T cell deficiency

Last updated
T cell deficiency
Healthy Human T Cell.jpg
Human T Cell
Specialty Immunology
Symptoms Eczematous [1]
TypesPrimary or Secondary [2]
Diagnostic method Delayed hypersensitivity skin test, T cell count [1] [3] [4]
TreatmentBone marrow transplant, Immunoglobulin replacement [1] [2]

T cell deficiency is a deficiency of T cells, caused by decreased function of individual T cells, it causes an immunodeficiency of cell-mediated immunity. [1] T cells normal function is to help with the human body's immunity, they are one of the two primary types of lymphocytes (the other being B cells).[ medical citation needed ]

Contents

Symptoms and signs

Presentations differ among causes, but T cell insufficiency generally manifests as unusually severe common viral infections (respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus), diarrhea, and eczematous or erythrodermatous rashes. [1] Failure to thrive and cachexia are later signs of a T-cell deficiency. [1]

Mechanism

In terms of the normal mechanism of T cell we find that it is a type of white blood cell that has an important role in immunity, and is made from thymocytes. [5] One sees in the partial disorder of T cells that happen due to cell signaling defects, are usually caused by hypomorphic gene defects. [6] Generally, (micro)deletion of 22Q11.2 is the most often seen. [7]

Pathogens of concern

The main pathogens of concern in T cell deficiencies are intracellular pathogens, including Herpes simplex virus , Mycobacterium and Listeria . [8] Also, intracellular fungal infections are also more common and severe in T cell deficiencies. [8] Other intracellular pathogens of major concern in T cell deficiency are:

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of T cell deficiency can be ascertained in those individuals with this condition via the following: [1] [4] [3]

Types

Primary or secondary

Lymphoma Lymphoma macro.jpg
Lymphoma

Complete or partial deficiency

Treatment

Harvested bone marrow in preparation for transplant US Navy 021204-N-0696M-171 Surgical technician Amina Sherali places recently transfused bone marrow from Aviation Electronics Technician 1st Class Michael Griffioen into a sterile bag in preparation for transplant.jpg
Harvested bone marrow in preparation for transplant

In terms of the management of T cell deficiency for those individuals with this condition the following can be applied: [2] [1]

Epidemiology

In the U.S. this defect occurs in about 1 in 70,000, with the majority of cases presenting in early life. [1] Furthermore, SCID has an incidence of approximately 1 in 66,000 in California. [10]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Medscape > T-cell Disorders Archived 2019-12-30 at the Wayback Machine . Author: Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH; Chief Editor: Harumi Jyonouchi, MD. Updated: May 16, 2011
  2. 1 2 3 "Immunodeficiency (Primary and Secondary). Information". patient.info. Archived from the original on 2022-12-21. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
  3. 1 2 Fried, Ari J.; Bonilla, Francisco A. (2017-05-19). "Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Primary Antibody Deficiencies and Infections". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 22 (3): 396–414. doi:10.1128/CMR.00001-09. ISSN   0893-8512. PMC   2708392 . PMID   19597006.
  4. 1 2 "T-cell count: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-12-01. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
  5. ↑ Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts k, Walter P (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell . Garland Science: New York, NY pg 1367
  6. ↑ Cole, Theresa S.; Cant, Andrew J. (2010). "Clinical experience in T cell deficient patients". Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology. 6 (1): 9. doi: 10.1186/1710-1492-6-9 . ISSN   1710-1492. PMC   2877019 . PMID   20465788.
  7. ↑ Prasad, Paritosh (2013). Pocket Pediatrics: The Massachusetts General Hospital for Children Handbook of Pediatrics. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. Google books gives no page. ISBN   9781469830094. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  8. 1 2 Page 435 Archived 2023-01-12 at the Wayback Machine in: Jones, Jane; Bannister, Barbara A.; Gillespie, Stephen H. (2006). Infection: Microbiology and Management. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN   978-1-4051-2665-6.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Page 432 Archived 2023-01-12 at the Wayback Machine , Chapter 22, Table 22.1 in: Jones, Jane; Bannister, Barbara A.; Gillespie, Stephen H. (2006). Infection: Microbiology and Management. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN   978-1-4051-2665-6.
  10. ↑ "B-Cell and T-Cell Combined Disorders: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". 2018-12-11. Archived from the original on 2019-04-14. Retrieved 2017-05-19.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.