CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson South African Class 01 2-6-0ST | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. 123 (ex no. M23), still as a tender locomotive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The Cape Government Railways 1st Class 2-6-0 of 1876 by Kitson was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Union of South Africa is the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape Colony, the Natal Colony, the Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony. It included the territories that were formerly a part of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State.
The Cape of Good Hope, also known as the Cape Colony, was a British colony in present-day South Africa, named after the Cape of Good Hope. The British colony was preceded by an earlier Dutch colony of the same name, the Kaap de Goede Hoop, established in 1652 by the Dutch East India Company. The Cape was under Dutch rule from 1652 to 1795 and again from 1803 to 1806. The Dutch lost the colony to Great Britain following the 1795 Battle of Muizenberg, but had it returned following the 1802 Peace of Amiens. It was re-occupied by the UK following the Battle of Blaauwberg in 1806, and British possession affirmed with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.
In 1876 and 1877, the Cape Government Railways placed eight 2-6-0 Mogul type tender locomotives, built by Kitson, in service on the Cape Midland system. They were all eventually rebuilt to saddle-tank locomotives for use as shunting engines. Later, when a classification system was introduced by the Railways, they were designated 1st Class. [1] [2]
Eight 2-6-0 Mogul type tender locomotives were delivered to the Cape Government Railways (CGR) from Kitson and Company in 1876 and 1877, numbered in the range from M17 to M24. [1] [2] [3]
The Cape Government Railways (CGR) was the government-owned railway operator in the Cape Colony from 1874 until the creation of the South African Railways (SAR) in 1910.
Kitson and Company was a locomotive manufacturer based in Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
The locomotives were equipped with six-wheeled tenders. The engines were very similar to a pair of 2-6-0T Stephenson's Patent back-to-back locomotives which had been delivered to the Midland System from the same manufacturer earlier in 1876. The two types differed in respect of their boiler pitch, which was 5 inches (127 millimetres) higher on the tender locomotives, and their wheelbase and coupled wheel spacing, with the second and third coupled wheels 3 inches (76 millimetres) further apart on the back-to-back tank locomotives. [1] [2] [3]
The locomotives were very similar in appearance to the Beyer, Peacock-built 2-6-0 locomotives which were delivered to the Western System in that same year. The most obvious difference was the steam dome which was located further forward on the boiler on the Kitson engines, about midway between cab and chimney. [1]
The Cape Government Railways 1st Class 2-6-0 of 1876 by Beyer, Peacock and Avonside was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The feedwater pump, attached to the right hand side of the spectacle plate, was actuated from the piston crosshead. The locomotive was, in addition, equipped with a small feedwater injector feed attached to the left side of the smokebox, for use in cases of emergency or while the locomotive was stationary. The injector had been invented by the French engineer Henri Giffard in 1852. [4]
A steam injector is typically used to deliver cold water to a boiler against its own pressure using its own live or exhaust steam, replacing any mechanical pump. This was the purpose for which it was originally invented in 1858 by Henri Giffard. Its operation was from the start intriguing since it seemed paradoxical, almost like perpetual motion, but its operation was later explained using thermodynamics. Other types of injector may use other pressurised motive fluids such as air.
Baptiste Jules Henri Jacques Giffard was a French engineer. In 1852 he invented the steam injector and the powered Giffard dirigible airship.
Tyre wear was reduced by supplying jets of water, fed from 1⁄2 inch (13 millimetres) diameter pipes, to the leading wheels while rounding curves. This was found to diminish friction significantly. [4]
The cylinders and slide valve faces were lubricated by tallow cups, attached to the sides of the cylinder assembly. When melted tallow was later found to be unsatisfactory, it was replaced by vegetable oils. [4]
The eight locomotives were eventually all rebuilt for use in shunting service by relieving them of their tenders and equipping them with saddle-tanks. This was probably done while they were gradually getting withdrawn from mainline work. The main picture shows no. 123 still as a tender locomotive and can be dated to somewhere between c. 1886, when it was renumbered from M23 to 123, and c. 1890, when it was renumbered to 223. [1] [2] [3] [5]
By year-end 1896, five of the locomotives were no longer reflected in the CGR registers. The remaining three all ended up being employed as shunting engines in Port Elizabeth, where they spent the rest of their service lives. When a classification system was introduced on the CGR, they were designated 1st Class. [1] [2] [5] [6]
When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Even though the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912. [6] [7]
By 1912, the three remaining shunting engines in Port Elizabeth still survived to be taken onto the SAR roster. Since they were considered obsolete by the SAR, they were designated Class 01 and renumbered by having the numeral 0 prefixed to their existing numbers. Even though they were considered obsolete, two of them were only scrapped in the 1930s. [2] [5] [6] [8]
During the CGR era, all these locomotives were renumbered more than once. By 1886, the Midland System's "M" prefix was replaced by the numeral 1. They were renumbered at least twice more, by 1890 and by 1896. The works numbers, years in service, original numbers and known renumbering of the Cape 1st Class Kitson-built Moguls of 1876 are listed in the table. [1] [2] [6] [9]
Works no. | Year | Orig. no. | 1886 no. | 1890 no. | 1896 no. | 1899 no. | 1904 no. | SAR no. | Scrapped |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2079 | 1876 | M17 | 117 | 217 | |||||
2080 | 1876 | M18 | 118 | 218 | |||||
2081 | 1876 | M19 | 119 | 219 | |||||
2082 | 1876 | M20 | 120 | 220 | 420 | 420 | 420 | 0420 | 1914-09 |
2083 | 1876 | M21 | 121 | 221 | 421 | 421 | 421 | 0421 | 1935-10 |
2084 | 1877 | M22 | 122 | 222 | |||||
2085 | 1877 | M23 | 123 | 223 | 423 | 423 | 423 | 0423 | 1933-02 |
2086 | 1877 | M24 | 124 | 224 | |||||
Towards the end of 1896, a CGR 2-6-0 saddle-tank locomotive was sold to the Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen (OVGS), where it was classified as 2nd Class, allocated number 3 and named Bloemfontein. It was employed as shop locomotive at the Bloemfontein railway workshops. [1] [10]
During the Second Boer War, engine no. 3 came onto the roster of the Imperial Military Railways (IMR) as no. 303. The IMR was transformed into the Central South African Railways (CSAR) when the war ended, and the locomotive retained the number 303. [10]
Until photographic evidence came to light which proved differently, it had been believed that this locomotive was the Midland System's Kitson-built no. M22. However, judging from the position of the steam dome on engine no. 303, depicted after a turntable mishap, it was rebuilt from one of the Beyer, Peacock 1st Class 2-6-0 tender locomotives which had been built by Avonside Engine Company in 1877, on which the steam dome was located further back, closer to the cab. [9]
The original locomotive was, most likely, the Western System's no. W22 which was also no longer reflected in the CGR registers by year-end in 1896. It is possible that a transcription error during research may have led to the number W22 being recorded as number M22. [9]
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-6-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and no trailing wheels. This arrangement is commonly called a Mogul.
The South African Railways Class 8D 4-8-0 of 1903 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African Railways Class 7 4-8-0 of 1892 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African Railways Class 6H 4-6-0 of 1901 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African Railways Class 5A 4-6-2 of 1903 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 2nd Class 2-6-2TT of 1875 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 1st Class 4-4-0T of 1875 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 1st Class 2-6-0ST of 1876 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 1st Class 2-6-0 of 1879 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 4th Class 4-6-0TT of 1882 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 5th Class 4-6-0 of 1890 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 1st Class 0-4-0ST of 1875 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 2-6-0ST of 1900 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 1st Class locomotives include ten locomotive types, all designated 1st Class irrespective of differences in wheel arrangement or configuration.
The South African type ZB tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The South African type ZA tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
South African steam locomotive tenders were classified by means of type letters and sometimes numbers, while locomotive specifications included a list of permissible tenders which could be used with each engine class.
The South African type YE tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
The Cape Government Railways 4th Class 4-6-0TT of 1882 with Joy valve gear, was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson . |