SCH-51866

Last updated
SCH-51866
SCH-51866.svg
Names
IUPAC name
(6aR,9aS)-5-Methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]purin-4(3H)-one
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C19H18F3N5O/c1-26-17(28)15-16(27-13-4-2-3-12(13)23-18(26)27)25-14(24-15)9-10-5-7-11(8-6-10)19(20,21)22/h5-8,12-13H,2-4,9H2,1H3,(H,24,25)/t12-,13+/m1/s1
    Key: JOSMPBVYYKRYLG-OLZOCXBDSA-N
  • CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=C(N2)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)N4C1=N[C@H]5[C@@H]4CCC5
Properties
C19H18F3N5O
Molar mass 389.382 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

SCH-51866 is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. [1] [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphodiesterase inhibitor</span> Drug

A phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a drug that blocks one or more of the five subtypes of the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE), thereby preventing the inactivation of the intracellular second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by the respective PDE subtype(s). The ubiquitous presence of this enzyme means that non-specific inhibitors have a wide range of actions, the actions in the heart, and lungs being some of the first to find a therapeutic use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphodiesterase</span> Class of enzymes

A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below. However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D, autotaxin, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, DNases, RNases, and restriction endonucleases, as well as numerous less-well-characterized small-molecule phosphodiesterases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PDE5 inhibitor</span> Vasodilating drug

A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor is a vasodilating drug that works by blocking the degradative action of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) on cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels supplying various tissues. These drugs dilate the corpora cavernosa of the penis, facilitating erection with sexual stimulation, and are used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Sildenafil was the first effective oral treatment available for ED. Because PDE5 is also present in the smooth muscle of the walls of the arterioles within the lungs, two PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and tadalafil, are FDA-approved for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. As of 2019, the wider cardiovascular benefits of PDE5 inhibitors are being appreciated.

cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 is an enzyme from the phosphodiesterase class. It is found in various tissues, most prominently the corpus cavernosum and the retina. It has also been recently discovered to play a vital role in the cardiovascular system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pentoxifylline</span> Chemical compound

Pentoxifylline, also known as oxpentifylline, is a xanthine derivative used as a drug to treat muscle pain in people with peripheral artery disease. It is generic and sold under many brand names worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amrinone</span> Chemical compound

Amrinone, also known as inamrinone, and sold as Inocor, is a pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor. It is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. Amrinone has been shown to increase the contractions initiated in the heart by high-gain calcium induced calcium release (CICR). The positive inotropic effect of amrinone is mediated by the selective enhancement of high-gain CICR, which contributes to the contraction of myocytes by phosphorylation through cAMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca2+ calmodulin kinase pathways.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rolipram</span> Chemical compound

Rolipram is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor discovered and developed by Schering AG as a potential antidepressant drug in the early 1990s. It served as a prototype molecule for several companies' drug discovery and development efforts. Rolipram was discontinued after clinical trials showed that its therapeutic window was too narrow; it could not be dosed at high enough levels to be effective without causing significant gastrointestinal side effects.

Phosphodiesterase 1, PDE1, EC 3.1.4.1, systematic name oligonucleotide 5-nucleotidohydrolase) is a phosphodiesterase enzyme also known as calcium- and calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase. It is one of the 11 families of phosphodiesterase (PDE1-PDE11). Phosphodiesterase 1 has three subtypes, PDE1A, PDE1B and PDE1C which divide further into various isoforms. The various isoforms exhibit different affinities for cAMP and cGMP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphodiesterase 2</span> Class of enzymes

The PDE2 enzyme is one of 21 different phosphodiesterases (PDE) found in mammals. These different PDEs can be subdivided to 11 families. The different PDEs of the same family are functionally related despite the fact that their amino acid sequences show considerable divergence. The PDEs have different substrate specificities. Some are cAMP selective hydrolases, others are cGMP selective hydrolases and the rest can hydrolyse both cAMP and cGMP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autotaxin</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Autotaxin, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENPP2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBMX</span> Chemical compound

IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), like other methylated xanthine derivatives, is both a:

  1. competitive non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNFα and leukotriene synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity, and
  2. nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist.
<span class="mw-page-title-main">PDE4D</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4D gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PDE4A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4A gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PDE4B</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4B gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Etazolate</span> Chemical compound

Etazolate (SQ-20,009, EHT-0202) is an anxiolytic drug which is a pyrazolopyridine derivative and has unique pharmacological properties. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor at the barbiturate binding site, as an adenosine antagonist of the A1 and A2 subtypes, and as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE4 isoform. It is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mardepodect</span> Drug formerly in development

Mardepodect is a drug which was developed by Pfizer for the treatment of schizophrenia. It acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE10A subtype. The PDE10A enzyme is expressed primarily in the brain, mostly in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, and is thought to be particularly important in regulating the activity of dopamine-sensitive medium spiny neurons in the striatum which are known to be targets of conventional antipsychotic drugs. Older PDE10A inhibitors such as papaverine have been shown to produce antipsychotic effects in animal models, and more potent and selective PDE10A inhibitors are a current area of research for novel antipsychotic drugs which act through a different pathway to conventional dopamine or 5-HT2A antagonist drugs and may have a more favourable side effects profile. Mardepodect is currently one of the furthest advanced PDE10A inhibitors in development and has progressed through to Phase II clinical trials in humans. In 2017, development of mardepodect for the treatment of schizophrenia and Huntington's disease was discontinued.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor</span> Class of chemical compounds

A phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, commonly referred to as a PDE4 inhibitor, is a drug used to block the degradative action of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It is a member of the larger family of PDE inhibitors. The PDE4 family of enzymes are the most prevalent PDE in immune cells. They are predominantly responsible for hydrolyzing cAMP within both immune cells and cells in the central nervous system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piclamilast</span> Chemical compound

Piclamilast, is a selective PDE4 inhibitor. It is comparable to other PDE4 inhibitors for its anti-inflammatory effects. It has been investigated for its applications to the treatment of conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and asthma. It is a second generation compound that exhibits structural functionalities of the PDE4 inhibitors cilomilast and roflumilast. The structure for piclamilast was first elucidated in a 1995 European patent application. The earliest mention of the name "piclamilast" was used in a 1997 publication.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zaprinast</span> Chemical compound

Zaprinast was an unsuccessful clinical drug candidate that was a precursor to the chemically related PDE5 inhibitors, such as sildenafil (Viagra), which successfully reached the market. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for the subtypes PDE5, PDE6, PDE9 and PDE11. IC50 values are 0.76, 0.15, 29.0, and 12.0 μM, respectively.

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes. This superfamily is further classified into 11 families, PDE1 - PDE11, on the basis of regulatory properties, amino acid sequences, substrate specificities, pharmacological properties and tissue distribution. Their function is to degrade intracellular second messengers such as cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which leads to several biological processes like effect on intracellular calcium level by the Ca2+ pathway.

References

  1. Lusche, DF; Kaneko, H; Malchow, D (18 April 2005). "cGMP-Phosphodiesterase Antagonists Inhibit Ca2+-Influx in Dictyostelium discoideum and Bovine Cyclic-Nucleotide-Gated-Channel". European Journal of Pharmacology. 513 (1–2): 9–20. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.01.047. PMID   15878705.
  2. Beaumont, V; Park, L; Rassoulpour, A; Dijkman, U; Heikkinen, T; Lehtimaki, K; Kontkanen, O; Al Nackkash, R; Bates, GP; Gleyzes, M; Steidl, E; Ramboz, S; Murphy, C; Beconi, MG; Dominguez, C; Munoz-Sanjuan, I (13 February 2014). "The PDE1/5 Inhibitor SCH-51866 Does Not Modify Disease Progression in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease". PLOS Currents. 6. doi: 10.1371/currents.hd.3304e87e460b4bb0dc519a29f4deccca . PMC   3923778 . PMID   24558637.