Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, during its existence from 1945 until 1991, include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects. During its last census in 1991, Yugoslavia enumerated 23,528,230 people. Serbs had a plurality, followed by Croats, Bosniaks, Albanians, Slovenes and Macedonians.
This is data from the last four Yugoslav censuses (1961, 1971, 1981, and 1991). Ethnic groups that were considered to be constitutive (explicitly mentioned in the constitution, and not considered minority or immigrant) appear in bold text.
Nationality | 1961 [1] | % | 1971 [2] | % | 1981 [3] | % | 1991 [3] | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serbs | 7,806,152 | 42.1% | 8,143,246 | 39.7% | 8,140,507 | 36.3% | 8,526,872 | 36.2% |
Croats | 4,293,809 | 23.2% | 4,526,782 | 22.1% | 4,428,043 | 19.7% | 4,636,700 | 19.7% |
Slav Muslims [lower-alpha 1] | 972,960 | 5.3% | 1,729,932 | 8.4% | 1,999,890 | 8.9% | 2,353,002 | 10.0% |
Albanians | 914,733 | 4.9% | 1,309,523 | 6.4% | 1,730,878 | 7.7% | 2,178,393 | 9.3% |
Slovenes | 1,589,211 | 8.6% | 1,678,032 | 8.2% | 1,753,571 | 7.8% | 1,760,460 | 7.5% |
Macedonians | 1,045,516 | 5.7% | 1,194,784 | 5.8% | 1,341,598 | 6.0% | 1,372,272 | 5.8% |
Yugoslavs | 317,124 | 1.7% | 273,077 | 1.3% | 1,209,024 | 5.4% | 710,394 | 3.0% |
Montenegrins | 513,832 | 2.8% | 508,843 | 2.5% | 579,043 | 2.6% | 539,262 | 2.3% |
Hungarians | 504,369 | 2.7% | 477,374 | 2.3% | 426,867 | 1.9% | 378,997 | 1.6% |
Romani | 78,485 | 0.4% | 148,604 | 0.7% | n/a | n/a | ||
Turks | 127,920 | 0.6% | 101,328 | 0.5% | n/a | n/a | ||
Slovaks | 83,656 | 0.4% | 80,300 | 0.4% | n/a | n/a | ||
Romanians | 58,570 | 0.3% | 54,721 | 0.2% | n/a | n/a | ||
Bulgarians | 58,627 | 0.3% | 36,642 | 0.2% | n/a | n/a | ||
Vlachs | 21,990 | 0.1% | 32,071 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Rusyns | 24,640 | 0.1% | 23,320 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Czechs | 24,620 | 0.1% | 19,609 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Italians | 21,791 | 0.1% | 15,116 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Ukrainians | 13,972 | 0.1% | 12,716 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Germans | 12,875 | 0.1% | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | ||
Russians | 7,427 | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | |||
Jews | 4,811 | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | |||
Poles | 4,033 | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | |||
Greeks | 1,564 | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | |||
other/not determined | 591,585 | 3.2% | 136,398 | 0.6% | 302,254 | 1.5% | n/a | n/a |
Total | 18,549,291 | 100.00% | 20,522,972 | 100.0% | 22,438,331 | 100.00% | 23,528,230 | 100.0% |
The population data are from the 1991 census.
Rank | Republic/Province | Population 1991 [4] | % |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Serbia | 9,791,475 | 40.9% |
--- | Serbia proper | 5,824,126 | 24.0% |
2 | Croatia | 4,784,265 | 20.6% |
3 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4,364,574 | 18.8% |
4 | Macedonia | 2,033,964 | 8.8% |
--- | Vojvodina | 2,012,605 | 8.6% |
--- | Kosovo | 1,954,744 | 8.4% |
5 | Slovenia | 1,962,606 | 8.2% |
6 | Montenegro | 615,276 | 2.6% |
Yugoslavia | 23,528,230 | 100% |
Rank | Republic/Province | Population [4] | Area (km2) [2] | Density |
---|---|---|---|---|
--- | Kosovo | 1,954,744 | 10,887 | 183.1 |
1 | SR Serbia | 9,791,475 | 88,361 | 114.0 |
--- | Serbia proper | 5,824,126 | 55,968 | 99.4 |
2 | Slovenia | 1,962,606 | 20,251 | 94.5 |
--- | Vojvodina | 2,012,605 | 21,506 | 92.8 |
3 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4,364,574 | 51,129 | 85.6 |
4 | Croatia | 4,784,265 | 56,538 | 84.6 |
5 | Macedonia | 2,033,964 | 25,713 | 79.1 |
6 | Montenegro | 615,276 | 13,810 | 44.5 |
Yugoslavia | 23,528,230 | 255,804 | 92.6 |
Vital statistics [5] [6] | Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1947 | 15,679,000 | 416,799 | 199,902 | 216,897 | 26.6 | 12.7 | 13.8 | ||
1948 | 15,901,032 | 446,634 | 214,015 | 232,619 | 28.1 | 13.5 | 14.6 | ||
1949 | 16,133,000 | 483,663 | 217,180 | 266,483 | 30.0 | 13.5 | 16.5 | ||
1950 | 16,339,860 | 492,993 | 212,165 | 280,828 | 30.2 | 13.0 | 17.2 | 3.77 | 4,411,195 |
1951 | 16,578,223 | 446,254 | 234,689 | 211,565 | 26.9 | 14.2 | 12.8 | 3.32 | 4,455,670 |
1952 | 16,793,498 | 498,172 | 197,520 | 300,652 | 29.7 | 11.8 | 17.9 | 3.65 | 4,500,131 |
1953 | 17,048,601 | 484,139 | 211,790 | 272,349 | 28.4 | 12.4 | 16.0 | 3.41 | 4,544,601 |
1954 [7] | 17,284,632 | 493,567 | 187,521 | 306,046 | 28.6 | 10.8 | 17.7 | 3.40 | 4,600,326 |
1955 [8] | 17,522,438 | 471,394 | 199,982 | 271,412 | 26.9 | 11.4 | 15.5 | 3.18 | 4,656,054 |
1956 | 17,690,580 | 460,235 | 198,497 | 261,738 | 26.0 | 11.2 | 14.8 | 3.04 | 4,711,776 |
1957 | 17,865,515 | 426,701 | 190,334 | 236,367 | 23.9 | 10.7 | 13.2 | 2.77 | 4,745,520 |
1958 | 18,034,999 | 432,399 | 166,801 | 265,598 | 24.0 | 9.2 | 14.7 | 2.79 | 4,749,438 |
1959 | 18,226,203 | 424,276 | 180,747 | 243,529 | 23.3 | 9.9 | 13.4 | 2.76 | 4,708,379 |
1960 [9] | 18,402,257 | 432,595 | 182,693 | 249,902 | 23.5 | 9.9 | 13.6 | 2.83 | 4,689,628 |
1961 | 18,592,567 | 422,180 | 167,447 | 254,733 | 22.7 | 9.0 | 13.7 | 2.78 | 4,670,880 |
1962 | 18,815,935 | 413,093 | 186,843 | 226,250 | 22.0 | 9.9 | 12.0 | 2.68 | 4,766,916 |
1963 | 19,036,409 | 407,406 | 169,744 | 237,662 | 21.4 | 8.9 | 12.5 | 2.64 | 4,804,648 |
1964 | 19,260,364 | 401,104 | 181,255 | 219,849 | 20.8 | 9.4 | 11.4 | 2.62 | 4,861,010 |
1965 [10] | 19,489,605 | 408,158 | 170,549 | 237,609 | 20.9 | 8.8 | 12.2 | 2.69 | 4,938,773 |
1966 | 19,739,122 | 399,802 | 159,570 | 240,232 | 20.3 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 2.64 | 5,043,670 |
1967 | 19,960,120 | 389,640 | 174,060 | 215,580 | 19.5 | 8.7 | 10.8 | 2.55 | 5,176,374 |
1968 | 20,121,246 | 382,543 | 174,800 | 207,743 | 19.0 | 8.7 | 10.3 | 2.47 | 5,291,934 |
1969 | 20,251,498 | 382,764 | 188,693 | 194,071 | 18.9 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 2.43 | 5,421,866 |
1970 [11] | 20,386,272 | 363,278 | 181,843 | 181,435 | 17.8 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 2.27 | 5,492,906 |
1971 | 20,579,890 | 375,762 | 179,113 | 196,649 | 18.3 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 2.38 | 5,458,432 |
1972 | 20,797,221 | 380,743 | 190,578 | 190,165 | 18.3 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 2.36 | 5,518,843 |
1973 | 21,008,154 | 379,051 | 180,997 | 198,054 | 18.0 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 2.31 | 5,575,065 |
1974 | 21,223,359 | 382,947 | 177,691 | 205,256 | 18.0 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 2.29 | 5,596,395 |
1975 [12] | 21,441,297 | 388,037 | 184,907 | 203,130 | 18.1 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 2.28 | 5,651,830 |
1976 | 21,674,043 | 392,364 | 182,965 | 209,399 | 18.1 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 2.26 | 5,684,130 |
1977 | 21,900,681 | 384,637 | 182,803 | 201,834 | 17.6 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 2.19 | 5,706,563 |
1978 | 22,121,687 | 381,387 | 191,087 | 190,300 | 17.2 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 2.16 | 5,720,058 |
1979 | 22,297,376 | 378,803 | 190,304 | 188,499 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 2.13 | 5,748,224 |
1980 [13] | 22,359,500 | 382,120 | 197,369 | 184,751 | 17.1 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 2.14 | 5,776,387 |
1981 | 22,499,154 | 369,047 | 201,201 | 167,846 | 16.4 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 2.09 | 5,706,892 |
1982 | 22,646,153 | 378,814 | 203,272 | 175,542 | 16.7 | 9.0 | 7.8 | 2.14 | 5,686,451 |
1983 | 22,800,697 | 374,610 | 218,980 | 155,630 | 16.4 | 9.6 | 6.8 | 2.11 | 5,704,798 |
1984 | 22,954,868 | 377,362 | 214,725 | 162,637 | 16.4 | 9.4 | 7.1 | 2.11 | 5,729,944 |
1985 [14] | 23,121,383 | 366,629 | 212,883 | 153,746 | 15.9 | 9.2 | 6.6 | 2.05 | 5,764,187 |
1986 | 23,259,342 | 359,626 | 213,149 | 146,477 | 15.5 | 9.2 | 6.3 | 2.00 | 5,830,545 |
1987 | 23,393,494 | 359,338 | 214,666 | 144,672 | 15.4 | 9.2 | 6.2 | 2.00 | 5,820,653 |
1988 | 23,526,195 | 356,268 | 213,466 | 142,802 | 15.1 | 9.1 | 6.1 | 1.98 | 5,838,991 |
1989 | 23,594,157 | 336,394 | 215,483 | 120,911 | 14.3 | 9.1 | 5.1 | 1.88 | 5,895,545 |
1990 [15] [16] | 23,657,623 | 335,152 | 212,148 | 123,004 | 14.2 | 9.0 | 5.2 | 1.87 | 5,922,912 |
1991 [17] | 23,532,279 | 325,922 | 221,929 | 103,993 | 13.8 | 9.4 | 4.4 | 1.94 | 5,669,046 |
Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) | |
Average population | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1000) | Divorces per 1000 marriages | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1947 | 15,679,000 | 205,835 | 20,915 | 13.1 | 1.3 | 101.6 |
1948 | 15,901,032 | 203,822 | 24,586 | 12.8 | 1.5 | 120.6 |
1949 | 16,133,000 | 184,078 | 16,985 | 11.4 | 1.1 | 92.3 |
1950 | 16,339,860 | 185,965 | 17,879 | 11.4 | 1.1 | 96.1 |
1951 | 16,578,223 | 170,133 | 15,538 | 10.3 | 0.9 | 91.3 |
1952 | 16,793,498 | 176,055 | 12,359 | 10.5 | 0.7 | 70.2 |
1953 | 17,048,601 | 167,940 | 16,020 | 9.9 | 0.9 | 95.4 |
1954 | 17,284,632 | 171,547 | 16,053 | 9.9 | 0.9 | 93.6 |
1955 | 17,522,438 | 162,711 | 19,389 | 9.3 | 1.1 | 119.2 |
1956 | 17,690,580 | 156,379 | 19,336 | 8.8 | 1.1 | 123.6 |
1957 | 17,865,515 | 154,970 | 20,421 | 8.7 | 1.1 | 131.8 |
1958 | 18,034,999 | 170,242 | 21,856 | 9.4 | 1.2 | 128.4 |
1959 | 18,226,203 | 163,572 | 21,483 | 9.0 | 1.2 | 131.3 |
1960 | 18,402,257 | 168,120 | 22,085 | 9.1 | 1.2 | 131.4 |
1961 | 18,592,567 | 168,510 | 21,532 | 9.1 | 1.2 | 127.8 |
1962 | 18,815,935 | 162,672 | 21,198 | 8.6 | 1.1 | 130.3 |
1963 | 19,036,409 | 157,909 | 21,328 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 135.1 |
1964 | 19,260,364 | 166,998 | 21,405 | 8.7 | 1.1 | 128.2 |
1965 | 19,489,605 | 174,301 | 21,649 | 8.9 | 1.1 | 124.2 |
1966 | 19,739,122 | 168,789 | 23,042 | 8.6 | 1.2 | 136.5 |
1967 | 19,960,120 | 169,282 | 20,840 | 8.5 | 1.0 | 123.1 |
1968 | 20,121,246 | 170,470 | 20,984 | 8.5 | 1.0 | 123.1 |
1969 | 20,251,498 | 174,507 | 20,178 | 8.6 | 1.0 | 115.6 |
1970 | 20,386,272 | 182,704 | 20,473 | 9.0 | 1.0 | 112.1 |
1971 | 20,579,890 | 183,916 | 21,347 | 8.9 | 1.0 | 116.1 |
1972 | 20,797,221 | 186,156 | 22,040 | 9.0 | 1.1 | 118.4 |
1973 | 21,008,154 | 183,665 | 23,221 | 8.7 | 1.1 | 126.4 |
1974 | 21,223,359 | 181,192 | 24,802 | 8.5 | 1.2 | 136.9 |
1975 | 21,441,297 | 180,046 | 25,137 | 8.4 | 1.2 | 139.6 |
1976 | 21,674,043 | 174,918 | 24,431 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 139.7 |
1977 | 21,900,681 | 178,783 | 22,990 | 8.2 | 1.0 | 128.6 |
1978 | 22,121,687 | 178,819 | 24,180 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 135.2 |
1979 | 22,297,376 | 176,310 | 21,952 | 7.9 | 1.0 | 124.5 |
1980 | 22,359,500 | 171,439 | 22,583 | 7.7 | 1.0 | 131.7 |
1981 | 22,499,154 | 173,036 | 22,557 | 7.7 | 1.0 | 130.4 |
1982 | 22,646,153 | 172,359 | 22,715 | 7.6 | 1.0 | 131.8 |
1983 | 22,800,697 | 171,906 | 22,127 | 7.5 | 1.0 | 128.7 |
1984 | 22,954,868 | 167,789 | 22,260 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 132.7 |
1985 | 23,121,383 | 163,022 | 23,952 | 7.1 | 1.0 | 146.9 |
1986 | 23,259,342 | 160,277 | 22,557 | 6.9 | 1.0 | 140.7 |
1987 | 23,393,494 | 163,469 | 22,907 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 140.1 |
1988 | 23,526,195 | 160,419 | 23,127 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 144.2 |
1989 | 23,594,157 | 158,544 | 22,761 | 6.7 | 1.0 | 143.6 |
1990 | 23,657,623 | 146,975 | 20,551 | 6.2 | 0.9 | 139.8 |
1991 | 23,532,279 | 134,826 | 17,551 | 5.7 | 0.7 | 130.2 |
Average population | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1000) | Divorces per 1000 marriages |
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The SFRY recognised "nations" (narodi) and "nationalities" (narodnosti) separately; the former included the constituent Slavic peoples, while the latter included other Slavic and non-Slavic ethnic groups such as Bulgarians and Slovaks (Slavic); and Hungarians and Albanians (non-Slavic). About a total of 26 known ethnic groups were known to live in Yugoslavia, including non-European originated Romani people.
Some of the largest non-Slavic ethnic minorities – Hungarians of Serbia, Germans (predominantly Danube Swabians), Kosovar Albanians and Istrian Italians – had been considered "troublesome" by Yugoslav authorities already in the first, interwar Yugoslavia, in part for supporting their ethnic interests and nation states as opposed to pan-Slavic ambitions during World War I. [18]
[19] Minority rights of non-Slavs were neither guaranteed nor upheld, but rather stifled if they had proved "anti-Yugoslavian". Education in Hungarian and German was limited, a number of Hungarian and German cultural societies had been banned in the Kingdom until the late 1930s, when the country drifted towards pro-axis positions. Nonetheless, local Germans collaborated with the Nazi occupation forces during World War II, and ethnic Hungarians generally welcomed the return of Bačka region to Hungary. The Yugoslav communist partisan movement was unpopular among those minorities, with the German Ernst Thälmann unit existing merely on paper and the Hungarian Petőfi unit numbering mere hundred men. After the occupation forces were pushed out of Yugoslavia, tens of thousands of Germans, Hungarians and Italians were either imprisoned in labor camps (such as Goli Otok prison) or executed in summary executions.
After World War II, around 250,000 Germans and Italians were expelled or fled from the country, fearing reprisals, their property confiscated, in the events known as the expulsion of Germans after World War II and Istrian–Dalmatian exodus, the latter in the newly annexed areas in Istria and Rijeka, as well as from Dalmatia. [20] Hundreds (several thousands, according to some estimates) were summarily killed in the process. The same befell Hungarians, who faced mass murders in Vojvodina. Modern estimates vary about 35 000 - 40 000 Hungarians killed. After the war, however, free education in the native languages of the minorities were guaranteed by the Communist constitution.
During the era of Tito–Stalin split, many Hungarians (who in 1953 made up around 25% of the population in Vojvodina [21] ) were sympathetic towards the Hungarian People's Republic, and the words of Radio Budapest spread among the villagers.
In 1950s, various ethnic stereotypes about specific nations in the country were commonly recounted and circulated in the media. Bulgarians were reported to be a "poor and backward minority", while in contrast, Czechs and Slovaks were "industrious and valuable minorities" for Yugoslavia. Some Czechs and Slovaks also emigrated after the war, but a "large number" of them returned after communists seized power in Czechoslovakia in 1948. [22]
Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. It covers approximately 67,000 square kilometres (25,869 sq mi) and has a population of around five million. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.
Demographic features of the population of North Macedonia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Demographic features of the population of Slovenia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 to 1992.
This article includes information on the demographic history of Kosovo.
"Muslims" is a designation for the ethnoreligious group of Serbo-Croatian-speaking Muslims and people of Muslim heritage, inhabiting mostly the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The term, adopted in the 1971 Constitution of Yugoslavia, groups together a number of distinct South Slavic communities of Islamic ethnocultural tradition. Prior to 1993, a vast majority of present-day Bosniaks self-identified as ethnic Muslims, along with some smaller groups of different ethnicity, such as Gorani and Torbeši. This designation did not include Yugoslav non-Slavic Muslims, such as Turks, some Romani people and majority of Albanians.
The region of Macedonia is known to have been inhabited since Paleolithic times.
Anti-Slavic sentiment, also known as Slavophobia, a form of racism or xenophobia, refers to various negative attitudes towards Slavic peoples, the most common manifestation a claim that inhabitants of Slavic nations are inferior to other ethnic groups. Anti-Slavism reached its peak during World War II, when Nazi Germany declared Slavs, especially neighboring Poles to be subhuman (Untermensch) and planned to exterminate the majority of Slavic people.
The Albanians in North Macedonia are the second largest ethnic group in North Macedonia, forming 446,245 individuals or 24.3% of the resident population. Of the 2,097,319 total population in the 2021 census, 619,187 or 29.52% are Albanians.
Demographic features of the population of Serbia include vital statistics, ethnicity, religious affiliations, education level, health of the populace, and other aspects of the population.
This article presents the demographic history of Serbia through census results. See Demographics of Serbia for a more detailed overview of the current demographics from 2011 census.
Demographic features of the population of Montenegro include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.
Shqiptar is an Albanian ethnonym (endonym), by which Albanians call themselves. They call their country Shqipëria.
Serbianisation or Serbianization, also known as Serbification, and Serbisation or Serbization is the spread of Serbian culture, people, and language, either by social integration or by cultural or forced assimilation.
Albanisation, Albanianisation (UK), Albanization, or Albanianization (US) is the spread of Albanian culture, people, and language, either by integration or assimilation. Diverse peoples were affected by Albanisation including peoples with different ethnic origins, such as Turks, Serbs, Croats, Circassians, Bosniaks, Greeks, Aromanians, Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians, Romani, Gorani, and Macedonians from all the regions of the Balkans.
Languages of Yugoslavia are all languages spoken in former Yugoslavia. They are mainly Indo-European languages and dialects, namely dominant South Slavic varieties as well as Albanian, Aromanian, Czech, German, Italian, Venetian, Balkan Romani, Romanian, Pannonian Rusyn, Slovak and Ukrainian languages. There are also pockets where varieties of non-Indo-European languages, such as those of Hungarian and Turkish, are spoken.
The history of Macedonians has been shaped by population shifts and political developments in the southern Balkans, especially within the region of Macedonia. The ideas of separate Macedonian identity grew in significance after the First World War, both in Vardar and among the left-leaning diaspora in Bulgaria, and were endorsed by the Comintern. During the Second World War, these ideas were supported by the Communist Partisans, but the decisive point in the ethnogenesis of these South Slavic people was the creation of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia after World War II, as a new state in the framework of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
The geographical distribution of speakers of Macedonian refers to the total number of native speakers of Macedonian, an East South Slavic language that serves as the official language of North Macedonia. Estimates of the number of native and second language speakers of Macedonian varies; the number of native speakers in the country ranges from 1,344,815 according to the 2002 census in North Macedonia to 1,476,500 per linguistic database Ethnologue in 2016. Estimates of the total number of speakers in the world include 3.5 million people. Macedonian is studied and spoken as a second language by all ethnic minorities in the country.
The Kosovo Agency of Statistics monitors various demographic features of the population of Kosovo, such as population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Censuses, normally conducted at ten-year intervals, record the demographic characteristics of the population. According to the first census conducted after the 2008 declaration of independence in 2011, the permanent population of Kosovo had reached 1,810,366.
The ethnic groups in Yugoslavia were grouped into constitutive peoples and minorities.