In number theory, Waring's problem asks whether each natural number k has an associated positive integer s such that every natural number is the sum of at most s natural numbers raised to the power k. For example, every natural number is the sum of at most 4 squares, 9 cubes, or 19 fourth powers. Waring's problem was proposed in 1770 by Edward Waring, after whom it is named. Its affirmative answer, known as the Hilbert–Waring theorem, was provided by Hilbert in 1909. Waring's problem has its own Mathematics Subject Classification, 11P05, "Waring's problem and variants".
Alphonse de Polignac (1826–1863) was a French mathematician and aristocrat. He is known for Polignac's Conjecture.
Joseph Liouville was a French mathematician and engineer.
Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan was a French mathematician, known both for his foundational work in group theory and for his influential Cours d'analyse.
Henri Paul Cartan was a French mathematician who made substantial contributions to algebraic topology.
Prof Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, FRSE was a Soviet mathematician working in mathematical analysis and partial differential equations.
Gaston Tarry was a French mathematician. Born in Villefranche de Rouergue, Aveyron, he studied mathematics at high school before joining the civil service in Algeria. He pursued mathematics as an amateur.
Louis Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Bachelier was a French mathematician at the turn of the 20th century. He is credited with being the first person to model the stochastic process now called Brownian motion, as part of his doctoral thesis The Theory of Speculation.
Marcel-Paul "Marco" Schützenberger was a French mathematician and Doctor of Medicine. He worked in the fields of formal language, combinatorics, and information theory. In addition to his formal results in mathematics, he was "deeply involved in [a] struggle against the votaries of [neo-]Darwinism", a stance which has resulted in some mixed reactions from his peers and from critics of his stance on evolution. Several notable theorems and objects in mathematics as well as computer science bear his name. Paul Schützenberger was his great-grandfather.
Dmitri Fyodorovich Egorov was a Russian and Soviet mathematician known for contributions to the areas of differential geometry and mathematical analysis. He was President of the Moscow Mathematical Society (1923–1930).
Thierry Aubin was a French mathematician who worked at the Centre de Mathématiques de Jussieu, and was a leading expert on Riemannian geometry and non-linear partial differential equations. His fundamental contributions to the theory of the Yamabe equation led, in conjunction with results of Trudinger and Schoen, to a proof of the Yamabe Conjecture: every compact Riemannian manifold can be conformally rescaled to produce a manifold of constant scalar curvature. Along with Yau, he also showed that Kähler manifolds with negative first Chern classes always admit Kähler–Einstein metrics, a result closely related to the Calabi conjecture. The latter result, established by Yau, provides the largest class of known examples of compact Einstein manifolds. Aubin was the first mathematician to propose the Cartan–Hadamard conjecture.
Gustave Choquet was a French mathematician.
Alexandru Froda was a Romanian mathematician with contributions in the field of mathematical analysis, algebra, number theory and rational mechanics. In his 1929 thesis he provided the namesake proof of an often unnamed theorem now sometimes called Froda's theorem.
Georges Julien Giraud was a French mathematician, working in potential theory, partial differential equations, singular integrals and singular integral equations: he is mainly known for his solution of the regular oblique derivative problem and also for his extension to n–dimensional singular integral equations of the concept of symbol of a singular integral, previously introduced by Solomon Mikhlin.
Marc Krasner was a Russian Empire-born French mathematician, who worked on algebraic number theory.
Jean-Marc Deshouillers is a French mathematician, specializing in analytic number theory. He is a professor at the University of Bordeaux.
The Valz Prize(Prix Valz) was awarded by the French Academy of Sciences, from 1877 through 1970, to honor advances in astronomy.
Henri Skoda is a French mathematician, specializing in the analysis of several complex variables.
Étienne Halphen was a French mathematician. He was known for his work in geometry, on probability distributions and information theory.
Frédéric Ladislas Joseph Marty was a French mathematician.
