August First Sports Team
The "August First Sports Team of the PLA", (中国人民解放军八一体育工作大队) also known as the "Bayi Sports Team" [a] (八一体工大队), was established in September 1951 as a division grade unit under the jurisdiction of the Cultural and Sports Bureau of the Propaganda Department of the General Political Department of the PLA (from 24 October 1957 to 1 December 1958, it was led by the Training Inspection Department instead). In December 1969, during the Cultural Revolution, the team was dissolved. It was rebuilt in May 1973, once more under the General Political Department. [1]
The purpose of establishing the team was two-sided. First, it was to be an outreach branch of the PLA, participating in competitive sports as a way to promote physical education, raise the visibility of the PLA, and increase its propaganda reach with the population: "serving the needs of our army's political work, serving the needs of our army's foreign exchanges and exhibitions, serving the needs of the officers and soldiers to carry out sports activities for the masses, and serving the needs of the overall national healthy development". [2] Second, it meant to improve the overall physical and psychological health of the PLA forces: "to guide or, perhaps, coach the troops into carrying out mass sports activities; to enhance the physical fitness of officers and soldiers, to enrich the cultural life of officers and soldiers, to promote the all-round development of officers and soldiers, and to directly generate troop combat effectiveness". [3]
In the beginning, the August 1st Team had no permanent facilities or barracks, and it was successively stationed in the warehouse of the Xiannongtan Stadium, the Dongrongxian hutong residential area, and the Ministry of Public Security's auditorium construction shed. This lasted until marshal He Long placed them in the campus of the People's Liberation Army National Defense University in Hongshankou, Xijiao, Beijing. [4] The first teams established by the August 1st was in men's and women's basketball. Afterwards, it set up men's and women's volleyball teams, football teams, track and field teams, weightlifting teams, cycling teams, swimming teams, gymnastics teams, table tennis teams, and handball teams. [4]
On 7 June 1956, at the "Sino-Soviet Weightlifting Friendly" held in Shanghai, the August 1st weightlifter Chen Jingkai broke the 56 kg class world record with a score of 133 kg. This was the first world record ever broken by a Chinese athlete. [5]
The succcess kept coming. In September 1959, the First National Games of the People's Republic of China were opened in Beijing. The PLA delegation was composed of August First Team members, and they managed to easily rank first in the gold medal and general medal table with 117 gold, 95 silver, and 64 bronze. In 1963 Second Games of the People's Republic of China, the PLA delegation again won the first place again with 72 gold, 53 silver, and 37 bronze. While this overwhelming dominance waned as civilian national sports developed, in the 11th National Games of 2019, the athletes of the August 1st team still won 19 gold medals. [4]
The 1970s and 1980s was the heyday of the August 1st basketball and women's basketball teams, with the men's basketball team being the first to tour the USA, and the women's basketball team winning five consecutive National Games' crowns. The men's basketball team, the "Bayi Rockets" would eventually dominate the early days of the CBA. [4]
In 2011, at the 5th World Military Games in Brazil, the August First team won 9 gold medals, contributing to the PLA delegation's second place in the gold medal table. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, the August First athletes won five gold medals, in women's weightlifting, men's gymnastics team and pommel horse, men's weightlifting, and men's table tennis team, its best performance at the Olympic Games. By 2011, the August 1st team had won 14 Olympic gold medals, 120 world championships, and 980 Asian and other important international championships, 1,452 national championships; 134 times won tournaments, 154 times broke the world record, 133 times broke the Asian record; trained 72 team sport players who went international, 748 nationally certified elite players (健将), and more than 1,700 athletes and coaches for the Chinese national team. [4]
The August 1st Team was located in Hongshankou, Haidian District, Beijing, and in Huangsi, Dongcheng District, it had a track-and-field and swimming training base. [6] At its peak, the August 1st Team had a men's and women's basketball team, men's and women's volleyball teams, football teams, track and field teams, men's and women's weightlifting teams, cycling teams, swimming teams, men's and women's gymnastics teams, men's and women's table tennis teams, men's and women's badminton teams, and handball teams. Retrenchment, however, started at the beginning of the 21st century, as professional sports in China developed and the non-professional military teams lost their advantage. The badminton team and the gymnastics team were dissolved first. [7] Then, in August 2003, the August 1st Football Team [8] 。The beach volleyball and swimming teams were merged in a cost-cutting measure. [7] By the 60th anniversary of its establishment in 2011, the August First component teams were the men's and women's basketball team, men's and women's volleyball, track and field, table tennis, weightlifting, gymnastics, and beach volleyball/swimming, for a total of 9 teams in 10 sports. [4] [7]
On 30 December 2017, as part of the 2015 military reforms, the August First Sport Team was transferred to the Military Sports Training Center of the Training and Management Department of the Central Military Commission. [6] 。
On 11 August 2020, the August 1st men's volleyball team was withdrawn from the volleyball Super League. On 9 September, the August 1st women's football team was withdrawn from the Chinese Women's League One. On October 13, the August 1st women's volleyball team was withdrawn from the 2020-21 season of the women's volleyball Super League. On October 20, the Chinese Basketball Association officially announced the withdrawal of the August 1st men's and women's basketball teams from the CBA and the WCBA. On the same day, 20 October 2020, a Military Sports Training Center reform and adjustment conference was held, and the conference announced that the Army would no longer participate in national general sports games or individual events, which meant that all competitive civilian sports teams would be dissolved. [9]
August First Military Sports Team
In 1958, at the Socialist Nations Friendship Games held in Leipzig, East Germany, China's Han Guishan won the military triathlon, becoming China's first military sports world champion. In 1979, the Chinese People's Liberation Army officially joined the International Military Sports Council. In October of the same year, the head of the Military Training Department of the General Staff, Shi Xia (石侠), announced that the August 1st Military Pentathlon team was established, with Han Guishan as the captain. The main task of the team was to represent China in the World Military Games and the annual World Military Pentathlon Championship. [10]
On December 20, 1982, under the sponsorship of Deng Xiaoping, the "PLA Military Sports Brigade" (军事体育运动大队—also known as the "August 1st Military Sports Team") was formally established. In 1997, the military pentathlon team was awarded the honorary title of "Military Pentathlon Hero Team" by the General Staff. In October 2001, the same award was granted by the CMC. In August 2012, the military pentathlon men's team achieved the feat of winning 17 consecutive crowns at the Pentathlon World Championships, and in the same year, the women's team achieved 12 consecutive championships. [11] [12]
The August 1st Military Team was located in Changxindian, Fengtai, Beijing. In the 2010s, the Team was composed of five event teams: shooting team, military pentathlon team, modern pentathlon team, fencing team, and triathlon team. [13] In 2016, as part of the 2015 People's Republic of China military reforms, the team's superior unit, the Military Training Department of the General Staff was abolished, and the Military Sports Team was transferred to the newly established Training Management Department. [14] [15]
PLA Ice Training Base
In October 1973, under the sponsorship of Ye Jianying, the August 1st Speed Skating team was officially established. In April 1981, under the auspices of the Central Military Commission, the General Staff, and the Shenyang Military Region, the speed skating team, that had previously drifted around without base, settled down in Shenyang and built the first open-air artificially refrigerated skating rink of the PLA. In October 1988, the Speed Skating Team was renamed the "Chinese People's Liberation Army Ice Training Base" (中国人民解放军冰上训练基地), and a new speed skating team was set up. In May 1989, a short track speed skating team was added. [17]
In October 1996, with the support of the General Staff and the Shenyang MR, the 44,600m2 Ice Training Base was built to the east of Zhaoling Mausoleum in Shenyang , including a standard 400m speed skating rink and an international standard short track speed skating hall. At the end of 2005, an indoor "August 1st Skating Hall" was built over the old outdoor rink. [18] [19] By 2009, the Ice Training Base had hosted more than 30 major competitions, domestic and international. [17]
In 2017, as with the other PLA sports institutions, the Ice Training Base was transferred to the Military Sports Training Center. [20] [21]
