Pulitzer Prize for Fiction

The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It recognizes distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life, published during the preceding calendar year.^{[ citation needed ]}

As the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (awarded 1918–1947), it was one of the original Pulitzers; the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year ^[1] (no Novel prize was awarded in 1917, the first one having been granted in 1918). ^[2]

The name was changed to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948, and eligibility was expanded to also include short stories, novellas, novelettes, and poetry, as well as novels.^{[ citation needed ]}

Finalists have been announced since 1980, usually a total of three. ^[2]

Definition

As defined in the original Plan of Award, the prize was given "Annually, for the American novel published during the year which shall best present the wholesome atmosphere of American life, and the highest standard of American manners and manhood," although there was some struggle over whether the word wholesome should be used instead of whole, the word Pulitzer had written in his will. ^[3] In 1927, the advisory board quietly instituted Pulitzer's word choice, replacing wholesome with whole.

A new consideration arose when the Pulitzer jury was unanimous in recommending Thornton Wilder's The Bridge of San Luis Rey for the 1928 prize, although the book deals with Peruvians in Peru, not with Americans in America. The jury chair, Richard Burton of Columbia University, emphasized the moral value of the book in his report to the advisory board: "This piece of fiction is not only an admirable example of literary skill in the art of fiction, but also possesses a philosophic import and a spiritual elevation which greatly increases its literary value." Robert Morss Lovett disagreed, saying it would be "mere subterfuge to say that it has anything to do with the highest standard of American manners and manhood," but went along with the jury in finding "less literary merit" in the other novels under discussion. (Lovett rejected the runner-up Black April by Julia Peterkin, calling it "a rather unedifying picture of life in a primitive negro community" and "an ironical answer to the terms on which the prize is offered." Peterkin won nevertheless in 1929 for a similar novel, Scarlet Sister Mary .) Having settled on Bridge, the Advisory Board redefined the conditions from "whole atmosphere of American life, and the highest standard of American manners and manhood" to "preferably one which shall best present the whole atmosphere of American life," although this did not address the novel's setting. ^[4] Further refinement into "the best novel published that year by an American author" removed any impediment to Pearl S. Buck's The Good Earth in 1932, also with a foreign setting in its study of Chinese village life in Anhui, East China. ^[5]

With 1929 came the first of several much more substantive changes. The board changed the wording to "preferably one which shall best present the whole atmosphere of American life" and deleted the insistence that the novel portray "the highest standard of American manners and manhood". In 1936, emphasis was changed again, with the award going to "a distinguished novel published during the year by an American author, preferably dealing with American life". In 1948, the advisory board widened the scope of the award with the wording "For distinguished fiction published in book form during the year by an American author, preferably dealing with American life." ^[3] This change allowed the prize to go to a collection of short stories for the first time, James Michener's Tales of the South Pacific.

Winners

In 31 years under the "Novel" name, the prize was awarded 27 times; in its first 76 years to 2024 under the "Fiction" name, 70 times. There have been 11 years during which no title received the award. It was shared by two authors for the first time in 2023. ^[2] Since this category's inception in 1918, 31 women have won the prize. Four authors have won two prizes each in the Fiction category: Booth Tarkington, William Faulkner, John Updike, and Colson Whitehead.

Because the award is for books published in the preceding calendar year, the "Year" column links to the preceding year in literature.

1910s to 1970s

Year	Winner		Work		Genre(s)	Author's origin
1918		Ernest Poole (1880–1950)	His Family [a]	Macmillan (1917)	Novel	Illinois
1919		Booth Tarkington (1869–1949)	The Magnificent Ambersons	Doubleday, Page & Co. (1918)	Novel	Indiana
1920	Not awarded [b]
1921		Edith Wharton (1862–1937)	The Age of Innocence [c] [8]	D. Appleton & Company (1920)	Novel	New York
1922		Booth Tarkington (1869–1949)	Alice Adams	Doubleday, Page & Co. (1921)	Novel	Indiana
1923		Willa Cather (1873–1947)	One of Ours	Alfred A. Knopf (1922)	Novel	Virginia
1924		Margaret Wilson (1882–1973)	The Able McLaughlins	Harper & Brothers (1923)	Debut novel	Iowa
1925		Edna Ferber (1885–1968)	So Big [d]	Grosset & Dunlap (1924)	Novel	Michigan
1926		Sinclair Lewis (1885–1951)	Arrowsmith [e]	Harcourt Brace & Co. (1925)	Novel	Minnesota
1927		Louis Bromfield (1896–1956)	Early Autumn	Amereon Ltd (1926)	Novel	Ohio
1928		Thornton Wilder (1897–1975)	The Bridge of San Luis Rey [f]	Albert & Charles Boni (1927)	Novel	Wisconsin
1929		Julia Peterkin (1880–1961)	Scarlet Sister Mary [g]	Bobbs-Merrill Company (1928)	Novel	South Carolina
1930		Oliver La Farge (1901–1963)	Laughing Boy [h]	Houghton Mifflin (1929)	Novel	New York
1931		Margaret Ayer Barnes (1886–1967)	Years of Grace [i]	Houghton Mifflin (1930)	Novel	Illinois
1932		Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973)	The Good Earth [j]	John Day Company (1931)	Historical fiction	West Virginia
1933		T. S. Stribling (1881–1965)	The Store [k]	Doubleday, Doran (1932)	Novel	Tennessee
1934		Caroline Miller (1903–1992)	Lamb in His Bosom [l]	Harper & Brothers (1933)	Debut novel	Georgia
1935		Josephine Winslow Johnson (1910–1990)	Now in November [m]	Simon & Schuster (1934)	Debut novel	Missouri
1936		Harold L. Davis (1894–1960)	Honey in the Horn [n]	Harper & Brothers (1935)	Debut novel	Oregon
1937		Margaret Mitchell (1900–1949)	Gone with the Wind [o]	Macmillan Publishers (1936)	Novel	Georgia
1938		John Phillips Marquand (1893–1960)	The Late George Apley [p]	Little, Brown and Company (1937)	Epistolary novel	Delaware
1939		Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (1896–1953)	The Yearling [q]	Charles Scribner's Sons (1938)	Young adult novel	Washington, D.C.
1940		John Steinbeck (1902–1968)	The Grapes of Wrath [r]	Viking Press (1939)	Novel	California
1941	Not awarded [s]
1942		Ellen Glasgow (1873–1945)	In This Our Life [t]	Jonathan Cape (1941)	Novel	Virginia
1943		Upton Sinclair (1878–1968)	Dragon's Teeth [u]	Viking Press (1942)	Historical fiction	Maryland
1944		Martin Flavin (1883–1967)	Journey in the Dark [v]	Harper & Brothers (1943)	Novel	California
1945		John Hersey (1914–1993)	A Bell for Adano [w]	Alfred A. Knopf (1944)	War novel	New York (born in Tianjin, China)
1946	Not awarded [x]
1947		Robert Penn Warren (1905–1989)	All the King's Men [y]	Harcourt, Brace & Company (1946)	Political fiction	Kentucky
1948		James A. Michener (1907–1997)	Tales of the South Pacific [z]	Macmillan Publishers (1947)	Interrelated short stories, Book debut	Pennsylvania
1949		James Gould Cozzens (1903–1978)	Guard of Honor [aa]	Harcourt, Brace & Company (1948)	War novel	Illinois
1950		A. B. Guthrie (1901–1991)	The Way West [ab]	William Sloane Associates (1949)	Western fiction	Indiana
1951		Conrad Richter (1890–1968)	The Town [ac]	Alfred A. Knopf (1950)	Novel	Pennsylvania
1952		Herman Wouk (1915–2019)	The Caine Mutiny [ad]	Doubleday (1951)	Historical fiction	New York
1953		Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961)	The Old Man and the Sea [ae]	Charles Scribner's Sons (1952)	Short novel	Illinois
1954	Not awarded [af]
1955		William Faulkner (1897–1962)	A Fable [ag]	Random House (1954)	Novel	Mississippi
1956		MacKinlay Kantor (1904–1977)	Andersonville [ah]	Penguin Books (1955)	Historical fiction	Iowa
1957	Not awarded [ai]
1958		James Agee (1909–1955)	A Death in the Family [aj] (posthumously)	McDowell, Obolensky (1957)	Autobiographical novel	Tennessee
1959		Robert Lewis Taylor (1912–1998)	The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters [ak]	Doubleday (1958)	Historical fiction	Illinois
1960		Allen Drury (1918–1998)	Advise and Consent [al]	Doubleday (1959)	Political fiction, Debut novel	Texas
1961		Harper Lee (1926–2016)	To Kill a Mockingbird [am]	J. B. Lippincott & Co. (1960)	Southern Gothic, Bildungsroman, Debut novel	Alabama
1962		Edwin O'Connor (1918–1968)	The Edge of Sadness [an]	Little, Brown and Company (1961)	Novel	Rhode Island
1963		William Faulkner (1897–1962)	The Reivers [ao] (posthumously)	Random House (1962)	Novel	Mississippi
1964	Not awarded [ap]
1965		Shirley Ann Grau (1929–2020)	The Keepers of the House	Alfred A. Knopf (1964)	Novel	Louisiana
1966		Katherine Anne Porter (1890–1980)	The Collected Stories [aq]	Harcourt Brace (1965)	Short story collection	Texas
1967		Bernard Malamud (1914–1986)	The Fixer	Farrar, Straus & Giroux (1966)	Novel	New York
1968		William Styron (1925–2006)	The Confessions of Nat Turner [ar]	Random House (1967)	Novel	Virginia
1969		N. Scott Momaday (1934–2024)	House Made of Dawn [as]	Harper & Row (1968)	Novel	Oklahoma
1970		Jean Stafford (1915–1979)	Collected Stories [at]	Farrar, Straus & Giroux (1969)	Short story collection	California
1971	Not awarded [au]
1972		Wallace Stegner (1909–1993)	Angle of Repose [av]	Doubleday (1971)	Novel	Iowa
1973		Eudora Welty (1909–2001)	The Optimist's Daughter	Random House (1972)	Short novel	Mississippi
1974	Not awarded [aw]
1975		Michael Shaara (1928–1988)	The Killer Angels	David McKay Publications (1974)	Historical fiction	New Jersey
1976		Saul Bellow (1915–2005)	Humboldt's Gift [ax]	Viking Press (1975)	Novel	Illinois (born in Quebec, Canada)
1977	Not awarded [ay]
1978		James Alan McPherson (1943–2016)	Elbow Room [az]	Little, Brown (1977)	Short story collection	Georgia
1979		John Cheever (1912–1982)	The Stories of John Cheever [ba]	Alfred A. Knopf (1978)	Short story collection	Massachusetts

1980s to 2020s

Entries from this point on include the finalists listed for each year.

Year	Winner		Work		Genre(s)	Author's origin	Finalists
1980		Norman Mailer (1923–2007)	The Executioner's Song	Little, Brown (1979)	True crime novel	New Jersey	William Wharton, Birdy Philip Roth, The Ghost Writer
1981		John Kennedy Toole (1937–1969)	A Confederacy of Dunces (posthumously)	Louisiana State University Press (1980)	Picaresque novel	Louisiana	Frederick Buechner, Godric William Maxwell, So Long, See You Tomorrow
1982		John Updike (1932–2009)	Rabbit Is Rich	Alfred A. Knopf (1981)	Novel	Pennsylvania	Robert Stone, A Flag for Sunrise Marilynne Robinson, Housekeeping
1983		Alice Walker (b. 1944)	The Color Purple	Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (1982)	Epistolary novel	Georgia	Anne Tyler, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant Chaim Grade, Rabbis and Wives
1984		William Kennedy (b. 1928)	Ironweed	Viking Press (1983)	Novel	New York	Raymond Carver, Cathedral Thomas Berger, The Feud
1985		Alison Lurie (1926–2020)	Foreign Affairs	Random House (1984)	Novel	Illinois	Diana O'Hehir, I Wish This War Were Over Douglas Unger, Leaving the Land
1986		Larry McMurtry (1936–2021)	Lonesome Dove	Simon & Schuster (1985)	Western novel	Texas	Russell Banks, Continental Drift Anne Tyler, The Accidental Tourist
1987		Peter Taylor (1917–1994)	A Summons to Memphis	Alfred A. Knopf (1986)	Novel	Tennessee	Donald Barthelme, Paradise Norman Rush, Whites
1988		Toni Morrison (1931–2019)	Beloved	Alfred A. Knopf (1987)	Novel	Ohio	Diane Johnson, Persian Nights Alice McDermott, That Night
1989		Anne Tyler (b. 1941)	Breathing Lessons	Alfred A. Knopf (1988)	Novel	Minnesota	Raymond Carver, Where I'm Calling From
1990		Oscar Hijuelos (1951–2013)	The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love	Farrar, Straus and Giroux (1989)	Novel	New York	E. L. Doctorow, Billy Bathgate
1991		John Updike (1932–2009)	Rabbit At Rest	Alfred A. Knopf (1990)	Novel	Pennsylvania	Linda Hogan, Mean Spirit Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried
1992		Jane Smiley (b. 1949)	A Thousand Acres	Alfred A. Knopf (1991)	Domestic realism	California	David Gates, Jernigan Robert M. Pirsig, Lila: An Inquiry into Morals Don DeLillo, Mao II
1993		Robert Olen Butler (b. 1945)	A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain	Henry Holt (1992)	Short story collection	Illinois	Alice McDermott, At Weddings and Wakes Joyce Carol Oates, Black Water
1994		E. Annie Proulx (b. 1935)	The Shipping News	Charles Scribner's Sons (1993)	Novel	Connecticut	Philip Roth, Operation Shylock: A Confession Reynolds Price, The Collected Stories
1995		Carol Shields (1935–2003)	The Stone Diaries	Random House (1993)	Novel	Illinois	Grace Paley, The Collected Stories Joyce Carol Oates, What I Lived For
1996		Richard Ford (b. 1944)	Independence Day	Alfred A. Knopf (1995)	Novel	Mississippi	Oscar Hijuelos, Mr. Ives' Christmas Philip Roth, Sabbath's Theater
1997		Steven Millhauser (b. 1943)	Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer	Crown Publishers (1996)	Novel	New York	Joanna Scott, The Manikin Ursula K. Le Guin, Unlocking the Air and Other Stories
1998		Philip Roth (1933–2018)	American Pastoral	Houghton Mifflin (1997)	Novel	New Jersey	Robert Stone, Bear and His Daughter: Stories Don DeLillo, Underworld
1999		Michael Cunningham (b. 1952)	The Hours	Farrar, Straus and Giroux (1998)	Historical fiction	Ohio	Russell Banks, Cloudsplitter Barbara Kingsolver, The Poisonwood Bible
2000		Jhumpa Lahiri (b. 1967)	Interpreter of Maladies	Houghton Mifflin (1999)	Short story collection	Rhode Island (born in London, United Kingdom) (lives in Rome, Italy)	Annie Proulx, Close Range: Wyoming Stories Ha Jin, Waiting
2001		Michael Chabon (b. 1963)	The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay	Random House (2000)	Historical fiction	Washington, D.C.	Joyce Carol Oates, Blonde Joy Williams, The Quick and the Dead
2002		Richard Russo (b. 1949)	Empire Falls	Alfred A. Knopf (2001)	Novel	New York	Colson Whitehead, John Henry Days Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections
2003		Jeffrey Eugenides (b. 1960)	Middlesex	Farrar, Straus and Giroux (2002)	Family saga	Michigan	Andrea Barrett, Servants of the Map: Stories Adam Haslett, You Are Not a Stranger Here
2004		Edward P. Jones (b. 1950)	The Known World	Amistad Press (2003)	Historical fiction	Washington, D.C.	Susan Choi, American Woman Marianne Wiggins, Evidence of Things Unseen
2005		Marilynne Robinson (b. 1943)	Gilead	Farrar, Straus and Giroux (2004)	Epistolary Novel	Idaho	Ward Just, An Unfinished Season Ha Jin, War Trash
2006		Geraldine Brooks (b. 1955)	March	Viking Press (2005)	Historical fiction	New York (born in Sydney, Australia)	Lee Martin, The Bright Forever E. L. Doctorow, The March
2007		Cormac McCarthy (1933–2023)	The Road	Alfred A. Knopf (2006)	Post-apocalyptic fiction	Rhode Island	Alice McDermott, After This Richard Powers, The Echo Maker
2008		Junot Díaz (b. 1968)	The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao	Riverhead Books (2007)	Novel	New Jersey (born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic)	Lore Segal, Shakespeare's Kitchen Denis Johnson, Tree of Smoke
2009		Elizabeth Strout (b. 1956)	Olive Kitteridge [bb]	Random House (2008)	Interrelated short stories	Maine	Christine Schutt, All Souls Louise Erdrich, The Plague of Doves
2010		Paul Harding (b. 1967)	Tinkers [bc]	Bellevue Literary Press (2009)	Debut novel	Massachusetts	Daniyal Mueenuddin, In Other Rooms, Other Wonders Lydia Millet, Love in Infant Monkeys
2011		Jennifer Egan (b. 1962)	A Visit from the Goon Squad [bd]	Alfred A. Knopf (2010)	Interrelated short stories	Illinois	Jonathan Dee, The Privileges Chang-rae Lee, The Surrendered
2012	Not awarded [58]						Karen Russell, Swamplandia! David Foster Wallace, The Pale King (posthumously) Denis Johnson, Train Dreams
2013		Adam Johnson (b. 1967)	The Orphan Master's Son [be]	Random House (2012)	Novel	South Dakota	Eowyn Ivey, The Snow Child Nathan Englander, What We Talk About When We Talk About Anne Frank
2014		Donna Tartt (b. 1963)	The Goldfinch [bf]	Little, Brown and Company (2013)	Novel	Mississippi	Philipp Meyer, The Son Bob Shacochis, The Woman Who Lost Her Soul
2015		Anthony Doerr (b. 1973)	All the Light We Cannot See [bg]	Charles Scribner's Sons (2014)	War novel	Ohio	Richard Ford, Let Me Be Frank With You Joyce Carol Oates, Lovely, Dark, Deep Laila Lalami, The Moor's Account
2016		Viet Thanh Nguyen (b. 1971)	The Sympathizer [bh]	Grove Press (2015)	Debut novel	California (born in Buôn Ma Thuột, Vietnam)	Kelly Link, Get in Trouble: Stories Margaret Verble, Maud's Line
2017		Colson Whitehead (b. 1969)	The Underground Railroad [bi]	Doubleday (2016)	Alternate historical novel	New York	Adam Haslett, Imagine Me Gone C. E. Morgan, The Sport of Kings
2018		Andrew Sean Greer (b. 1970)	Less [bj]	Little, Brown and Company (2017)	Satirical novel	Washington, D.C.	Hernan Diaz, In the Distance Elif Batuman, The Idiot
2019		Richard Powers (b. 1957)	The Overstory [bk]	W. W. Norton & Company (2018)	Novel	Illinois	Rebecca Makkai, The Great Believers Tommy Orange, There There
2020		Colson Whitehead (b. 1969)	The Nickel Boys [bl]	Doubleday (2019)	Novel	New York	Ann Patchett, The Dutch House Ben Lerner, The Topeka School
2021		Louise Erdrich (b. 1954)	The Night Watchman [bm]	HarperCollins (2020)	Novel	Minnesota	Daniel Mason, A Registry of My Passage Upon the Earth Percival Everett, Telephone
2022		Joshua Cohen (b. 1980)	The Netanyahus: An Account of a Minor and Ultimately Even Negligible Episode in the History of a Very Famous Family [bn]	New York Review Books (2021)	Novel	New Jersey	Francisco Goldman, Monkey Boy Gayl Jones, Palmares
2023 [69]		Hernan Diaz (b. 1973)	Trust [bo]	Riverhead Books (2022)	Novel	New York (born in Argentina)	Vauhini Vara, The Immortal King Rao
		Barbara Kingsolver (b. 1955)	Demon Copperhead [bp]	Harper (2022)	Novel	Kentucky
2024		Jayne Anne Phillips (b. 1952)	Night Watch [bq]	Knopf (2023)	Novel	West Virginia	Yiyun Li, Wednesday's Child Ed Park, Same Bed Different Dreams
2025		Percival Everett (b. 1956)	James [br]	Doubleday (2024)	Novel	Georgia	Rita Bullwinkel, Headshot Gayl Jones, The Unicorn Woman Stacey Levine, Mice 1961

Repeat winners

Four writers to date have won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction multiple times, one nominally in the novel category and two in the general fiction category. Ernest Hemingway was selected by the 1941 and 1953 juries, but the former was overturned with no award given that year. ^[s]

• Booth Tarkington, 1919, 1922
• William Faulkner, 1955, 1963 (awarded posthumously)
• John Updike, 1982, 1991
• Colson Whitehead, 2017, 2020

Authors with multiple nominations

4 nominations

• Joyce Carol Oates
• Philip Roth

3 nominations

• Alice McDermott
• Anne Tyler
• Colson Whitehead

2 nominations

• Russell Banks
• Raymond Carver
• Don DeLillo
• Hernan Diaz
• E. L. Doctorow
• Louise Erdrich
• Richard Ford
• Adam Haslett
• Oscar Hijuelos
• Ha Jin
• Denis Johnson
• Gayl Jones
• Barbara Kingsolver
• Richard Powers
• Annie Proulx
• Marilynne Robinson
• Robert Stone
• John Updike
• Percival Everett

Notes

1. The 1918 jury gave honorable mention to Bromley Neighborhood by Alice Brown. ^[6]
2. In 1920, first-time fiction juror Stuart P. Sherman initially recommended Java Head by Joseph Hergesheimer for the award; he rescinded his recommendation when the other jurors informed him that the word "whole" in a key phrase of the original description of the award, "the whole atmosphere of American life", had subsequently been changed to "wholesome". ^[7]
3. Juror Robert Morss Lovett wrote in the June 22, 1921 issue of The New Republic that in fact the jury had preferred Main Street by Sinclair Lewis. The Pulitzer board overturned their decision. The man with the deciding vote may have been Nicholas Murray Butler. Lovett thought the public had a right to know that the jury had chosen another book. Lewis was angry but wrote her a congratulatory note. Wharton wrote back, "When I discovered that I was being rewarded — by one of our leading Universities — for uplifting American morals, I confess I did despair. Subsequently, when I found the prize shd really have been yours, but was withdrawn because your book (I quote from memory) had 'offended a number of prominent persons in the Middle West,' disgust was added to despair."
4. The 1925 jury was split between whether the prize should go to Balisand by Joseph Hergesheimer, Plumes by Lawrence Stallings or eventual winner So Big by Edna Ferber. ^[9]
5. In 1926, Sinclair Lewis declined the prize for Arrowsmith . The jury stated Arrowsmith was "best deserving the award," and also deemed Porgy by DuBose Heyward and The Smiths by Janet Ayer Fairbank "worthy competitors." ^[10]
6. The 1928 jury unanimously recommended Thornton Wilder's The Bridge of San Luis Rey . The jury also considered Black April by Julia Peterkin, The Grandmothers by Glenway Wescott, Islanders by Helen Rose Hull and A Yankee Passional by Samuel Ornitz. ^[11]
7. The 1929 jury recommended Victim and Victor by John Rathbone Oliver for the prize. However, the Advisory Board named the jury's runner-up, Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin, as the winner. ^[12]
8. The 1930 jury was split between It's a Great War by Mary Lee, Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge and Look Homeward, Angel by Thomas Wolfe, ultimately recommending Laughing Boy as their consensus choice. ^[13]
9. The 1931 jury shortlisted The Deepening Stream by Dorothy Canfield Fisher, The Great Meadow by Elizabeth Madox Roberts and their top-ranked choice Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes. ^[14]
10. The 1932 jury was asked by Advisory Board secretary Frank D. Fackenthal to "list the books in the order of the jury's choice without indicating the ins and outs of the vote." Their report said that they had also "favorably considered" The Lady Who Came to Stay by R.E. Spencer and Shadows on the Rock by Willa Cather, noting "it's a rare year when three such excellent novels appear." ^[5]
11. The 1933 jury also considered God's Angry Man by Leonard Ehrlich, The Pilot Comes Aboard by Will Levington Comfort, Sons of the Martian by Donald C. Peattie and To Make My Bread by Grace Lumpkin. ^[15]
12. The 1934 jury was not unanimous, but recommended A Watch in the Night by Helen C. White as their "majority choice", with Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Miller a "close second" and No More Sea by Wilson Follett a "good third." The Advisory Board named Lamb in His Bosom as the winner. ^[16]
13. The 1935 jury was not unanimous and sent a list of titles for recommendation: The American by Louis Dodge, The Folks by Ruth Suckow, The Foundry by Albert Halper, Goodbye to the Past by W. R. Burnett, Land of Plenty by Robert Cantwell, Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson, Slim by William Wister Haines and So Red the Rose by Stark Young. The Advisory Board selected Now in November as the winner. ^[17]
14. The 1936 jury submitted a ranked list with eventual winner Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis first, followed in order by This Body the Earth by Paul Green, Time Out of Mind by Rachel Field, Ollie Miss by George Wylie Henderson, Deep Dark River by Robert Rylee and Blessed Is the Man by Louis Zara. ^[18]
15. The 1937 jury also recommended Drums Along the Mohawk by Walter D. Edmonds, The Last Puritan by George Santayana, Mountain Path by Harriette Simpson Arnow, Three Bags Full by Roger Burlingame and Yang and Yin by Alice Tisdale Hobart. ^[19]
16. The 1938 jury recommended The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand based on majority vote, also shortlisting Northwest Passage by Kenneth Roberts and Sound of Running Feet by Josephine Lawrence. ^[20]
17. The 1939 jury unanimously recommended The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, also shortlisting All This and Heaven Too by Rachel Field, Black Is My True Love's Hair by Elizabeth Madox Roberts, May Flavin by Myron Brinig and Renown by Frank O. Hough. ^[21]
18. The 1940 jury unanimously recommended The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, also shortlisting Escape by Ethel Vance, Night Rider by Robert Penn Warren, Seasoned Timber by Dorothy Canfield Fisher and To the End of the World by Helen C. White. ^[22]
19. The 1941 jury had recommended the award be shared by The Ox-Bow Incident by Walter Van Tilburg Clark and The Trees by Conrad Richter. While the Pulitzer Board initially intended to give the award to the jury's third choice, Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls , the president of Columbia University, Nicholas Murray Butler, persuaded the board to reverse its judgment because he deemed the novel offensive, and no award was given that year. ^{[7] [23]}
20. The 1942 jury's report stated that "none of the novels brought to its attention seemed of really outstanding merit... but since it is probably inadvisable to omit the award for two successive years, a list of possibilities is here submitted." Their shortlist consisted of The Great Big Doorstep by E. P. O'Donnell, Green Centuries by Caroline Gordon, Storm by George R. Stewart and Windswept by Mary Ellen Chase. The Advisory Board bypassed the jury's selections, recommending eventual winner In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow. ^[24]
21. The 1943 jury unanimously recommended Dragon's Teeth by Upton Sinclair. They also considered The Just and the Unjust by James Gould Cozzens and The Valley of Decision by Marcia Davenport. ^[25]
22. The 1944 jury also shortlisted Indigo by Christine Goutiere Weston, So Little Time by John P. Marquand and A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith. ^[26]
23. The 1945 jury also shortlisted Colcorton by Edith Pope and The History of Rome Hanks and Kindred Matters by Joseph Pennell. ^[27]
24. The 1946 jury shortlisted Apartment in Athens by Glenway Wescott, Black Boy by Richard Wright and The Wayfarers by Dan Wickenden. The jury as a whole could not reach a consensus; one point of contention over Black Boy specifically was that the book is a memoir, not a novel. ^[7]
25. The 1947 jury submitted ranked choices with The Fields by Conrad Richter as their top choice, followed by East River by Sholem Asch in second, eventual winner All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren and The Street by Ann Petry in a tie for third, and B.F.'s Daughter by John P. Marquand in a distant fifth. ^[28]
26. The 1948 jury submitted ranks choices with The Big Sky by A. B. Guthrie Jr. as their top choice, followed by Knock on Any Door by Willard Motley in second, The Garretson Chronicle by Gerald Warner Brace in third, The Stoic by Theodore Dreiser in fourth, The Gallery by John Horne Burns and eventual winner Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener in a tie for fifth. ^[29]
27. The 1949 jury also shortlisted The Ides of March by Thornton Wilder, The Naked and the Dead by Norman Mailer and The Young Lions by Irwin Shaw. ^[30]
28. The 1950 jury also shortlisted The Brave Bulls by Tom Lea and Hunter's Horn by Harriette Simpson Arnow. ^[31]
29. The 1951 jury recommended The Wall by John Hersey for the prize. Asked to provide additional suggestions, they reiterated their support for The Wall, but also shortlisted Debbie by Max Steele, eventual winner The Town by Conrad Richter and World Enough and Time by Robert Penn Warren. ^[32]
30. The 1952 jury also shortlisted Jenkins' Ear by William and Odell Shepard. ^[33]
31. The two-man 1953 jury separately submitted ranked lists. One juror listed Jefferson Selleck by Carl Jonas first while the other listed eventual winner The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway first. ^[34]
32. The two-man 1954 jury could not agree on a single book to recommend to the Advisory Board, so no award was given; among the books recommended by juror Eric P. Kelly were Ramey by Jack D. Ferris, The Sands of Karakorum by James Ullman, The Adventures of Augie March by Saul Bellow, and The Four Lives of Mundy Tolliver by Ben Lucien Burman, while juror Harris F. Fletcher recommended The Street of the Three Friends by Myron Brinig and The Deep Sleep by Wright Morris ^[7]
33. The 1954 jury unanimously recommended The Last Hunt by Milton Lott. The Pulitzer board selected the jury's second place choice, A Fable by William Faulkner, as the winner. ^[35]
34. The 1955 jury unanimously recommended Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor. Their report qualified that "the runners-up in the field seem far behind," but they also shortlisted Band of Angels by Robert Penn Warren and Ten North Frederick by John O'Hara. ^[36]
35. The 1957 jury recommended The Voice at the Back Door by Elizabeth Spencer for the prize, further shortlisting The Last Hurrah by Edwin O'Connor. The Pulitzer board chose to give no award. ^[37]
36. The 1958 jury recommended By Love Possessed by James Gould Cozzens for the prize. They also provided a shortlist of other contenders led by eventual winner A Death in the Family by James Agee, followed in order by The Wapshot Chronicle by John Cheever, The Assistant by Bernard Malamud, The Town by William Faulkner, The Weather of February by Hollis Summers, The Goblins of Eros by Warren Eyster and The Velvet Horn by Andrew Nelson Lytle. ^[38]
37. The 1959 jury recommended From the Terrace by John O'Hara for the prize. The Pulitzer board selected the jury's second choice, The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor, as the winner. Home from the Hill by William Humphrey was the jury's third choice. ^[39]
38. The 1960 jury recommended Henderson the Rain King by Saul Bellow for the prize, also shortlisting Dance Back the Buffalo by Milton Lott, Hawaii by James A. Michener and The Mansion by William Faulkner. The Pulitzer board substituted their own choice: Advise and Consent by Allen Drury. ^[40]
39. The 1961 jury listed The Child Buyer by John Hersey as runner-up and gave honorable mention to Lament for a City by Henry Beetle Hough and A Separate Peace by John Knowles. ^[41]
40. The 1962 jury shortlisted The Chateau by William Maxwell and Clock Without Hands by Carson McCullers. ^[42]
41. The 1963 jury recommended Ship of Fools by Katherine Anne Porter for the prize. The Pulitzer board selected the jury's second place choice, The Reivers by William Faulkner, as the winner. The jury also commended A Long and Happy Life by Reynolds Price. ^[43]
42. "Among the books the judges most seriously considered were the following: (1) Norman Fruchter's Coat Upon a Stick…, (2) May Sarton's novella Joanna and Ulysses…, (3) Sumner Locke Elliott's Careful, He Might Hear You …, [and] (4) John Killens' And Then We Heard the Thunder… If a prize were to be awarded for a 1963 novel we felt these to be the most serious candidates." However, the fiction jury ultimately recommended that no award be given because "no one of them imposes itself upon us as demanding recognition as 'distinguished fiction'…." ^[7]
43. The 1966 jury shortlisted Miss MacIntosh, My Darling by Marguerite Young. ^[44]
44. The 1968 jury was split. They offered The Eighth Day by Thornton Wilder as a consensus selection, also having considered All the Little Live Things by Wallace Stegner. Two jurors submitted The Manor by Isaac Bashevis Singer as a majority opinion while The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron, presented as a minority opinion by one jury member, was selected as the eventual winner. ^[45]
45. The 1969 jury chose A World of Profit by Louis Auchincloss as their second choice and And Other Stories by John O'Hara as their third choice. ^[46]
46. The 1970 jury recommended Them by Joyce Carol Oates for the prize. The Pulitzer board awarded the first runner-up, Collected Stories by Jean Stafford. The jury also listed Bullet Park by John Cheever as second runner-up. ^[47]
47. The 1971 jury put forth three novels for consideration to the Pulitzer board: Losing Battles by Eudora Welty, Mr. Sammler's Planet by Saul Bellow and The Wheel of Love by Joyce Carol Oates. The board rejected all three and opted for no award. ^[48]
48. The 1972 jury unanimously recommended Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner for the prize. They also shortlisted Love in the Ruins by Walker Percy and The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman by Ernest J. Gaines and suggested Death of the Fox by George Garrett for special commendation. ^[49]
49. The 1974 jury unanimously recommended Gravity's Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon for the prize. The Pulitzer board, which has sole discretion for awarding the prize, made no award. The jury also shortlisted The World of Apples by John Cheever and Burr by Gore Vidal. ^{[50] [23]}
50. The 1976 jury shortlisted Are We There Yet? by Diane Vreul, The Dead Father by Donald Barthelme, Ragtime by E. L. Doctorow and The Surface of Earth by Reynolds Price. ^[51]
51. The 1977 jury recommended A River Runs Through It by Norman MacLean for the prize. The Pulitzer board, which has sole discretion for awarding the prize, made no award. They also shortlisted The Franchiser by Stanley Elkin and October Light by John Gardner. ^{[52] [23]}
52. The 1978 jury unanimously recommended Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson for the prize. They also considered Earthly Possessions by Anne Tyler, In the Miro District and Other Stories by Peter Taylor, Over by the River and Other Stories by William Maxwell and The Thin Mountain Air by Paul Horgan. ^[53]
53. The 1979 jury unanimously recommended The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever for the prize. They also shortlisted Continental Drift by James D. Houston and The World According to Garp by John Irving. ^[54]
54. "A collection of 13 short stories set in small-town Maine that packs a cumulative emotional wallop, bound together by polished prose and by Olive, the title character, blunt, flawed and fascinating." ^[55]
55. "A powerful celebration of life in which a New England father and son, through suffering and joy, transcend their imprisoning lives and offer new ways of perceiving the world and mortality." ^[56]
56. "An inventive investigation of growing up and growing old in the digital age, displaying a big-hearted curiosity about cultural change at warp speed." ^[57]
57. "An exquisitely crafted novel that carries the reader on an adventuresome journey into the depths of totalitarian North Korea and into the most intimate spaces of the human heart." ^[59]
58. "A beautifully written coming-of-age novel with exquisitely drawn characters that follows a grieving boy's entanglement with a small famous painting that has eluded destruction, a book that stimulates the mind and touches the heart." ^[60]
59. "An imaginative and intricate novel inspired by the horrors of World War II and written in short, elegant chapters that explore human nature and the contradictory power of technology." ^[61]
60. "A layered immigrant tale told in the wry, confessional voice of a "man of two minds" -- and two countries, Vietnam and the United States." ^[62]
61. "For a smart melding of realism and allegory that combines the violence of slavery and the drama of escape in a myth that speaks to contemporary America." ^[63]
62. "A generous book, musical in its prose and expansive in its structure and range, about growing older and the essential nature of love." ^[64]
63. "An ingeniously structured narrative that branches and canopies like the trees at the core of the story whose wonder and connectivity echo those of the humans living amongst them." ^[65]
64. "A spare and devastating exploration of abuse at a reform school in Jim Crow-era Florida that is ultimately a powerful tale of human perseverance, dignity and redemption." ^[66]
65. "A majestic, polyphonic novel about a community’s efforts to halt the proposed displacement and elimination of several Native American tribes in the 1950s, rendered with dexterity and imagination." ^[67]
66. "A mordant, linguistically deft historical novel about the ambiguities of the Jewish American experience, presenting ideas and disputes as volatile as its tightly-wound plot." ^[68]
67. "A riveting novel set in a bygone America that explores family, wealth and ambition through linked narratives rendered in different literary styles, a complex examination of love and power in a country where capitalism is king." ^[70]
68. "A masterful recasting of “David Copperfield,” narrated by an Appalachian boy whose wise, unwavering voice relates his encounters with poverty, addiction, institutional failures and moral collapse–and his efforts to conquer them. ^[71]
69. "A beautifully rendered novel set in West Virginia's Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum in the aftermath of the Civil War, where a severely wounded Union veteran, a 12-year-old girl and her mother, long abused by a Confederate soldier, struggle to heal." ^[72]
70. "An accomplished reconsideration of ‘Huckleberry Finn’ that gives agency to Jim to illustrate the absurdity of racial supremacy and provide a new take on the search for family and freedom." ^[73]

References

1. "1917 Pulitzer Prizes". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 2018-04-19.
2. "Pulitzer Prize for the Novel". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 2008-08-19.
3. Fischer, Erika J.; Fischer, Heinz D., eds. (2007). Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decisions and Documents. Munich, Germany: K. G. Saur Verlag. pp. 3–11. ISBN   978-3-598-30191-9 . Retrieved July 22, 2021.
4. Weissberg, Claudia Stone. "What makes a novel 'American'? Pearl S. Buck challenged the status quo". The Pulitzer Prizes. Pulitzer.org. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
5. Weissberg, Claudia Stone. "What makes a novel 'American'? Pearl S. Buck challenged the status quo". The Pulitzer Prizes. Pulitzer.org. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
6. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 3. ISBN   9783598301919.
7. Hohenberg, John (1974). The Pulitzer Prizes: A History of the Awards in Books, Drama, Music, and Journalism, Based on the Private Files Over Six Decades . New York: Columbia University Press. pp.  55, 143–44, 198, 204, 258. ISBN   0231038879.
8. Mike Pride. "Edith Wharton's 'The Age of Innocence' Celebrates its 100th Anniversary". The Pulitzer Prizes. Pulitzer.org. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
9. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 6. ISBN   9783598301919.
10. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 6. ISBN   9783598301919.
11. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 8. ISBN   9783598301919.
12. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 8. ISBN   9783598301919.
13. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 10. ISBN   9783598301919.
14. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 10. ISBN   9783598301919.
15. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 106. ISBN   9783598301919.
16. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 11. ISBN   9783598301919.
17. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 11. ISBN   9783598301919.
18. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. pp. 11, 12. ISBN   9783598301919.
19. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 12. ISBN   9783598301919.
20. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 12. ISBN   9783598301919.
21. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 12. ISBN   9783598301919.
22. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. pp. 12, 14. ISBN   9783598301919.
23. McDowell, Edwin (11 May 1984). "PUBLISHING: PULITZER CONTROVERSIES" . The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-04-19. [I]n 1941, after both the jury and the board voted to give the fiction prize to Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls, Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia and ex-officio chairman of the board, forced the board to change its vote because he found the book offensive.
24. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 14. ISBN   9783598301919.
25. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 14. ISBN   9783598301919.
26. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 16. ISBN   9783598301919.
27. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 16. ISBN   9783598301919.
28. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. pp. 160, 161, 162, 163. ISBN   9783598301919.
29. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 166. ISBN   9783598301919.
30. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 171. ISBN   9783598301919.
31. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 174. ISBN   9783598301919.
32. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. pp. 176, 177. ISBN   9783598301919.
33. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 18. ISBN   9783598301919.
34. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 18. ISBN   9783598301919.
35. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 228. ISBN   9783598301919.
36. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 20. ISBN   9783598301919.
37. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 20. ISBN   9783598301919.
38. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 243. ISBN   9783598301919.
39. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. pp. 246, 247. ISBN   9783598301919.
40. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 21. ISBN   9783598301919.
41. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 266. ISBN   9783598301919.
42. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 270. ISBN   9783598301919.
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52. Fischer, Heinz-D.; Fischer, Erika J. (2007). The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decision and Documents. Berlin: K.G. Saur. p. 335. ISBN   9783598301919.
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55. "2009 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
56. "2010 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
57. "2011 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
58. "2012 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 24 December 2017.
59. "2013 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
60. "2014 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
61. "2015 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
62. "2016 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
63. "2017 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
64. "2018 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
65. "2019 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
66. "2020 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 14 January 2021.
67. "2021 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 11 June 2021.
68. "2022 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 9 May 2022.
69. Stewart, Sophia (2023-05-08). "'Demon Copperhead,' 'Trust,' 'His Name Is George Floyd' Among 2023 Pulitzer Prize Winners". Publishers Weekly . Retrieved 2023-05-10.
70. "2023 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
71. "2023 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
72. "2024 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved 6 May 2024.
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Further reading

• Stuckey, W. J. (1981). The Pulitzer Prize Novels: A Critical Backward Look. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN   978-0806106885.

External links

• Novels portal

• Official website for Pulitzer Prize: for the Novel and for Fiction
• A collection of the public domain winners as eBooks at Standard Ebooks
• The Pulitzer Prize Thumbnails Project
• Michael's Cunningham's "Letter from the Pulitzer Fiction Jury: What Really Happened This Year," The New Yorker — Part One (July 9, 2012) and Part Two (July 10, 2012)