NGR 4-6-2TT Havelock

Last updated

NGR 2-8-2TT Havelock
NGR 4-6-2TT Havelock
Natal 2-8-2TT Havelock.jpg
Havelock as a Mikado type, as built, circa 1888
Type and origin
♠ - 2-8-2TT (Mikado) - ♥ - 4-6-2TT (Pacific)
Power type Steam
Designer Natal Government Railways
(William Milne)
Builder Natal Government Railways
Model NGR 2-8-2TT
Build date 1888
Total produced 1
Rebuilder Natal Government Railways
Number rebuilt 1
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 •  Whyte 2-8-2TT as built (Mikado)
4-6-2TT modified (Pacific)
 •  UIC 1'D1'n2t as built
2'C1'n2t modified
Driver ♠ 3rd coupled axle
♥ 2nd coupled axle
Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia. 25 1⁄2 in (648 mm)
Coupled dia. 39 in (991 mm)
Trailing dia. 25 1⁄2 in (648 mm)
Tender wheels25 1⁄2 in (648 mm)
Wheelbase ♠ 34 ft 11 1⁄2 in (10,655 mm)
 • Engine ♠ 22 ft 11 1⁄2 in (6,998 mm)
 • Coupled ♠ 11 ft 5 1⁄2 in (3,492 mm)
♥ 7 ft 9 1⁄2 in (2,375 mm)
 • Tender ♠♥ 7 ft 6 in (2,286 mm)
Wheel spacing
(Asymmetrical)		 ♠ 1-2: 3 ft 8 in (1,118 mm)
2-3: 3 ft 8 in (1,118 mm)
3-4: 4 ft 1 1⁄2 in (1,257 mm)
♥1-2: 3 ft 8 in (1,118 mm)
2-3: 4 ft 1 1⁄2 in (1,257 mm)
Length:
​
 • Over couplers 41 ft 1 in (12,522 mm)
Height 12 ft (3,658 mm)
Frame type Plate
Loco weight ♠ 38 LT (38,610 kg)
Tender weight ♠ 12 LT (12,190 kg)
Total weight ♠ 50 LT (50,800 kg)
Tender type 2-axle
Fuel type Coal
Fuel capacity 3 LT 10 cwt (3.6 t)
Water cap 880 imp gal (4,000 l)
Tender cap. 900 imp gal (4,090 l)
Firebox type Round-top
 • Firegrate area 14 sq ft (1.3 m2)
Boiler:
​
 • Pitch 6 ft (1,829 mm)
 • Diameter 3 ft 10 1⁄8 in (1,172 mm) outside
 • Tube plates 11 ft (3,353 mm)
 • Small tubes174:1 5⁄8 in (41 mm)
Boiler pressure 140 psi (965 kPa)
Safety valve Salter & Ramsbottom
Heating surface 954 sq ft (88.6 m2)
 • Tubes 877 sq ft (81.5 m2)
 • Firebox 77 sq ft (7.2 m2)
Cylinders Two
Cylinder size 16 in (406 mm) bore
21 in (533 mm) stroke
Valve gear Stephenson
Valve type Slide
Loco brake Vacuum
Couplers Johnston link-and-pin
Performance figures
Tractive effort ♠ 14,473 lbf (64.38 kN) @ 75%
Career
Operators Natal Government Railways
Number in class 1
Numbers 48
Official nameHavelock
NicknamesHairy Mary
Delivered 1888
First run 1888
Withdrawn 1905
♠ The 2nd coupled axle had flangeless wheels

The Natal Government Railways 4-6-2TT Havelock of 1888 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Natal Colony.

Union of South Africa state in southern Africa from 1910 to 1961, predecessor to the Republic of South Africa

The Union of South Africa is the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape Colony, the Natal Colony, the Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony. It included the territories that were formerly a part of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State.

Colony of Natal British colony in south Africa (1843–1910)

The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was proclaimed a British colony on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia, and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa, as one of its provinces. It is now the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

Contents

During 1887, designs for a 2-8-2 Mikado type tank-and-tender locomotive were prepared by the Natal Government Railways. The locomotive was built in the Durban workshops and entered service in 1888, named Havelock. It was later rebuilt to a 4-6-2 Pacific type wheel arrangement. The engine Havelock was the first locomotive to be designed and built in South Africa. [1] [2] [3]

Natal Government Railways A government owned organization that managed the railway system in the Colony of Natal from 1875 to 1911

The Natal Government Railways (NGR) was formed in January 1877 in the Colony of Natal.

Durban Place in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Durban is the third most populous city in South Africa—after Johannesburg and Cape Town—and the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. Located on the east coast of South Africa, Durban is famous for being the busiest port in the country. It is also seen as one of the major centres of tourism because of the city's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches. Durban forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, which includes neighboring towns and has a population of about 3.44 million, making the combined municipality one of the biggest cities on the Indian Ocean coast of the African continent. It is also the second most important manufacturing hub in South Africa after Johannesburg. In 2015, Durban was recognised as one of the New7Wonders Cities.

Design and construction

The designs for a 2-8-2 Mikado type tank-and-tender locomotive were drawn up in 1887 by William Milne, the Locomotive Superintendent of the Natal Government Railways (NGR). It was built in the Durban workshops of the NGR at a cost of £3,021 and was not only the first locomotive and tender to be designed and built in South Africa, but also the first in South Africa to have eight-coupled wheels. Only the wheels and axles were obtained from England. [1] [2] [3]

South Africa Republic in the southernmost part of Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini (Swaziland); and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th-largest country in the world by land area and, with over 57 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (White), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (Coloured) ancestry.

Construction began on 26 January 1888 and the locomotive went on its first trial trip during August of that year. It was allocated number 48 and was named Havelock, after Sir Arthur Havelock, the Governor of the Colony of Natal from 1886 to 1889. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Arthur Havelock British colonial administrator

Sir Arthur Elibank Havelock was a career British colonial governor, serving as Governor of Sierra Leone from 1880, of Natal, of Madras, of Ceylon from 1890 to 1895, and of Tasmania from 1901 to 1904.

The engine Havelock was amongst the forerunners of eight-coupled locomotives in the world. It was not until eight years later, in 1896, that the first eight-coupled locomotive entered service in the United Kingdom. On the NGR, the design of the Dübs A 4-8-2T locomotive, later the NGR Class D4-8-2T, was based on the experience gained with the engine Havelock. Their respective designs were similar in several aspects. [2]

South African Class A 4-8-2T A 4-8-2T tank locomotive dating from 1888, originally known as a Natal Government Railways Class D (or Dübs) locomotive.

The South African Railways Class A 4-8-2T of 1888 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

Characteristics

The engine Havelock was the first tender locomotive in NGR service, a tank-and-tender engine which carried water in the four-wheeled tender as well as in the side-tanks. The engine and tender were both equipped with vacuum brakes. The locomotive had two boiler-mounted sandboxes and was equipped with both Salter and Ramsbottom safety valves. The firebox was equipped with a rectangular flat-bottomed type of ashpan, which was only 10 inches (254 millimetres) deep since it had to clear the trailing axle. [2]

The leading and trailing carrying wheels were fitted in F.W. Webb-type radial axleboxes. Webb's arrangement consisted of two radial axle boxes joined by a curved casting, so that they moved in unison between curved steel plates bolted to the main frame. A bogie check spring, having a single spiral spring, was enclosed in a box secured to the curved plates. The arcs of the leading and trailing radial axle boxes were struck from a centre midway between the coupled wheels. [1] [2]

Service

The first official trip was made from Durban to Pinetown on 7 January 1889, after which the engine Havelock was placed in service on the Durban-Cato Ridge section. Being the pride and joy of the NGR, the engine Havelock was present at several official functions, such as the opening of the line from Ladysmith to Biggarsberg Junction on 12 September 1889 and the turning of the first sod for the Orange Free State branchline at Ladysmith on 7 November 1889. [4]

Havelock as Hairy Mary at Chievely, Natal, c. 1898 NGR 4-6-2TT Havelock as Hairy Mary.jpg
Havelock as Hairy Mary at Chievely, Natal, c. 1898

During the Second Boer War, the engine Havelock was prepared to see action while serving on armoured trains. Unlike usual practice in such cases, the engine was not equipped with armour plate protection, but was draped in strands of thick hemp rope which covered it from front to back. This earned the loco­motive the apt nickname Hairy Mary amongst the troops. [1] [4]

Modification

After the introduction of the more powerful Dübs A 4-8-2T locomotives, the engine Havelock was relegated to branchline working. It was converted to a 4-6-2 Pacific type wheel arrangement for this work, since the shorter coupled wheelbase would enable it to negotiate sharper curves. The engine remained in service on the North Coast line between Durban and Verulam until it was scrapped in 1905. [1] [3] [4]

Illustration

The main picture shows the engine Havelock in its original Mikado type configuration, while the pictures below shows it in its subsequent Pacific type configuration.

Related Research Articles

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and two trailing wheels on one axle, usually in a trailing truck. This configuration of steam locomotive is most often referred to as a Mikado, frequently shortened to Mike.

4-10-2 locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 4-10-2 represents the arrangement of four leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels and two trailing wheels. In South Africa, where the wheel arrangement was first used, the type was known as a Reid Tenwheeler. In the United States of America it was known as a Southern Pacific on the Southern Pacific Railroad and as an Overland on the Union Pacific Railroad.

South African Class 20 2-10-2 class of 1 South African 2-10-2 locomotive

The South African Railways Class 20 2-10-2 of 1935 was a steam locomotive.

South African Class 17 4-8-0TT

The South African Railways Class 17 4-8-0TT of 1926 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Natal Colony.

South African Class 13 4-8-0TT

The South African Railways Class 13 4-8-0TT of 1905 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

South African Class H 4-10-2T A 4-10-2 tank locomotive developed in 1899 as a Class C tank locomotive on Natal Government Railway. Reclassified in 1912 as a Class H tank locomotive by South African Railways

The South African Railways Class H 4-10-2T of 1899 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

South African Class 7 4-8-0 class of 38 South African 4-8-0 locomotives

The South African Railways Class 7 4-8-0 of 1892 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

The South African Railways Class 1 4-8-0 of 1904 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

The South African Railways Class 2C 4-6-2 of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

South African Class 3 4-8-2 class of 30 South African 4-8-2 locomotives

The South African Railways Class 3 4-8-2 of 1909 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

South African Class C 4-6-0T class of 37 South African 4-6-0T locomotives

The South African Railways Class C 4-6-0T of 1879 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

South African Class C1 4-6-2T class of 5 South African 4-6-2T locomotives

The South African Railways Class C1 4-6-2T of 1901 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Natal Colony.

South African Class MA 2-6-6-0 class of 1 South African Mallet locomotive

The South African Railways Class MA 2-6-6-0 of 1909 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Natal Colony.

South African Class HF 2-8-2+2-8-2 class of 11 South African 2-8-2+2-8-2 modified Fairlie locomotives

The South African Railways Class HF 2-8-2+2-8-2 of 1927 was an articulated steam locomotive.

CSAR Class E 4-10-2T class of 35 South African 4-12-2T locomotives

The Central South African Railways Class E 4-10-2T of 1901 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

Natal Railway 0-4-0ST <i>Durban</i>

The Natal Railway 0-4-0ST Durban of 1865 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Natal Colony.

NGR Class K 2-6-0T class of 7 steam locomotives of the Natal Government Railways from 1877

The Natal Government Railways Class K 2-6-0T of 1877 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Natal Colony.

NGR Class I 2-6-0 Locomotives that were bought by the Zululand Railway Company in 1901 and acquired by the Natal Government Railways in 1903.

The Natal Government Railways Class I 2-6-0 of 1902 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

South African steam locomotive tenders

South African steam locomotive tenders were classified by means of type letters and sometimes numbers, while locomotive specifications included a list of permissible tenders which could be used with each engine class.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 90–91. ISBN   978-0-7153-5382-0.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter III - Natal Government Railways. (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, June 1944. pp. 421-422.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Espitalier, T.J. (1947). Locomotives Designed and Built in South Africa - The S1, in service this month, is not the first locally-built engine. South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, October 1947. pp. 841-843.
  4. 1 2 3 4 SAR-L Yahoogroup message 46036 of 27 September 2013, from Bruno Martin - Re: NGR Hairy Mary
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.