South African Class 34-400

South African Class 34-400
No. 34-401 at Kaalfontein, Gauteng, 7 October 2009
Type and origin Power type Diesel-electric Designer General Electric Builder SA GE-DL Locomotive Group Serial number 38623-38722 Model GE U26C Build date 1973–1974 Total produced 100
Specifications Configuration: ​  •  AAR C-C  •  UIC Co'Co'  • Commonwealth Co+Co Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Wheel diameter 915 mm (36.0 in) Wheelbase 13,004 mm (42 ft 8.0 in)  •  Bogie 3,188 mm (10 ft 5.5 in) Pivot centres 10,058 mm (33 ft 0 in) Length: ​  • Over couplers 17,982 mm (59 ft 0 in) Width 2,756 mm (9 ft 0.5 in) Height 3,962 mm (13 ft 0 in) Axle load 18,850 kg (41,560 lb) Adhesive weight 113,100 kg (249,300 lb) Loco weight 113,100 kg (249,300 lb) max Fuel type Diesel Fuel capacity 5,400 litres (1,200 imp gal) new 7,000 litres (1,500 imp gal) mod. Prime mover GE FDL-12 RPM range 450-1,050  • RPM low idle 450  • RPM idle 535  • Maximum RPM 1,050 Engine type 4-stroke diesel Aspiration Elliott H-581 turbocharger Alternator 10 pole 3 phase GE 5GT-A11C1 Traction motors Six GE 5GE-761A13 DC 4 pole  • Rating 1 hour 665A  • Continuous 655A @ 24 km/h (15 mph) Cylinders V12 Gear ratio 92:19 MU working 6 maximum Loco brake 28-LAV-1 with vigilance control Train brakes Westinghouse 6CDX4UC compressor/exhauster Air tank cap. 825 litres (181 imp gal) Compressor 0.039 m3/s (1.4 cu ft/s) Exhauster 0.155 m3/s (5.5 cu ft/s) Couplers AAR knuckle type E
Performance figures Maximum speed 100 km/h (62 mph) Power output: ​  • Starting 2,050 kW (2,750 hp)  • Continuous 1,940 kW (2,600 hp) Tractive effort: ​  • Starting 272 kN (61,000 lbf) @ 25% adhesion  • Continuous 218 kN (49,000 lbf) @ 26 km/h (16 mph) Factor of adh.: ​  • Starting 25%  • Continuous 20% Brakeforce 60% ratio @ 345 kPa (50.0 psi) Dynamic brake peak effort 180 kN (40,000 lbf) @ 29 km/h (18 mph)
Career Operators South African Railways Spoornet Kenya Railways Sheltam Sasol Blue Circle Transnet Freight Rail Class Class 34-400 Number in class 100 Numbers 34-401 to 34-500 Delivered 1973–1974 First run 1973

The South African Railways Class 34-400 of 1973 is a diesel-electric locomotive.

Between April 1973 and November 1974, the South African Railways placed one hundred Class 34-400 General Electric type U26C diesel-electric locomotives in service. ^[1]

Manufacturer

The Class 34-400 type GE U26C diesel-electric locomotive was designed by General Electric (GE) and built for the South African Railways (SAR) by the South African General Electric-Dorman Long Locomotive Group (SA GE-DL, later Dorbyl). One hundred locomotives were delivered between April 1973 and November 1974, numbered in the range from 34-401 to 34-500. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

Distinguishing features

As built, the GE Classes 34-000, 34-400 and 34-900 locomotives were visually indistinguishable from each other. The Class 34-500 locomotives could be distinguished from the other series by the air conditioning units mounted on their cab roofs and initially, when it was still a feature unique to them, by their running board mounted handrails. At some stage during the mid-1980s, all Class 34-000, 34-400 and 34-500 locomotives had saddle filters installed across the long hood, mounted just to the rear of the screens behind the cab on the sides. Since then, Class 34-900 locomotives could be distinguished from the older models by the absence of the saddle filter. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

Modifications

Fuel capacity

As built, the Class 34-400 had a 5,400-litre (1,200-imperial-gallon) fuel tank and interlinked bogies, while the Class 34-500 was delivered new to Iscor with a 7,000-litre (1,500-imperial-gallon) fuel tank to cope with the lack of en route refuelling points on the Sishen-Saldanha iron ore line. To facilitate the larger fuel tank, the inter-bogie linkage found on all other models had to be omitted on the Class 34-500. ^[7]

Standard 5,400 litre fuel tank

Enlarged 7,000 litre fuel tank

To be usable on the iron ore line, Class 34-400 units which ended up working there were modified to a similar fuel capacity. The inter-bogie linkage was removed and the fuel tank was enlarged by changing it from saddle-shaped to rectangular box-shaped. To maintain its lateral balance, a slab of metal was attached to each bogie in place of the removed linkage. In the second picture, the weld lines on the end of the enlarged fuel tank as well as the metal slab at the end of the bogie are visible.

Electronic control system

Beginning in 2010, some units were equipped with electronic fuel injection and GE "Brite Star" control systems. On some of the first locomotives to be so modified, externally visible evidence of the modification is a raised middle portion of the long hood.

Service

South African Railways

GE Class 34-400s work on most mainlines and some branch lines in the central, western, southern and southeastern parts of the country. On the busy line from Krugersdorp via Zeerust to Mafeking, the Class 34-400 became the standard motive power. ^{[8] [9]}

Some eventually joined the Class 34-500 on the 861-kilometre long (535-mile) Sishen-Saldanha iron ore line, to haul export ore from the open cast iron mines at Sishen near Kathu in the Northern Cape to the harbour at Saldanha in the Western Cape. Here they ran consisted to electric locomotives to haul the 342 wagon iron ore trains. Each wagon has a 100-ton capacity and the trains are at least 3.72 kilometres (2.31 miles) in length. In South Africa, mixed electric and diesel-electric consists are unique to the iron ore line. ^{[1] [3] [10] [11]}

Ore train about 100 kilometres (62 miles) north of Lamberts Bay

Leased and sold

Eleven Class 34-400s were leased to the Kenya Railways for some years, regauged to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) and renumbered in the range from 9501 to 9511. They were returned to Spoornet in April 2002. ^[2]

Several Class 34-400s were sold into industry. No. 34-429 went to the Douglas Colliery near Witbank as no. D10. Five went to Sasol at Trichardt near Secunda and two to Blue Circle Cement at Lichtenburg. ^[2]

No. 34-426, with the bodywork removed, is used for apprentice training at the Germiston diesel depot. ^[2]

Works numbers

The Class 34-400 builder's works numbers and known deployment are listed in the table. ^[2]

Class 34-400, GE type U26C

SAR No.	GE-DL works no.	Disposal	Post-SAR no.
34-401	38623
34-402	38624
34-403	38625
34-404	38626
34-405	38627
34-406	38628
34-407	38629
34-408	38630
34-409	38631
34-410	38632
34-411	38633
34-412	38634
34-413	38635
34-414	38636
34-415	38637
34-416	38638
34-417	38639
34-418	38640
34-419	38641
34-420	38642
34-421	38643
34-422	38644
34-423	38645
34-424	38646
34-425	38647
34-426	38648	Training aid	34-426
34-427	38649
34-428	38650
34-429	38651	Douglas	D10
34-430	38652
34-431	38653
34-432	38654
34-433	38655
34-434	38656
34-435	38657
34-436	38658
34-437	38659
34-438	38660
34-439	38661
34-440	38662
34-441	38663
34-442	38664
34-443	38665
34-444	38666
34-445	38667
34-446	38668
34-447	38669
34-448	38670
34-449	38671
34-450	38672
34-451	38673
34-452	38674
34-453	38675
34-454	38676
34-455	38677
34-456	38678
34-457	38679
34-458	38680
34-459	38681
34-460	38682
34-461	38683
34-462	38684
34-463	38685
34-464	38686
34-465	38687
34-466	38688
34-467	38689
34-468	38690
34-469	38691	KR Lease	9511
34-470	38692	KR Lease	9501
34-471	38693	KR Lease	9502
34-472	38694	KR Lease	9503
34-473	38695	KR Lease	9504
34-474	38696	KR Lease	9505
34-475	38697	KR Lease	9506
34-476	38698	KR Lease	9507
34-477	38699	Sasol	8
34-478	38700	KR Lease	9508
34-479	38701	KR Lease	9509
34-480	38702	KR Lease	9510
34-481	38703
34-482	38704
34-483	38705	Sasol	3
34-484	38706
34-485	38707	Sasol	7
34-486	38708	Sasol	4
34-487	38709
34-488	38710
34-489	38711	Sasol	9
34-490	38712	Blue Circle	9
34-491	38713	Blue Circle	8
34-492	38714
34-493	38715
34-494	38716
34-495	38717
34-496	38718
34-497	38719
34-498	38720
34-499	38721
34-500	38722

Liveries

The Class 34-400 were all delivered in the SAR Gulf Red livery with signal red buffer beams, yellow side stripes on the long hood sides and a yellow V on each end. In the 1990s many of the Class 34-400 units began to be repainted in the Spoornet orange livery with a yellow and blue chevron pattern on the buffer beams. At least one later received the Spoornet maroon livery. In the late 1990s many were repainted in the Spoornet blue livery with outline numbers on the long hood sides. After 2008 in the Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) era, many were repainted in the TFR red, green and yellow livery. ^{[2] [12]}

Illustration

• 
  No. 34-435 in SAR Gulf Red and whiskers livery and without saddle filters at Millsite, Krugersdorp, c. March 1982
• 
  No. 34-402 at the Transwerk shops in Bloemfontein, Free State, undergoing a major overhaul, 7 April 2006
• 
  No. 34-469 (ex Kenya Railways no. 9511) at Saldanha, Western Cape, in SAR Gulf Red and whiskers, 19 August 2010
• 
  No. 34-497 in Spoornet orange livery at Cambridge loco depot, East London, Eastern Cape, 24 April 2013
• 
  No. 34-464 shunting at the LaFarge Cement siding at Kaalfontein, Kempton Park, Gauteng, in Spoornet maroon livery, 21 August 2007
• 
  Bright Star equipped no. 34-418 in Transnet Freight Rail livery, Saldanha, 10 February 2013

References

1. South African Railways Index and Diagrams Electric and Diesel Locomotives, 610 mm and 1065 mm Gauges, Ref LXD 14/1/100/20, 28 January 1975, as amended
2. Middleton, John N. (2002). Railways of Southern Africa Locomotive Guide - 2002 (as amended by Combined Amendment List 4, January 2009) (2nd, Dec 2002 ed.). Herts, England: Beyer-Garratt Publications. pp. 38, 40–41, 45–46.
3. Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 140–141. ISBN   0869772112.
4. No. 34-434 with saddle filter, 23 September 2009 (Accessed on 7 June 2017)
5. No. 34-435 without saddle filter, 1 March 1982 (Accessed on 7 June 2017)
6. No. 34-441 with saddle filter, 19 August 2010 (Accessed on 7 June 2017)
7. Information received from John Nicholas Middleton
8. Soul of A Railway, System 7, Western Transvaal, based in Johannesburg, Part 24: Krugersdorp-Zeerust-Mafeking (Home Signal), Part 1 by Les Pivnic. Introduction: Engine Power. (Accessed on 5 May 2017)
9. Soul of A Railway, System 7, Western Transvaal, based in Johannesburg, Part 25: Krugersdorp-Zeerust-Mafeking (Home Signal), Part 2 by Les Pivnic. Caption 56. (Accessed on 6 May 2017)
10. Actom Divisions News, 22 July 2010 Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
11. Information supplied by Orex train crew members
12. Soul of A Railway, System 7, Western Transvaal, based in Johannesburg, Part 9. South-Eastwards as far as Volksrust (2nd part) by Les Pivnic. Caption 4. Archived 24 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine (Accessed on 11 April 2017)