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Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 to 1992. It came into existence following World War I, under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from the merger of the Kingdom of Serbia with the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and constituted the first union of South Slavic peoples as a sovereign state, following centuries of foreign rule over the region under the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy. Peter I of Serbia was its first sovereign. The kingdom gained international recognition on 13 July 1922 at the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris. The official name of the state was changed to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929.
Yugoslavs or Yugoslavians is an identity that was originally conceived to refer to a united South Slavic people. It has been used in two connotations: the first in a sense of common shared ethnic descent, i.e. panethnic or supraethnic connotation for ethnic South Slavs, and the second as a term for all citizens of former Yugoslavia regardless of ethnicity. Cultural and political advocates of Yugoslav identity have historically purported the identity to be applicable to all people of South Slav heritage, including those of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia. Although Bulgarians are a South Slavic group as well, attempts at uniting Bulgaria with Yugoslavia were unsuccessful, and therefore Bulgarians were not included in the panethnic identification. Since the dissolution of Yugoslavia and establishment of South Slavic nation states, the term ethnic Yugoslavs has been used to refer to those who exclusively view themselves as Yugoslavs with no other ethnic self-identification, many of these being of mixed ancestry.
Sava Kovačević was a Yugoslav Partisan divisional commander during World War II, and one of the heroes of the communist Partisan movement.
After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, the constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused a series of inter-ethnic Yugoslav Wars. The wars primarily affected Bosnia and Herzegovina, neighbouring parts of Croatia and, some years later, Kosovo.
Yugoslavia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 27 times, debuting in 1961 and competing every year until its last appearance in 1992, with the exceptions of 1977–1980, and 1985. The Yugoslavian participant broadcaster in the contest was Jugoslavenska radiotelevizija (JRT) which selected its entrant with the national competition Jugovizija. Yugoslavia won the 1989 contest and hosted the 1990 contest.
Yugo-nostalgia is an emotional longing for the former country of Yugoslavia which is experienced by some people in its successor countries: the present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo, and Slovenia. It is a political and cultural phenomenon that includes nostalgia for a time past when the splintered states were a part of one country, grief over the war that tore it apart, and a desire to again unite. Self-described Yugo-nostalgics may express grief at the failure of brotherly love, unity, and coexistence, and distress at division and nationalism, or they may express that their quality of life was better in Yugoslavia.
Srb is a village located in the southeastern part of Lika, in Croatia, till 2011 administratively divided into Donji Srb and Gornji Srb. Srb lies in the Una River valley, on the road from Donji Lapac to Knin, and is east of Gračac. It is currently part of the Gračac municipality and the Zadar County.
The Socialist Republic of Serbia, previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia, commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia or simply Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo. Its formation was initiated in 1941, and achieved in 1944–1946, when it was established as a federated republic within Yugoslavia. In that form, it lasted until the constitutional reforms from 1990 to 1992, when it was reconstituted, as the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was the largest constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade, was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia.
Languages of Yugoslavia are all languages spoken in former Yugoslavia. They are mainly Indo-European languages and dialects, namely dominant South Slavic varieties as well as Albanian, Aromanian, Bulgarian, Czech, German, Italian, Venetian, Balkan Romani, Romanian, Pannonian Rusyn, Slovak and Ukrainian languages. There are also pockets where varieties of non-Indo-European languages, such as those of Hungarian and Turkish, are spoken.
The Sisak People's Liberation Partisan Detachment, also known as the 1st Sisak Partisan Detachment, was the first Partisan armed anti-fascist resistance unit formed in occupied Yugoslavia following the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers in April 1941.
Vojin Jelić was a Croatian Serb writer and poet. His literally work was focused on neo-veristic introspective and retrospective interaction with Serb culture and stories from the Knin region and the wider Dalmatian Hinterland.
Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991 with the song "Brazil" (Бразил), composed by Zoran Vračrvić, with lyrics by Dragana Šarić, and performed by Šarić herself under her stage name Bebi Dol. The Yugoslavian participating broadcaster, Jugoslavenska radiotelevizija (JRT), organized a national final, JRT izbor za pjesmu Evrovizije – Sarajevo '91, to select its entry for the contest. This was the penultimate entry from Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest.
The office of the president of the Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia existed from the death of the President of the Republic Josip Broz Tito on 4 May 1980 until the dissolution of the country by 1992.
The Srb uprising was a rebellion against the Independent State of Croatia that began on 27 July 1941 in Srb, a village in the region of Lika. The uprising was started by the local population as a response to persecutions of Serbs by the Ustaše and was led by Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans. It soon spread across Lika and Bosanska Krajina. During the uprising numerous war crimes were committed against local Croat and Muslim population, especially in the area of Kulen Vakuf. As NDH forces lacked the strength to suppress the uprising, the Italian Army, which was not a target of the rebels, expanded its zone of influence to Lika and parts of Bosanska Krajina.
The Chief of the General Staff of Yugoslavia refers of the chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army from 1918 to 1941, the Yugoslav People's Army from 1945 to 1992 and the Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro from 1992 to 2006.
The Women's Antifascist Front, was a Yugoslav feminist and anti-fascist mass organisation. The predecessor to several feminist front groups in the former Yugoslavia, and present-day organisations in the region, the AFŽ was heavily involved in organising and participating in the Partisans, the communist and multi-ethnic resistance to Nazi occupation of Yugoslavia during World War II.
The Drvar uprising was the World War II uprising of the Serb population of Bosnian Krajina. Italy supported it, both politically and in arms, in its struggle against the fascist puppet state of the Independent State of Croatia between 27 July and 26 September 1941.
The May consultations were an underground gathering of the Central Committee (Politburo) of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) and leaders of its regional branches held after World War II in Yugoslavia started, on the initiative of Josip Broz Tito in early May 1941 in Zagreb, at the time part of the so-called Independent State of Croatia.
The Association of Writers of Yugoslavia or the Yugoslav Writer's Union was an umbrella organisation of 6 of the constituent republics' writers associations in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Association coordinated cooperation between its member organizations. From 1965 onwards, the Association was transformed into a coordination body of its members at the time; the Association of Writers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Association of Writers of Montenegro, the Croatian Writers' Association, the Association of Writers of Serbia, Association of Writers of Macedonia and the Slovene Writers' Association. Ivo Andrić was unanimously elected as the first president of the Association in 1946.
References
- ↑ Anne Sires Kahl (1963). Labor Law and Practice in Yugoslavia. Bureau of Labor Statistics. p. 44.
- 1 2 Hannes Grandits (2010). "What To Do at the Weekend? Leisure for Happy Consumers, Refreshed Workers, and Good Citizens". In Hannes Grandits; Karin Taylor (eds.). Yugoslavia's Sunny Side: A History of Tourism in Socialism (1950s-1980s). Central European University Press. p. 29. ISBN 9639776696.
- 1 2 n.a. (29 November 2021). "Zašto se slavio 29. novembar i kako je ukinut". Radio Television of Serbia . Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ↑ Donald Niebyl (19 April 2020). "14 Places to Time-Travel back to Yugoslavia". Spomenik Database. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ↑ Anja Vladisavljević; Milica Stojanović (25 May 2021). "Tito's Yugo-Nostalgic Admirers Celebrate Socialist-Era Holiday". Balkan Insight . Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ↑ Lily Lynch (29 November 2015). "Today is Republic Day: 70 Years of Yugoslavia". Balkanist. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ↑ Šarić, Ljiljana (2012). "Croatia in Search of a National Day. Front-page Presentations of National Day Celebrations, 1988-2005". In Ljiljana Šarić; Karen Gammelgaard; Kjetil Rå Hauge (eds.). Transforming National Holidays: Identity Discourse in the West and South Slavic Countries, 1985-2010. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 9027206384.
- ↑ n.a. (n.d.). "Dan Osvobodilne fronte 27.4.1941". Antifašistički vjesnik. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ↑ n.a. (n.d.). "Dan ustanka naroda Srbije 07.07.1941". Antifašistički vjesnik. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ↑ n.a. (n.d.). "Dan ustanka naroda Crne Gore 13.07.1941". Antifašistički vjesnik. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ↑ n.a. (12 July 2021). "U Crnoj Gori obilježen Dan državnosti, čestitali papa, Biden i kineski predsjednik, Đukanović poručio: 'Ostajemo na europskom putu'". Slobodna Dalmacija . Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ↑ n.a. (n.d.). "Dan ustanka naroda Slovenije 22.07.1941". Antifašistički vjesnik. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
