Yi Won wearing myeonbok
Japan Emperor Kōmei's Mianfu (冕服
Emperor Go-Sanjō in benpuku (冕服)
Enthronement ceremony of Emperor Kōmei, benpuku (冕服) was used as ceremonial clothes.
Paintings of Cổn miện costumes in the Nguyễn dynasty by Nguyễn Văn Nhân
 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(December 2015) |
 Painting of Wanli Emperor of the Ming dynasty wearing mianfu | |
| Type | Traditional imperial robe as part of hanfu |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Shang dynasty, China |
| Introduced | Liao dynasty, Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Korea (at least since 1065 AD), Japan, Vietnam. Yuan Dynasty |
The dress of dukes (gong 公) resembles that of the emperor at or below the grade of gunmian 衮冕; the dress of marques (hou 侯) and earls (bo 伯) resembles that of the dukes at or below the grade of bimian 鷩冕; the dress of viscounts (zi 子) and barons (nan 男) resembles that of marques and earls at or below the grade of cuimian 毳冕; the dress of solitaries (gu 孤) resembles that of viscounts and baron at or below the grade of ximian 絺冕; the dress of ministers (qing 卿) and grand masters (dafu 大夫) resembles that of solitaries at or below the grade of xuanmian 玄冕.
— Translated by Zhang Fa (2015), in the book "The History and Spirit of Chinese Art", volume 1, translated from the original text, Zhouli
Though the use of mianfu was abolished during the Qin dynasty, in favour of a black shenyi called junxuan(袀玄) and tongtianguan , [7] [8] which was continued to be used throughout the Western Han dynasty, the mianfu and mianguan were later restored by Emperor Ming of Han in the Eastern Han dynasty based on Rites of Zhou and Confucian Classic of Rites. [9]
In the Song dynasty, the emperor wore mianfu which included: daqiumian and gunmian. [10] : 2 The crown prince of the Song dynasty also wore gunmian. [10] : 2 The rulers of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty also created their own carriages and apparel system by adopting the clothing system of the Han people and by imitating the Song dynasty; and the Jin emperors wore gunmian. [10] : 41, 58 According to the Yuanshi, Möngke wore the gunmian in 1252. [11] : 45
After the Manchu conquerors established the Qing dynasty, the new government initiated a policy that forbade Han Chinese to wear Hanfu. Qing emperors did not use Mianfu as the emperor's official garb, which eventually resulted in this style of clothing disappearing from use.
Influence and derivatives
Due to the strong cultural influence China exerted on its neighbours, Mianfu was also worn by rulers in other East Asian countries that belonged to the so-called Sinosphere, such as Korea (in the form of myeonbok), Japan (known as Raifuku [12] ) and Vietnam (known as Cổn Miện) during the imperial era.
See also
Related Research Articles
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Zhang, Fa (2016). History and spirit of chinese art. Volume 1, From prehistory to the Tang dynasty. Honolulu: Silkroad Press. ISBN 978-1-62320-126-5. OCLC 933441686.
- 1 2 Gu, Weilie (2022). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE CULTURE. Translated by Sun, Lixin. American Academic Press. ISBN 9781631815379.
- 1 2 3 Kwon, Cheeyun Lilian (2019). Efficacious underworld : the evolution of Ten Kings paintings in medieval China and Korea. Honolulu. ISBN 978-0-8248-5603-8. OCLC 1098213341.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Hua, Mei; 华梅 (2004). Zhongguo fu shi (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban she. pp. 16–18. ISBN 7-5085-0540-9. OCLC 60568032.
- ↑ "Gujangbok: Ceremonial Robe Symbolizing the King's Prestige | Curator's Picks". NATIONAL MUSEUM OF KOREA. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
- ↑ (Chinese)陳邦懷，《殷代史料徵存》，鄴中片羽三集卷。
- ↑ "120". Book of Later Han.
"秦以戰國即天子位，滅去禮學，郊祀之服皆以袀玄。漢承秦故。"
- ↑ "25". Book of Jin.
"通天冠，本秦制。高九寸，正竖，顶少斜却，乃直下，铁为卷梁，前有展筒，冠前加金博山述，乘舆所常服也。 "
- ↑ "120". Book of Later Han.
显宗遂就大业，初服旒冕，衣裳文章，赤舄絇屦，以祠天地，养三老五更于三雍，于时致治平矣。
"2". Book of Later Han."二年春正月辛未，宗祀光武皇帝於明堂，帝及公卿列侯始服冠冕、衣裳、玉佩、絇屨以行事
- 1 2 3 Zhu, Ruixi; 朱瑞熙 (2016). A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-107-16786-5. OCLC 953576345.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Shea, Eiren L. (2020). Mongol court dress, identity formation, and global exchange. New York, NY. ISBN 978-0-429-34065-9. OCLC 1139920835.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Yu, A. C. "Raifuku (the Imperial Court) - Japanese Wiki Corpus". www.japanese-wiki-corpus.org. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
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| Chinese | 冕服 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Coronation clothing | ||||||
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