Mount Lebanon Shaker Society

Last updated
Mount Lebanon Shaker Society
Mount Lebanon Shaker Society 12July2008.jpg
Main dwelling circa July 2008
Location New Lebanon, New York
Coordinates 42°27′9.18″N73°22′50.37″W / 42.4525500°N 73.3806583°W / 42.4525500; -73.3806583
Built1785
NRHP reference No. 66000511
NYSRHP No.02115.000034
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966 [1]
Designated NHLJune 23, 1965 [2]
Designated NYSRHPJune 23, 1980

Mount Lebanon Shaker Society, also known as New Lebanon Shaker Society, was a communal settlement of Shakers in New Lebanon, New York. The earliest converts began to "gather in" at that location in 1782 and built their first meetinghouse in 1785. The early Shaker Ministry, including Joseph Meacham and Lucy Wright, the architects of Shakers' gender-balanced government, lived there. [3]

Contents

Isaac N. Youngs, the society's scribe, chronicled the life of this Shaker village for almost half a century. Youngs also designed the schoolhouse built there in 1839. [4]

Holy Mount, where Shaker services were held, has a spur ridge which has been called Mount Lebanon.

In addition to the Shakers' central Ministry, notable residents at Mount Lebanon's North Family included Elder Frederick W. Evans, known for his public preaching, and his partner, Eldress Antoinette Doolittle, who was succeeded by Anna White, M. Catherine Allen [5] artists Sarah Bates, and Polly Anne Reed. [6]

The North Family was also known for publishing a book of poetry, Mount Lebanon Cedar Boughs: original poems by the North family of Shakers, Anna White, ed. (Buffalo: Peter Paul Company, 1895), with a number of poems by Cecilia Devere and Martha Anderson.

Membership

In 1787, the Church Family (the First Order plus the Second Order) housed 57 male and 48 female Shakers, for a total of 105. In 1789, the Church Family's two orders housed 117 male and 116 female Shakers, for a total of 233. Numbers fluctuated according to the state of the economy and the vigor of Shaker missionaries; hard times increased membership, but rarely did the numbers reach that high again. The total dropped to 130 in 1806, then gradually rose to 240 in 1843 (111 males and 129 females) in the Church Family.

The Shakers used a controversial practice of adopting children and using them as servants and labor. The 1875 New York State Census lists many children as 'servants'. The 1892 New York State census lists many as 'inmates'

From that point, membership eroded further. In 1879, the Church Family housed only 54 male and 88 female Shakers, for a total of 142. [7] The closing of smaller communities and consolidation into the larger villages postponed dissolution for several decades.

In the 1940s, due to aging members and declining membership, the Shakers sold the site to Darrow School. Throughout the subsequent years, the site has been managed by several different owners. Darrow owns what remains of the Church and Center Families, while Shaker Museum | Mount Lebanon manages preservation and operates tours of the North Family; the rest of the buildings of remaining Families are privately owned.

Buildings

Mount Lebanon's main building became a National Historic Landmark in 1965. [2] [8]

Although the first of the Shaker settlements in the U.S. was in the Watervliet Shaker Historic District, Mount Lebanon became the leading Shaker society, and was the first to have a building used exclusively for religious purposes. Benson Lossing documented that meetinghouse and a few other buildings when he visited the Shakers in 1856. [9]

Mount Lebanon is located where Shaker Rd. merges with Darrow Rd. off US 20 in New Lebanon, New York. The North Family buildings are preserved as the Shaker Museum.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shakers</span> Christian monastic denomination

The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, more commonly known as the Shakers, are a millenarian restorationist Christian sect founded c. 1747 in England and then organized in the United States in the 1780s. They were initially known as "Shaking Quakers" because of their ecstatic behavior during worship services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleasant Hill, Kentucky</span> United States historic place

Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, USA, is the site of a Shaker religious community that was active from 1805 to 1910. Following a preservationist effort that began in 1961, the site, now a National Historic Landmark, has become a popular tourist destination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shaker furniture</span> Furniture developed by the United Society of Believers in Christs Second Appearing

Shaker furniture is a distinctive style of furniture developed by the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, commonly known as Shakers, a religious sect that had guiding principles of simplicity, utility and honesty. Their beliefs were reflected in the well-made furniture of minimalist designs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canterbury Shaker Village</span> United States historic place

Canterbury Shaker Village is a historic site and museum in Canterbury, New Hampshire, United States. It was one of a number of Shaker communities founded in the 19th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Abode of the Message</span> Headquarters of the Inayati Sufi order

The Abode of the Message is a retreat center in New Lebanon, NY which was founded in 1975 by Vilayat Inayat Khan and a group of his students. The Abode has a long history as a residential community, a centralized location for the Inayati order, a conference and retreat center, and a center of esoteric study. In 2023, its management was transferred to Friends of South Family. The property is located in the eastern heights of the Taconic Mountains in New Lebanon, New York, and includes historic Shaker buildings built between 1834 and 1870.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Watervliet Shaker Historic District</span> Historic district in New York, United States

Watervliet Shaker Historic District, in Colonie, New York, is the site of the first Shaker community. It was established in 1776. The primary Shaker community, the Mount Lebanon Shaker Society, was started a bit later. Watervliet's historic 1848 Shaker meetinghouse has been restored and is used for public events, such as concerts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hancock Shaker Village</span> United States historic place

Hancock Shaker Village is a former Shaker commune in Hancock and Pittsfield, Massachusetts. It emerged in the towns of Hancock, Pittsfield, and Richmond in the 1780s, organized in 1790, and was active until 1960. It was the third of nineteen major Shaker villages established between 1774 and 1836 in New York, New England, Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana. From 1790 until 1893, Hancock was the seat of the Hancock Bishopric, which oversaw two additional Shaker communes in Tyringham, Massachusetts, and Enfield, Connecticut.

Isaac Newton Youngs was a member of the Shakers. He was a prolific scribe, correspondent, and diarist who documented the history of the New Lebanon, New York Church Family of Shakers from 1815 to 1865.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village</span> United States historic place

Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village is a Shaker village near New Gloucester and Poland, Maine, in the United States. It is the last active Shaker community, with two members as of 2022. With a new member, it had expanded to three members by 2021. The community was established in either 1782, 1783, or 1793, at the height of the Shaker movement in the United States. The Sabbathday Lake meetinghouse was built in 1794. The entire property was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enfield Shaker Museum</span> United States historic place

The Enfield Shaker Museum is an outdoor history museum and historic district in Enfield, New Hampshire, in the United States. It is dedicated to preserving and sharing the history of the Shakers, a Protestant religious denomination, who lived on the site from 1793 to 1923. The museum features exhibitions, artifacts, eight Shaker buildings and restored Shaker gardens. It is located in a valley between Mount Assurance and Mascoma Lake in Enfield.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shaker Museum and Library</span>

The Shaker Museum and Library, officially known as Shaker Museum | Mount Lebanon, is a museum and research library concerned with the Shakers, a Protestant religious denomination founded in America by Ann Lee and her followers in 1774, and known more formally as the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing. The museum and library collections relate to Shaker life and culture and are based in New Lebanon, New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Lebanon Shaker Village</span>

The Mount Lebanon Shaker Village is a historic site associated with the Shakers, a Protestant religious denomination. Founded as a communal group in the 1787, the Shakers located their Central Ministry in New Lebanon, New York, United States, and built a village that eventually covered several thousand acres and housed hundreds of Believers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lucy Wright</span> Final Solo-Leader of the Shakers from 1796 to 1821

Lucy Wright was the leader of the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, also known as the Shakers, from 1796 until 1821. At that time, a woman's leadership of a religious sect was a radical departure from Protestant Christianity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred Shaker Historic District</span> Historic district in Maine, United States

Alfred Shaker Historic District is a historic district in Alfred, Maine, with properties on both sides of Shaker Hill Road. The area had its first Shaker "believers" in 1783 following visiting with Mother Ann Lee and became an official community starting in 1793 when a meetinghouse was built. It was home to Maine's oldest and largest Shaker community. Two notable events were the songwriting of Joseph Brackett, including, according to most accounts, Simple Gifts, and the spiritual healing of the sick by the Shakers. When the Alfred Shakers products and goods were no longer competitive with mass-produced products and the membership had dwindled significantly, the village was closed in 1931 and members moved to Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village, also in Maine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chronology of Shakers</span>

The chronology of Shakers is a list of important events pertaining to the history of the Shakers, a denomination of Christianity. Millenarians who believe that their founder, Ann Lee, experienced the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, the Shakers practice celibacy, confession of sin, communalism, ecstatic worship, pacifism, and egalitarianism. This spans the emergence of denomination in the mid-18th century, the emigration of the Shakers to New York on the eve of the American Revolution, subsequent missionary work and the establishment of nineteen major planned communities, and the continued persistence of the faith through decline into the 21st century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shaker communities</span> Settlements of the Shakers sect of Christianity

The Shakers are a sect of Christianity which practices celibacy, communal living, confession of sin, egalitarianism, and pacifism. After starting in England, it is thought that these communities spread into the cotton towns of North West England, with the football team of Bury taking on the Shaker name to acknowledge the Shaker community of Bury.The Shakers left England for the English colonies in North America in 1774. As they gained converts, the Shakers established numerous communities in the late-18th century through the entire 19th century. The first villages organized in Upstate New York and the New England states, and, through Shaker missionary efforts, Shaker communities appeared in the Midwestern states. Communities of Shakers were governed by area bishoprics and within the communities individuals were grouped into "family" units and worked together to manage daily activities. By 1836 eighteen major, long-term societies were founded, comprising some sixty families, along with a failed commune in Indiana. Many smaller, short-lived communities were established over the course of the 19th century, including two failed ventures into the Southeastern United States and an urban community in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Shakers peaked in population by the 1840s and early 1850s, with a membership between 4,000 and 9,000. Growth in membership began to stagnate by the mid 1850s. In the turmoil of the American Civil War and subsequent Industrial Revolution, Shakerism went into severe decline. As the number of living Shakers diminished, Shaker communes were disbanded or otherwise ceased to exist. Some of their buildings and sites have become museums, and many are historic districts under the National Register of Historic Places. The only active community is Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village in Maine, which is composed of at least three active members.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union Village Shaker settlement</span>

The Union Village Shaker settlement was a village organized by Shakers in Turtlecreek Township, Warren County, Ohio.

<i>Millennial Praises</i>

Millennial Praises is the first published collection of Shaker hymns. It was first printed by the Shakers in 1812.

Sarah Bates was an American Shaker artist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polly Anne Reed</span> American Shaker artist (1818–1881)

Polly AnneReed (1818–1881) was an American Shaker artist. She is considered one of the most accomplished artists in the Shaker community.

References

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. 1 2 "Mount Lebanon Shaker Society". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 2007-09-15. Archived from the original on 2015-03-18. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
  3. Stephen J. Stein, The Shaker Experience in America: A History of the United Society of Believers (New Haven: Yale, 1992).
  4. Glendyne R. Wergland, One Shaker Life: Isaac Newton Youngs, 1793-1865 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2006).
  5. Stephen J. Paterwic (11 August 2008). Historical Dictionary of the Shakers. Scarecrow Press. pp. 157–. ISBN   978-0-8108-6255-5.
  6. Gerard C. Wertkin (2 August 2004). Encyclopedia of American Folk Art . Routledge. ISBN   978-1-135-95614-1.
  7. The Church Family scribes Isaac N. Youngs and his successor John M. Brown compiled membership numbers and vital records until 1879, in New Lebanon Names and Ages, Winterthur Museum Library, Andrews Shaker Collection ms. 1078.
  8. Richard Greenwood (December 10, 1975). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Mount Lebanon Shaker Society" (pdf). National Park Service.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) and Accompanying photos, from 1975 and 1967.  (4.21 MB)
  9. Benson J. Lossing, "The Shakers," Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 15, no. 86 (July 1857).

Further reading

Note: This Shaker site is notable for having preserved hundreds of diaries, account books, hymnals, and other manuscripts in collections now at Hancock Shaker Village, the Library of Congress, New York Public Library, New York State Library, Mount Lebanon, Western Reserve Historical Society, and the Winterthur Museum Library. Some of these primary sources have been published.