage industries. Meitei language is the most widely spoken language in the city.
The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a banned Maoist communist political party and militant organization in India which aims to overthrow the Republic of India through protracted people's war. It was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the CPIML People's War and the MCCI. The party has been designated as a terrorist organisation in India under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act since 2009.
The Insurgency in Northeast India involves multiple separatist and jihadist militant groups operating in some of India's northeastern states, which are connected to the rest of India by the Siliguri Corridor, a strip of land as narrow as 14.29 miles (23.00 km) wide.
The United National Liberation Front (UNLF), also known as the United National Liberation Front of Manipur, is a separatist insurgent group active in the state of Manipur in Northeast India which aims at establishing a sovereign and socialist Manipur.
The People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK) is an armed insurgent group in Manipur demanding a separate and independent homeland. PREPAK was formed under the leadership of R. K. Tulachandra in 1977.
Imphal Free Press is an English-language daily published in Manipur, India. Alongside the Sangai Express, it is one of the two most widely read newspapers of Manipur. It is considered as one of the "good quality" newspapers, among approximately 40 papers in the state of Manipur.
In the 2008 Imphal bombings, at least 17 people were killed and more than 30 were injured on 21 October 2008.
The People's Liberation Army of Manipur, often shortened to the People's Liberation Army, is a militant group fighting for the creation of an independent and socialist Manipur, a state in northeastern India.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War, usually called People's War Group (PWG), was an underground communist party in India. It merged with the Maoist Communist Centre of India to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in 2004. Muppala Lakshmana Rao ('Ganapathi') was the general secretary of the party. The ideology of the party was Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.
Christianity is the second largest religion in Manipur, a state in Northeast India, according to 2011 census. The tribal communities, Kukis and Nagas are overwhelmingly Christian, along with their kindred communities in the neighbouring states. The dominant Meitei community has only small numbers of Christians, but Meitei groups claim Christianity to be a threat. At the start of the 2023–2024 Manipur violence, Meitei mobs burned down 200–300 churches in the Imphal Valley belonging to all communities, and prohibited pastors from rebuilding them.
Ningombam Bupenda Meitei is an Indian writer, essayist and poet in English and Meitei languages.
Secession in India typically refers to state secession, which is the withdrawal of one or more states from the Republic of India. Whereas, some have wanted a separate state, union territory or an autonomous administrative division within India. Many separatist movements exist with thousands of members, however, some have low local support and high voter participation in democratic elections. However, at the same time, demanding separate statehood within under the administration of Indian union from an existing state can lead to criminal charges under secession law in India. India is described as a ‘Union of States’ in Article 1 of the Indian constitution I.e "Indestructible nation of destructible states" by its father of constitution Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar where a state or Union territory of India cannot secede from India by any means and the Central Government has more powers than the respective state governments and can forcefully change the names and boundaries of the states without their permission at any time when needed for self interest and for the maintenance of integrity.
Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup is a Meitei insurgent group that operates in the state of Manipur in India. It was formed in January 1994 by a faction of the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) led by Namoijam Oken in conjunction with splinter groups of Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) and People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK). It is a secessionist organisation and banned by the Government of India. The group displays a strong ethnonationalist and nativist rhetoric in their announcements.
Kangleipak Communist Party is a Maoist separatist militant group in Manipur, India. Named after Kangleipak, the ancient name of Manipur, it was initially led by the communist ideologues — Ibohanbi and Ibopishak. The Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) has been engaged in an armed conflict against the government of India.
The Insurgency in Manipur is an ongoing armed conflict between India and a number of separatist rebel groups, taking place in the state of Manipur. The Insurgency in Manipur is part of the wider Insurgency in Northeast India; it displays elements of a national liberation war as well as an ethnic conflict.
Jiribam District is a district at the western periphery state of Manipur, India. It borders the Cachar district of Assam on the west, and serves as the western gateway for Manipur. Formerly a subdivision of the Imphal East district, it was made an independent district in December 2016.
The 2024 Indian general election was held in Manipur on 19 April and 26 April to elect two members of the 18th Lok Sabha, from the constituencies of Inner Manipur and Outer Manipur. The election got scheduled in the midst of year-long ethnic violence between the valley-based Meitei community and the hill-based Kuki-Zo community. There were reports of violence and intimidation by armed militias during the campaigning as well as polling but, on the whole, the election got conducted peacefully. Opposition Indian National Congress candidates, Bimol Akoijam and Alfred Kanngam Arthur, won the two seats respectively.
Borobekra, also spelt Barabekra, is a village in the Jiribam district in Manipur, India, and the headquarters of an eponymous subdivision. It is about 30 km south of Jiribam, the headquarters of the district. The village is on the bank of the Barak River, near the confluence of a tributary that flows down from the Vangaitang range to the east. The Barak River flows north in this region, up to Jirimukh, where it turns northwest. The Barak River also forms the border with the Assam state of India.