Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest vertebrate animal family overall, with about 3,000 species; only 1,270 of these remain extant, divided into about 200 valid genera. Cyprinids range from about 12 mm (0.5 in) in size to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb. By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes. The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos.
Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, which includes many families and genera of cyprinid fish, such as barbs, gobies, loaches, botias, and minnows. Cypriniformes is an "order-within-an-order", placed under the superorder Ostariophysi—which is also made up of cyprinid, ostariophysin fishes. The order contains 11–12 families, over 400 genera, and more than 4,250 named species; new species are regularly described, and new genera are recognized frequently. Cyprinids are most diverse in South and Southeast Asia, but are entirely absent from Australia and South America. At 112 years old, the longest-lived cypriniform fish documented is the bigmouth buffalo.
Chondrostoma is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the common nase . The common name refers to the protruding upper jaw of these fishes; it is derived from the German term Nase 'nose'.
Garra is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Anatolia and the Middle East belongs in this genus. The majority of the more than 160 species of garras are native to Asia, but about one-fifth of the species are from Africa.
Psilorhynchus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Psilorhynchidae native to South Asia. This genus is the only member of its family. The members of Psilorhynchus are small benthic fishes which occur in rivers and streams with fast to swift currents, hence they are often referred to as torrent minnows. They are distributed in southern Asia, in the Indo-Burma region and the Western Ghats.
The least rasbora or exclamation point rasbora is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Boraras, native to freshwater habitats in mainland southeast Asia. This species is very small, ranging from 12 to 16 mm.
Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows.
Chrosomus is a genus of small cyprinid fish found in freshwater habitats in the eastern half of the United States and Canada. There are currently seven recognized species in this genus. They have sometimes been included in Phoxinus. They are the only members of the predominantly western subfamily Laviniinae that are found in eastern North America.
Ericymba is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are native to North America. This genus is treated as a synonym of Notropis by some authorities.
Gobioninae is a monophyletic subfamily of Eurasian cyprinid fishes. A species-rich subfamily, it is divided into five tribes: Gobionini, Pseudogobionini, Hemibarbini, Coreiini, and Sarcocheilichthyini.
Phoxinus apollonicus is a species of small cyprinid fish from Montenegro and Albania.
Phoxinus karsticus is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. It was described in 2015 from Popovo Polje in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is probably endemic to the rivers of this region.
Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp and the black carp, have been introduced to other parts of the world for weed control and aquaculture. They are large cyprinids characterised by an enlarged subtemporal fossa, the palate articulating with the supraethmoid, an enlarged intercalar bone in the cranial vault, and a divided levator posterior muscle.
Xenocyprinae, is a contentious subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, the carp and minnow family, originally from eastern Asia.
Phoxinus ketmaieri is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Krk island and River Cetina, River Zrmanje and others rivers of the Dalmatia, the rivers Krka and Neretva in Croatia.This species reaches a length of 4.6 cm (1.8 in).
Pogonichthyinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Leuciscidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of this family are known as American minnows or the North American (NA) clade of minnows. As the name suggests, all members of this family are found in North America (although they are not the only minnows native to North America, as Plagopterinae, Laviniinae, and Leuciscinae are also found there).
Plagopterinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Leuciscidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of this family are known as creek chubs or the creek chub-plagopterin (CC-P) clade of minnows. All members of this family are found in North America, and it includes among the northernmost-distributed of all North American minnows, the lake chub.
Laviniinae is a clade of the subfamily Leuciscinae, treated as a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Leuciscidae by some authorities, which contains the true minnows. Members of this clade are known as western chubs or the western clade (WC) of minnows. As the name suggests, most members of this clade are found in western North America aside from Chrosomus, which is found in eastern North America.
Pseudaspininae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Leuciscidae, which contains the true minnows. It is also known as the Far East Asian (FEA) clade of minnows. As the name suggests, all members of this family are found in East Asia.
Phoxinus likai is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in the River Oruca system in Croatia. This species reaches a length of 4.9 cm (1.9 in).
