Nezelof syndrome

Last updated
Nezelof syndrome
Other namesThymic dysplasia with normal immunoglobulins [1] : 85 
Autosomal recessive - en.svg
Autosomal recessive is the manner in which this condition is inherited
Specialty Immunology   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Symptoms Hepatosplenomegaly [2]
CausesCurrently unknown [3]
Diagnostic method Blood test [3] [4]
TreatmentAntimicrobial therapy, IV immunoglobulin [5]

Nezelof syndrome is an autosomal recessive [6] congenital immunodeficiency condition due to underdevelopment of the thymus. The defect is a type of purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency with inactive phosphorylase, this results in an accumulation of deoxy-GTP which inhibits ribonucleotide reductase. Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides, thus, DNA replication is inhibited.[ medical citation needed ]

Contents

Symptoms and signs

This condition causes severe infections. it is characterized by elevated immunoglobulins that function poorly. [7] [8] Other symptoms are: [2]

Cause

Genetically speaking, Nezelof syndrome is autosomal recessive. the condition is thought to be a variation of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). [8] However, the precise cause of Nezelof syndrome remains uncertain [3]

Mechanism

In the mechanism of this condition, one first finds that the normal function of the thymus has it being important in T-cell development and release into the body's blood circulation [9] Hassal's corpuscles [10] absence in thymus(atrophy) has an effect on T-cells. [3]

Diagnosis

Human Thymus Gray1178.png
Human Thymus

The diagnosis of Nezelof syndrome will indicate a deficiency of T-cells, [11] additionally in ascertaining the condition the following is done: [3] [4]

Differential diagnosis

The differential diagnosis for this condition consists of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome [3] [8]

Treatment

Bone marrow for transplant KM Transplantat.JPEG
Bone marrow for transplant

In terms of treatment for individuals with Nezelof syndrome, which was first characterized in 1964, [12] includes the following (effectiveness of bone marrow transplant is uncertain [4] ) :

See also

References

  1. ↑ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN   978-0-7216-2921-6.
  2. 1 2 "Immune defect due to absence of thymus | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lavini, Corrado; Moran, Cesar A.; Uliano, Morandi; Schoenhuber, Rudolf (2009). Thymus Gland Pathology: Clinical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Features. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 35 & 22. ISBN   9788847008281 . Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 Mosby (2016-04-28). Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions - eBook. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1226. ISBN   9780323414197.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Smeltzer, Suzanne C. O'Connell; Bare, Brenda G.; Hinkle, Janice L.; Cheever, Kerry H. (2010). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-surgical Nursing (12 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1563. ISBN   9780781785891 . Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  6. ↑ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 242700
  7. ↑ Cantani, Arnaldo (2008-01-23). Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1298. ISBN   9783540333951.
  8. 1 2 3 Disorders, National Organization for Rare (2003). NORD Guide to Rare Disorders. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 408. ISBN   9780781730631.
  9. ↑ Pearse, Gail (2006-08-01). "Normal Structure, Function and Histology of the Thymus". Toxicologic Pathology. 34 (5): 504–514. doi: 10.1080/01926230600865549 . ISSN   0192-6233. PMID   17067941.
  10. ↑ Kierszenbaum, Abraham L.; Tres, Laura (2015-05-04). Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 339. ISBN   9780323313353.
  11. ↑ Wallach, Jacques Burton (2007). Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.  504. ISBN   9780781730556. Nezelof syndrome diagnosis.
  12. ↑ Nezelof, C.; Jammet, M. L.; Lortholary, P.; Labrune, B.; Lamy, M. (October 1964). "Hereditary Thymic Hypoplasia: ITS Place and Responsibility in a Case of Lymphocytic, Normoplasmocytic and Normoglobulinemic Aplasia in an Infant". Archives Françaises de Pédiatrie. 21: 897–920. ISSN   0003-9764. PMID   14195287.

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