Stroudwater Historic District | |
Location | Confluence of Stroudwater and Fore Rivers, Portland, Maine |
---|---|
Coordinates | 43°39′24″N70°18′52″W / 43.65667°N 70.31444°W |
Area | 115 acres (47 ha) |
Built | 1727 |
Architectural style | Greek Revival, Mixed |
NRHP reference No. | 73000126 [1] |
Added to NRHP | February 16, 1973 |
Stroudwater Historic District is a historic district in the Stroudwater neighborhood of Portland, Maine. The district encompasses an important early village in the Portland area, significant as a shipbuilding and mill site established by Thomas Westbrook in 1727. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. [1]
The historic center of the Stroudwater neighborhood of Portland is located on both sides of the Stroudwater River, at its mouth where it empties into the Fore River. The historic district encompasses a roughly triangular area, bounded on the northwest by a line extending along Penrith Road, the northeast by the Fore River, and the south by Garrison Street, although it extends a short way beyond Garrison on Westbrook Street. This area contains a significant concentration of houses built in the late 18th and early 19th centuries houses. It also has one of the city's early cemeteries (the oldest marked burial dating to 1739), and the Tate House, a National Historic Landmark house built in 1755 by a mast agent for the king. The area also has a number of mid-19th century houses, a remnant section of the Cumberland and Oxford Canal, and the archaeological remains of its early industrial past. [2]
The Stroudwater area was first settled by Europeans in the 17th century, with a sawmill near the Stroudwater falls. This settlement was abandoned in the 1680s due to conflict with local Native Americans. In 1727 the area was resettled by Colonel Thomas Westbrook, who was hired as the mast agent for the government of King George II. He built some of the early roads through the area, in part to facilitate the hauling of masts to a ship landing on the river. He built an early dam and bridge across the river, as well as sawmills and gristmills, in effect establishing an early industrial village. Business flourished in the area until trade was halted by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812, but saw a revival with the construction of the Cumberland and Oxford Canal. The canal was eventually overtaken in economic importance by railroads, and it was a railroad bridge which cut the area's wharves and shipbuilding facilities from the harbor. It has since become a predominantly residential part of the city. [2]
Westbrook is a city in Cumberland County, Maine, United States and a suburb of Portland. The population was 20,400 at the 2020 census, making it the fastest-growing city in Maine between 2010 and 2020. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.
Windham is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 18,434 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of South Windham and North Windham. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Fore River is a short horn-shaped estuary, approximately 5.7 miles (9.2 km) long, separating Portland and South Portland in Maine in the United States. Many of the port facilities of the Portland harbor are along the estuary, which is formed just southwest of Portland by the confluence of several creeks. The estuary was initially known as Levett's River, so named by the first English settler of the Casco Bay region, Capt. Christopher Levett. But shortly afterwards, the estuary came to have the name by which it is known today.
The Stroudwater River is a 15.2-mile-long (24.5 km) river located mostly in Cumberland County, Maine. The river begins as a small stream at Duck Pond in Buxton and grows as it flows through Buxton, Gorham, Westbrook, and finally Portland before emptying into the Fore River at Stroudwater falls in Portland's Stroudwater neighborhood. Several smaller streams flow into the river in Buxton and Gorham, including Deering Brook, Gully Brook, Fogg Brook and Silver Brook.
The Tate House is a historic house museum at 1270 Westbrook Street, near the Fore River in the Stroudwater neighborhood of Portland, Maine, United States. The house, one of the oldest in Portland, was built in 1755 for George Tate, a former Royal Navy captain who was sent by a contractor to the Navy to oversee the felling and shipment of trees for use as masts. Because of the house's comparatively remote location away from central Portland, it survived Portland's numerous fires intact. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark as a rare surviving example of a once-common colonial housing form, the clerestory gambrel roof. Since 1935 it has been a museum operated by the National Society of the Colonial Dames.
The Presumpscot River is a 25.8-mile-long (41.5 km) river located in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. It is the main outlet of Sebago Lake. The river provided an early transportation corridor with reliable water power for industrial development of the city of Westbrook and the village of South Windham.
The Old Port is a district of Portland, Maine, known for its cobblestone streets, 19th-century brick buildings and fishing piers. The district contains boutiques, restaurants and bars. Because of its reputation for nightlife, the Old Port is a popular destination for tourists and locals alike.
The S. D. Warren Paper Mill is a paper mill on the Presumpscot River in Westbrook, Maine. It is now owned by SAPPI Limited, a South African paper concern. It is one of Westbrook's major employers. The mill complex and former worker and management housing associated with the mill's operation in the 19th century were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 as the Cumberland Mills Historic District.
The Cumberland and Oxford Canal was opened in 1832 to connect the largest lakes of southern Maine with the seaport of Portland, Maine. The canal followed the Presumpscot River from Sebago Lake through the towns of Standish, Windham, Gorham, and Westbrook. The Canal diverged from the river at Westbrook to reach the navigable Fore River estuary and Portland Harbor. The canal required 27 locks to reach Sebago Lake at an elevation of 267 feet (81 m) above sea level. One additional lock was constructed in the Songo River to provide 5 feet (1.5 m) of additional elevation to reach Long Lake from Sebago Lake. Total navigable distance was approximately 38 miles (61 km) from Portland to Harrison at the north end of Long Lake. A proposed extension from Harrison to Bear Pond and Tom Pond in Waterford would have required three more locks on the Bear River, but they were never built.
Colonel Thomas Westbrook (1675–1743/44) was a senior New England militia officer in Maine during Father Rale's War. In addition to this senior militia role he was a scout, a colonial councillor, an innkeeper, a mill owner, a land speculator and a King's Mast Agent. He is the namesake of Westbrook, Maine.
Portland, Maine, is home to many neighborhoods.
The Fore River Sanctuary is an 85-acre (34 ha) protected area in Portland, Maine. Located in the Stroudwater neighborhood, the sanctuary is home of Jewell Falls, Portland's only natural waterfall and the former home of the Cumberland and Oxford Canal. It also includes a salt water marsh which attracts a number of different species of birds and small mammals. It is named after the nearby Fore River and was protected by the National Audubon Society prior to being given to Portland Trails. The land was donated to Portland Trails by Tom Jewell, one of the founders of Portland Trails, a non-profit urban land trust preserving lands throughout Greater Portland.
Congress Street is the main street in Portland, Maine. Congress stretches from Portland's southwestern border with Westbrook through a number of neighborhoods before ending overlooking the Eastern Promenade on Munjoy Hill. In March 2009, the Portland City Council designated much of the inner portion of Congress Street an historic district. The western section of the street includes the city's Arts District.
Freeport is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 8,737 at the 2020 census. Once home to a prominent shipbuilding industry, timber operations, and farming, it is now known for its numerous outlet stores; Freeport is home to L.L. Bean, Wolfe's Neck Woods State Park, and the Desert of Maine.
Gorham is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 18,336 at the 2020 United States Census. In addition to its urban village center known as Gorham Village or simply "the Village," the town encompasses a number of smaller, unincorporated villages and hamlets with distinct historical identities, including South Gorham, West Gorham, Little Falls, White Rock, and North Gorham. Gorham is home to one of the three campuses of the University of Southern Maine. In 2013, Gorham was voted second-best town in Maine after Hampden by a financial website.
The Freeport Main Street Historic District encompasses a 1-2 block area of Main Street in Freeport, Maine. It extends from Grove and Holbrook Streets in the south to Mill and Nathan Nye Streets in the north, just south of the L. L. Bean complex. The district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, encompasses a well-preserved remnant of Freeport's 19th century town center.
Stroudwater Falls is a manmade dam in Portland, Maine, dating to the 1850s. The dam is fed by the Stroudwater River which runs from Duck Pond, in Buxton, Maine, to the Fore River (Maine) in Portland. The dam, located near the Westbrook Street bridge, prevents tidal waters from the Fore River from flowing up the Stroudwater River’s channel.
The Canal Street–Clark Street Neighborhood Historic District encompasses a compact 19th-century working-class neighborhood of Brattleboro, Vermont. Most of its buildings are modest vernacular wood-frame buildings, erected between 1830 and 1935; there are a few apartment blocks, and one church. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
The Bath Historic District encompasses the historic 19th-century business district of Bath, Maine, along with an adjacent period neighborhood. The city has a long history as one of the nation's preeminent shipbuilding centers. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
The Morrisville Historic District encompasses most of the historic commercial downtown area of the village of Morrisville in Morristown, Vermont. Developed in the early 19th century as a service town for the surrounding agricultural areas, it was transformed into a major service regional commercial center by the arrive of the railroad in 1872. Its surviving architecture is largely reflective of these two time periods. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and enlarged in 2007.