Between 2010 and 2020, the city's White population declined in Queens, the Bronx, and then Staten Island, but increased in Brooklyn and Manhattan. The Black population declined in Brooklyn, Queens and Manhattan, while increasing in the Bronx and Staten Island. The Asian population increased in all five boroughs.[2]
According to the 2019-20 demographic data from Mayor's Office of Immigrant Affairs, 3,030,397 city residents had been born outside of the United States. White and Black immigrants each made up 19% of this population, while Asians made up 28%. Since the 2010s, Asian newcomers have been growing faster than any other group.[3]
The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest population of Dominican origin in the United States, and as of 2023 Dominicans were the largest Pan-American and Caribbean group in the city, as well as the largest self-identified national group in Manhattan. New York City is also home to the largest Jewish community outside Israel.[5] It is additionally home to nearly a quarter of all Indian Americans and 15% of all Korean Americans;[6][7] the largest African-American community of any city in the country; and including six Chinatowns in the city proper,[8] comprised as of 2008 a population of 659,596 overseas Chinese,[9] the largest outside of Asia. New York City, according to the 2010 Census, had become home to more than one million Asian Americans, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles.[10] New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.[11] 6.0% of New York City residents were of Chinese ethnicity, about two-fifths of whom lived in Queens. Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese 0.3%. Filipinos were the largest southeast Asian ethnic group (0.8%), followed by Vietnamese (0.2%). Indians were the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, while Pakistanis were 0.4% and Bangladeshis 0.8%, respectively.[12]
The Puerto Rican population of New York City is the largest outside Puerto Rico.[13] The New York City metropolitan area is also home to the largest Italian population in North America and the third largest Italian population outside of Italy. Italians emigrated to the city in large numbers in the early 20th century, establishing several "Little Italies". The Irish also have a notable presence, along with Germans.
The city's population in 2020 was 35.9% White, 22.7% Black, 14.6% Asian, 10.5% Mixed and 0.7% Native American and 0.1% Pacific Islander.[1] Throughout its history, New York has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States. More than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954.[14] The term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. By 1900, Germans were the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians.[15] In 1940, Whites represented 92% of the city's population at 6.6 million.[16][17]
Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles.[23] New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.[24] The New York City borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American population and the largest Andean (Venezuelan, Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian, and Bolivian) populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically and linguistically diverse urban area in the world.[25] Over 100,000 Venezuelan asylum seekers have arrived in New York City since 2022.[26]
In 2012, 6.3% of New York City was of Chinese ethnicity, with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn.[40] A community numbering 20,000 Korean-Chinese (Chaoxianzu or Joseonjok) is centered in Flushing, Queens, while New York City is home to the largest Tibetan population outside China, India, and Nepal, also centered in Queens.[41]Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese 0.3%. Filipinos were the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by Vietnamese, who made up 0.2% of New York City's population in 2010. Indians are the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladeshis and Pakistanis at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.[42] Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, Filipinos, and Malaysians,[43][31] and other Southeast Asians.
New York City has the largest White population of any American city. At more than 3.1 million in 2020, New York's White population is larger than the White populations of Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston combined.[44] The White population has begun to increase since 2020.[1]
New York is home to the highest Jewish population of any city in the world, numbering 960,000 in 2023, more than Tel Aviv and Jerusalem combined.[54] In the borough of Brooklyn, an estimated 1 in 4 residents is Jewish.[55] The city's Jewish communities are derived from many diverse sects, predominantly from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe, and including a rapidly growing Orthodox Jewish population, the largest outside Israel.[41]
Many Romani people moved to New York City from other parts of the United States after relief programs were put into effect in the 1930s. Roma from Hungary went to New York after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.[68]
White Americans make up 35.9% of New York City's population. According to the survey, there were more than 3.1 million White Americans residing in New York City.[1] Much of New York City's European heritage consists of individuals of Italian, Irish, German, Russian, Polish, English, and Greek ancestry.[69] There is a considerable Bulgarian population in New York. Bulgarians migrated in New York in the 1900s.[70]
According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, the top ten White, European ancestries were the following:[71]
African Americans, Blacks from other Pan-American countries and African Immigrants make up 22.7% of New York City's population. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there were more than 1.9 million black people residing in New York City.[1] Percentage wise, approximately two out of every five black residents of New York City resides in Brooklyn (primarily in the Central, Northern, and Eastern sections of the borough), one out of every five resides in Bronx (mainly in the borough's Northeastern, Southeastern and Southern sections) one out of every five resides in Queens (mainly in the borough's Southeastern area), with the remaining black residents residing in Manhattan (primarily in Harlem) and Staten Island (mainly the North Shore of the borough).
Asian Americans make up 14.6% of New York City's population. According to the survey, there were more than 1.2 million Asian Americans residing in New York City.[1] 445,145 were of Chinese descent, representing 5.4% of the city's population. In addition, there were 226,888 Indian Americans residing in the city, representing 2.7% of the population. Approximately 103,660 people identified themselves as "Other Asian", a category that includes people of Cambodian, Laotian, Hmong, and Pakistani descent. Individuals in this category represent 1.2% of the city's population. There were 88,162 Korean Americans residing in the city, representing 1.1% of the population. Other Asian American groups include those of Filipino (68,826, 0.8%), Japanese (26,096, 0.3%), and Vietnamese (18,030, 0.2%) descent.
Multiracial Americans make up 10.5% of New York City's population. According to the survey, there were more than 900,000 multiracial Americans residing in New York City.[1] People of black and white ancestry numbered at 37,124, making up 0.4% of the population. People of white and asian ancestry numbered at 22,242, making up 0.3% of the population. People of white and Native American ancestry (10,762) and black and Native American ancestry (10,221) each made up 0.1% of the city's population.
Native Americans make up 0.7% of New York City's population. According to the survey, there were more than 61,000 Native Americans residing in New York City.[1] 2,075 were of the Cherokee tribal grouping. In addition, 213 were of the Navajo tribal grouping. Also, 42 people identified themselves as Chippewa, and 47 people identified themselves as Sioux. There is a number of Mohawks indigenous to the New York city area and/or Upstate New York, and many Mohawks arrived in the 1930s to work in the skyscraper building construction industry.[72][unreliable source?] And a few Lenape Indians indigenous to the New York city area still remain in the city, migrated from other rural parts to Manhattan.[73]
Pacific Islander Americans make up 0.1% of New York City's population. According to the survey, there were more than 8,000 Pacific Islander Americans residing in New York City.[1] 1,992 were Native Hawaiian. Approximately 904 were of Samoan descent, and 504 were of Guamanian descent. In addition, 1,541 were of other Pacific Islander ancestries.
Descendants from other countries of the Americas make up 27.5% of New York City's population. According to the American Community Survey, there were 2,287,905 other Pan-Americans residing in New York City. The Pan-American population is categorized with four groups, "Puerto Rican" (785,618 or 9.4%), "Mexican" (297,581 or 3.6%), "Cuban" (42,377 or 0.5%), and "Other" (1,165,576 or 14.0%).[74] 33% of them are white, and 9% black.[75]
The city has several demographically unique characteristics. Queens is the only large county in the United States where the median income among black households, about $52,000 a year, has surpassed that of whites.[77]
The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest Jewish community outside Israel.[78] It is also home to nearly a quarter of the nation's Indian American population,[79] and the largest African American community of any city in the country. New York City, with about 800,000 Puerto Rican residents, has the largest Puerto Rican population outside of Puerto Rico. Another historically significant ethnic group are Italians, who emigrated to the city in large numbers during the late 19th century. New York City is home to the largest Italian American population in the United States. Only Buenos Aires and São Paulo have more Italian descendants outside of Italy than New York City. The Irish and Germans also have a notable presence.
* Excludes hard-to-estimate native resident counts All population figures are consistent with present-day boundaries † First census after the consolidation of the five boroughs
1613-2020:
216,319
∞*%
Click here [88] to view the density of New York City as an interactive map of the 1900 census, shortly after municipal consolidation of the five boroughs in 1898.
Languages
In 1940, a little over half of all White New Yorkers spoke English as their first languages, as large percentages spoke Yiddish, Italian, or German.
Brooklyn's Jewish community is the largest in the United States, with approximately 561,000 individuals.
Since its founding in 1625 by Dutch traders as New Amsterdam, New York City has been a major destination for immigrants of many nationalities who have formed ethnic enclaves, neighborhoods dominated by one ethnicity.[91][92] Freed African American slaves also moved to New York City in the Great Migration and the later Second Great Migration and formed ethnic enclaves.[93] These neighborhoods are set apart from the main city by differences such as food, goods for sale, or even language. Ethnic enclaves provide inhabitants security in work and social opportunities,[91] but limit economic opportunities, do not encourage the development of English speaking, and keep immigrants in their own culture.[91]
As of 2019[update], there are 3.1 million immigrants in New York City. This accounts for 37% of the city population and 45% of its workforce.[94] Ethnic enclaves in New York include Caribbean, Asian, European, Latin American, Middle Eastern and Jewish groups, who immigrated from or whose ancestors immigrated from various countries. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York.[95][96][97]
↑ Kirk Semple (June 23, 2011). "Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers". The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2011. Asians, a group more commonly associated with the West Coast, are surging in New York, where they have long been eclipsed in the city's kaleidoscopic racial and ethnic mix. For the first time, according to census figures released in the spring, their numbers have topped one million — nearly 1 in 8 New Yorkers — which is more than the Asian population in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles combined.
↑ The Newest New Yorkers: 2013, New York City Department of City Planning, December 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2017. "The immigrant share of the population has also doubled since 1965, to 37 percent. With foreign-born mothers accounting for 51 percent of all births, approximately 6-in-10 New Yorkers are either immigrants or the children of immigrants."
↑ Semple, Kirk (June 23, 2011). "Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers". The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2011. Asians, a group more commonly associated with the West Coast, are surging in New York, where they have long been eclipsed in the city's kaleidoscopic racial and ethnic mix. For the first time, according to census figures released in the spring, their numbers have topped one million—nearly one in eight New Yorkers—which is more than the Asian population in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles combined.
↑ Vivian Yee (February 22, 2015). "Indictment of New York Officer Divides Chinese-Americans". The New York Times. Retrieved November 17, 2023. Now they are reaching out to the Chinese-language press, contacting lawyers to advise Officer Liang and planning a protest march in New York, a city with the largest Chinese population outside of Asia.
Waxman, Sarah. "The History of New York's Chinatown". Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc. Retrieved August 28, 2022. Manhattan's Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in the United States and the site of the largest concentration of Chinese in the Western Hemisphere, is located on the Lower East Side.
↑ Eileen Sullivan (November 24, 2023). "Growing Numbers of Chinese Migrants Are Crossing the Southern Border". The New York Times. Retrieved November 24, 2023. Most who have come to the United States in the past year were middle-class adults who have headed to New York after being released from custody. New York has been a prime destination for migrants from other nations as well, particularly Venezuelans, who rely on the city's resources, including its shelters. But few of the Chinese migrants are staying in the shelters. Instead, they are going where Chinese citizens have gone for generations: Flushing, Queens. Or to some, the Chinese Manhattan..."New York is a self-sufficient Chinese immigrants community," said the Rev. Mike Chan, the executive director of the Chinese Christian Herald Crusade, a faith-based group in the neighborhood.
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