Penstemon centranthifolius

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Penstemon centranthifolius
Penstemoncentranthifolius1.jpg
Status TNC G4.svg
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Penstemon
Species:
P. centranthifolius
Binomial name
Penstemon centranthifolius
(Benth.) Benth., 1835
Synonyms [2]
  • Chelone centranthifolia Benth. (1835)
  • Chelone cheilanthifolia Paxton (1836)

Penstemon centranthifolius is a species of penstemon known by the common name scarlet bugler. It is native to California and parts of Mexico, where it grows in many types of dry habitat from coast to desert, such as chaparral and oak woodland.

Contents

Description

Penstemon centranthifolius is a herbaceous plant that when mature will reach 30 to 120 centimeters in height. [3] Its stems are hairless and may be erect or ascending, growing straight upwards or growing out slightly and then curving to grow upwards. [4]

The leaves are cauline, attached to the stems rather than the base of the plant, and attached in five to eleven pairs on opposite sides of the stems. [4] They are thick with smooth edges and the ones midway up the stems the longest. [3] They range in size between 4 and 10 centimeters in length and 1 to 4 cm in width with ovate to lanceolate shape, egg shaped with a wider portion towards the base to resembling the head of a spear. Leaves may be attached directly to the stem or by a short petiole. The base of each leaf may be tapered or it may be auriculate-clasping, wrap partway around the stem with ear like projections. [4]

The top of the stem is occupied by a long inflorescence bearing narrow tubular flowers 2.5 to 3.3 centimeters long. The inflorescence is usually 15 to 60 cm of the stem, but may occasionally be as much as 100 cm in length. [4] The flowers are hairless with two lips that have projecting round to egg shaped lobes. The flowers are bright red to orange-red. [3] Like the rest of the flower the staminode is hairless and will extend out of the flower's opening, it is 13 to 14 millimeters long overall. Flowering takes place from February to as late as July. [4]

Taxonomy

Penstemon centranthifolius was scientifically described in a lecture delivered to the Horticultural Society of London by the botanist George Bentham 17 June 1834, but named Chelone centranthifolia. [5] [2] The next year this initial name was published in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, but the same year Bentham published a different argument about how Chelone should be distinguished from Pentstemon in his book Scrophularinaea Indicae renaming the species as Penstemon centranthifolius. [6] [2]

Names

In English is is known by the common name scarlet bugler. [4]

Hybrids

This species commonly hybridizes with showy penstemon (Penstemon spectabilis), a species with wide-mouthed purple-blue flowers, to produce a penstemon with pinkish-purple flowers which is intermediate in size and named Penstemon × parishii. [7]

Range and habitat

Penstemon centranthifolius is native to the US state of California and the Mexican state of Baja California. [8] It grows as far north as Glenn County, California. [9] They may be found in the California Coast Ranges, the Sacramento Valley, the San Joaquin Valley, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, the Mojave Desert, the Transverse Ranges, the San Jacinto Mountains, the South Coast, and the Channel Islands. [3]

It grows in dry habitats such as open chaparral, California oak woodlands, Joshua tree woodlands, pinyon–juniper woodlands, pine forests, and with coastal sage scrub. [4]

Conservation

The conservation organization NatureServe evaluated Penstemon centranthifolius in 1986. At that time they rated it as apparently secure globally (G4). [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Penstemon albomarginatus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon albomarginatus is a rare species of penstemon known by the common name white-margined penstemon. It is native to the deserts of southern Nevada, western Arizona, and southern California.

<i>Penstemon anguineus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

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<i>Penstemon azureus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

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<i>Penstemon barnebyi</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon barnebyi is a species of penstemon known by the common names White River Valley beardtongue and Barneby's beardtongue. It is native to the mountain and basin territory of central western Nevada, where it grows in sagebrush and woodland; there is also one occurrence just over the California border.

<i>Penstemon caesius</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon caesius, commonly known as the San Bernardino penstemon, is a low growing species of flowering plant. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains, as well as the southern mountains of the Sierra Nevada. It is a member of the flora on rocky slopes and in coniferous forests and alpine habitat in the mountains.

<i>Penstemon calcareus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon calcareus is a species of penstemon known by the common name limestone penstemon. It is native to California, where it is known from the deserts of central San Bernardino County, as well as the Death Valley area, where its distribution extends just over the border into Nevada. It grows in scrub and woodland, often on limestone substrates.

<i>Penstemon californicus</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon californicus is a species of penstemon known by the common name California penstemon. It is native to Baja California and is also known from fewer than 20 occurrences in California, mainly in Orange and Riverside Counties. It grows in the forest and woodland habitat of the Peninsular Ranges and nearby slopes.

<i>Penstemon cinicola</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon cinicola is a species of penstemon known by the common name ash penstemon. It is native to northeastern California and southern Oregon, where it grows in forests and plateau habitat.

<i>Penstemon filiformis</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Penstemon patens</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon patens is a species of penstemon known by the common name Lone Pine beardtongue. It is native to the central Sierra Nevada of California and slopes and plateau to the east, its distribution extending just into Nevada. It grows in forest, woodland, and scrub habitat types. It is a perennial herb producing hairless, waxy stems up to about 40 centimeters tall. The thick, lance-shaped, gray-green, opposite leaves are up to 9 centimeters long and 2 wide. There are usually many leaves clustered around the base of the plant and smaller pairs higher on the stem. The inflorescence bears wide-mouthed tubular flowers up to 2 centimeters long with corollas in shades of lavender to magenta. The flower is mostly hairless except for the staminode which may have a coat of orange or yellowish hairs.

<i>Penstemon procerus</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon procerus is a species of penstemon known by the common name littleflower penstemon. It is native to western North America from Alaska to California to Colorado, as far east in Canada as Manitoba, where it grows in mountain habitat such as meadows, often in alpine climates. This herbaceous perennial forms mats of herbage with some erect stems reaching about 40 centimeters in maximum height. There are several varieties which vary in morphology, some more decumbent than others, some of which are known commonly as pincushion penstemons for their matted forms. In general, the leaves are lance-shaped to oval, plentiful around the base of the plant with smaller ones arranged in opposite pairs along the stem. The inflorescence is made up of one or more clusters of tubular flowers with lipped, lobed mouths. Each flower is no more than one centimeter in length and is purple to blue in color, often with a white throat. The outside of the flower is generally hairless, while the inside may be lined with white or yellowish hairs.

<i>Penstemon spectabilis</i> Species of flowering plant

Penstemon spectabilis is a species of penstemon known by the common name showy penstemon or showy beardtongue. It is a perennial herb native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in the chaparral, scrub, and woodlands of the coastal mountain ranges.

<i>Penstemon brevisepalus</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon brevisepalus, commonly known as short-sepaled beardtongue, is an herbaceous plant in the plantain family. It is a perennial that produces pale lavender flowers in late spring.

<i>Penstemon albifluvis</i> Plant species in the plantain family

Penstemon albifluvis, the White River penstemon, is a disputed species or variety of Penstemon that grows in a small area in eastern Utah and western Colorado. It grows mainly on broken shale and rock formations in desert habitats. White River penstemon is very rare.

References

  1. 1 2 NatureServe (1 November 2024). "Penstemon centranthifolius". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 "Penstemon centranthifolius (Benth.) Benth". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Wetherwax, Margriet; Holmgren, Noel H. (2012). "Penstemon centranthifolius". Jepson eFlora. University of California, Berkley. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Freeman, Craig C. (29 July 2020) [2019]. "Penstemon centranthifolius". Flora of North America . p. 151. ISBN   978-0190868512. OCLC   1101573420 . Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  5. Bentham, George (1835). "Report on some of the more remarkable Hardy Ornamental Plants raised in the Horicultural Society's Garden from seeds received from Mr. David Douglas, in the years 1831, 1832, 1833". Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London. ser.2, 1 LIX: 481. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  6. Bentham, George (1835). Scrophularinaea Indicae : A synopsis of the East Indian Scrophularineae contained in the collections presented by the East India Company to the Linnean Society of London, and in those of Mr. Royle and others; with some general observations on the affinities and sub-divisions of the order. London: James Ridgway and Sons. p. 7. OCLC   7391940846 . Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  7. Armstrong W. Penstemon Hybrids
  8. Hassler, Michael (5 November 2024). "Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 24.11". World Plants. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  9. Penstemon centranthifolius, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 13 November 2024