Ornithodoros

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Ornithodoros
Temporal range: Neogene–present
Ornithodoros-savignyi.jpg
Ornithodoros savignyi
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Ixodida
Family: Argasidae
Genus: Ornithodoros
C. L. Koch, 1837
Type species
Ornithodoros savignyi
Audouin, 1827
Synonyms [1]

Ornithodoros is a genus in the soft-bodied tick family, Argasidae. It is distinguished from other genera in the family by the absence of a lateral 'suture' line. [2] It is the largest genus within Argasidae, consisting of approximately 130 species. [3] Ornithodoros ticks are parasitic associates of shelter-seeking vertebrates, such as mammals, birds and reptiles. [4]

Contents

Prior to its reclassification in 1844, the genus Ornithodoros was described under the genus Argas. [4]

Physiology

SEM image of ventral view of female Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) tartakovskyi SEM image of ventral view of female Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) tartakovskyi..png
SEM image of ventral view of female Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) tartakovskyi

The opening between the midgut and hindgut has been lost, preventing these ticks from excreting digestive waste products from their bodies. [6]

Habitat

The genus Ornithodoros have been documented worldwide, with the highest occurrence in the Paleartic realm. [4]

Life Cycle

The life cycle of all species of Ornithodoros is parasitic and relies on one or multiple hosts, [7] most of which are shelter-seeking vertebrates, and can also parasitize humans. [8] Mating and moulting occur in close proximity to sites frequented by the hosts, such as nests. [7] Once a larvae hatches, it seeks out a host for its first meal of blood. After feeding for several hours to days, it detaches and molts into a nymph. The nymph will then reattach to a host and repeat the cycle for up to seven instars. Once it reaches adulthood, it continues to feed on the hosts multiple times.

Some Ornithodoros species can reproduce multiple times and may also exhibit autogeny. [9] The life span of some species may extend up to ten years. [9]

Disease

Due to their status as obligate hematophages, Ornithodoros ticks are constantly exposed to blood-borne pathogens. [10] When feeding on a host, small amounts of their saliva may enter the host and transmit infections. Ornithodoros is commonly recognized as a vector for tick-borne relapsing fever. [7] In addition to transmitting bacteria such as Borrelia , it is also responsible for causing relapsing fever. [8] Species of Ornithodoros are also known to transmit the African Swine Fever Virus, [11] which causes African swine fever in pigs or other closely related animals such as wild boars. [11]

Taxonomy

The Linnean name derives from ornithos (Greek : ὄρνιθος) and doros (Greek : Δωρόν), meaning "bird" and "gift", respectively.

It contains these species: [1]

Carios erraticus was previously placed in this genus, as Ornithodoros erraticus.

References

  1. 1 2 Joel Hallan (March 24, 2008). "Argasidae". Catalog of the Acari. Texas A&M University . Retrieved December 18, 2009.
  2. ↑ Ali, Abid; Khan, Mehran; Numan, Muhammad; Alouffi, Abdulaziz; Almutairi, Mashal M.; Pienaar, Ronel; de Castro, Minique H.; Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia; Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián; Mans, Ben J. (August 2024). "Description of a new Ornithodoros ( Pavlovskyella ) (Ixodida: Argasidae) tick species from Pakistan". Parasitology. 151 (9): 919–932. doi:10.1017/S0031182024000982. ISSN   0031-1820. PMC   11770527 . PMID   39355937.
  3. ↑ Estrada-Pena, A.; Mangold, A.J.; Nava, S.; Venzal, J.M.; Labruna, M.; Guglielmone, A.A. (2010-09-30). "A review of the systematics of the tick family Argasidae (Ixodida)". Acarologia. 50 (3): 317–333. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20101975. hdl: 11336/189371 . ISSN   0044-586X.
  4. 1 2 3 Estrada-Peña, A.; Kleinerman, G.; Baneth, G. (2017), Estrada-Peña, Agustín; Mihalca, Andrei Daniel; Petney, Trevor N. (eds.), "Genus Ornithodoros Koch, 1844" , Ticks of Europe and North Africa, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 41–43, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63760-0_10, ISBN   978-3-319-63759-4 , retrieved 2025-03-25
  5. ↑ Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián; Nova-Cancino, Valentina; Sobieski, Adam; Cachu, Pedro; Tkach, Vasyl; Michalski, Michelle (November 2024). "Description of Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) tartakovskyi using scanning electron microscopy, with notes on the morphology of Pavlovskyella sensu stricto and Theriodoros subgenera". Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. 15 (6): 102392. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102392 . PMID   39216360.
  6. ↑ Roberts, Larry S.; Janovy, John Jr. (2009). Foundations of Parasitology (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p.  647. ISBN   9780073028279.
  7. 1 2 3 "Ticks". Center for Disease Control and Prevention. December 31, 2017.
  8. 1 2 Saleh, Meriam N.; Allen, Kelly E.; Lineberry, Megan W.; Little, Susan E.; Reichard, Mason V. (June 2021). "Ticks infesting dogs and cats in North America: Biology, geographic distribution, and pathogen transmission". Veterinary Parasitology. 294 109392. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109392. PMC   9235321 . PMID   33971481.
  9. 1 2 Filatov, Serhii; Krishnavajhala, Aparna; Lopez, Job E. (2023-11-29). Tortosa, Pablo (ed.). "Autogenous reproduction by Ornithodoros turicata (Ixodida: Argasidae) females and vertical transmission of the tick-borne pathogen Borrelia turicatae (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae )". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 89 (11) e01032-23. Bibcode:2023ApEnM..89E1032F. doi:10.1128/aem.01032-23. ISSN   0099-2240. PMC   10686054 . PMID   37877726.
  10. ↑ "About Ticks and Tickborne Disease". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 15, 2024.
  11. 1 2 Pereira De Oliveira, Rémi; Hutet, Evelyne; Lancelot, Renaud; Paboeuf, Frédéric; Duhayon, Maxime; Boinas, Fernando; Pérez de León, Adalberto A.; Filatov, Serhii; Le Potier, Marie-Frédérique; Vial, Laurence (December 2020). "Differential vector competence of Ornithodoros soft ticks for African swine fever virus: What if it involves more than just crossing organic barriers in ticks?". Parasites & Vectors. 13 (1) 618. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04497-1 . ISSN   1756-3305. PMC   7725119 . PMID   33298119.
  12. ↑ Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián; Venzal, José M.; González-Acuña, Daniel; Nava, Santiago; Lopes, Marcos G.; Martins, Thiago F.; Figueroa, Cecilia; Fernández, Nicolás; Labruna, Marcelo B. (July 2016). "A new species of Ornithodoros (Acari: Argasidae) from desert areas of northern Chile". Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. 7 (5): 901–910. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.04.008. hdl: 11336/69021 . PMID   27132517.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Trape, Jean-François; Diatta, Georges; Arnathau, Céline; Bitam, Idir; Sarih, M’hammed; Belghyti, Driss; Bouattour, Ali; Elguero, Eric; Vial, Laurence; Mané, Youssouph; Baldé, Cellou; Prugnolle, Franck; Chauvancy, Gilles; Mahé, Gil; Granjon, Laurent; Duplantier, Jean-Marc; Durand, Patrick; Renaud, François (2013). "The epidemiology and geographic distribution of Relapsing Fever Borreliosis in West and North Africa, with a review of the Ornithodoros erraticus complex (Acari: Ixodida)". PLOS One . 8 (11): e78473. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878473T. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078473 . PMC   3817255 . PMID   24223812.
  14. ↑ Barros-Battesti, Darci Moraes; Landulfo, Gabriel Alves; Luz, Hermes Ribeiro; Marcili, Arlei; Onofrio, Valeria Castilho; Famadas, Kátia Maria (2015). "Ornithodoros faccinii n. sp. (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) parasitizing the frog Thoropa miliaris (Amphibia: Anura: Cycloramphidae) in Brazil". Parasites & Vectors . 8 (268): 268. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0877-3 . PMC   4489115 . PMID   25963542. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  15. 1 2 Venzal, José M.; González-Acuña, Daniel; Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián; Mangold, Atilio J.; Nava, Santiago (22 February 2015). "Two new species of Ornithodoros (Ixodida; Argasidae) from the Southern Cone of South America". Experimental and Applied Acarology. 66 (1): 127–139. doi:10.1007/s10493-015-9883-6. hdl: 11336/41197 . PMID   25702203. S2CID   17122435.
  16. ↑ Larrousse, F. (15 October 2017). "Présence au Kef (Tunisie) d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Ornithodoros: O. normandi n. sp" [The presence at Kef (Tunisia) of a new species in the genus Ornithodoros: Ornithodoros normandi n. sp.]. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée (in French). 1 (2): 170–177. doi: 10.1051/parasite/1923012170 .
  17. ↑ Venzal, JM; Nava, S; Mangold, AJ; Mastropaolo, M; Casás, G; Guglielmone, AA (2012). "Ornithodoros quilinensis sp. nov. (Acari, Argasidae), a new tick species from the Chacoan region in Argentina". Acta Parasitologica. 57 (3): 329–336. doi:10.2478/s11686-012-0034-5. hdl: 11336/96496 . PMID   22875683. S2CID   20344318.
  18. ↑ Labruna, Marcelo B.; Nava, Santiago; Marcili, Arlei; Barbieri, Amalia R. M.; Nunes, Pablo H.; Horta, Mauricio C.; Venzal, José M. (2016). "A new argasid tick species (Acari: Argasidae) associated with the rock cavy, Kerodon rupestris Wied-Neuwied (Rodentia: Caviidae), in a semiarid region of Brazil". Parasites & Vectors . 9 (511): 511. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1796-7 . PMC   5031252 . PMID   27655282. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  19. ↑ Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián; Toledo, Luís Felipe; Venzal, José M.; Marcili, Arlei; Martins, Thiago F.; Acosta, Igor C.L.; Pinter, Adriano; Labruna, Marcelo B. (2017). "Description of a new soft tick species (Acari: Argasidae: Ornithodoros) associated with stream-breeding frogs (Anura: Cycloramphidae: Cycloramphus) in Brazil". Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. 8 (5): 682–692. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.04.015. PMID   28506539.
  20. ↑ Kitaoka, S; Suzuki, H (1973). "Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) sawaii sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Argasidae) associated with the streaked shear-water, Colonectris leucomelas, from the Amami-oshima Islands, Japan". National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly. 13 (3): 142–8. PMID   4791252.
  21. ↑ Baltazard, M.; Pournaki, R.; Bahmanyar, M.; Chamsa, M. (12 October 2017). "Ornithodorus tartakovskyi Olenev 1931 et Borrelia (Spirochaeta) latychevii Sofiev 1941". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 30 (3): 225–242. doi: 10.1051/parasite/1955303225 . PMID   13238994.
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