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Superhero films are movies centered on a superhero or a number of superheroes. These characters typically possess superhuman abilities, and teams of superheroes will often have several distinct character archetypes and personalities. Films in this genre tend to address themes of power, justice, society, and the nature of evil. Superhero films also typically blend elements of action, adventure, fantasy, and science fiction. Traditionally, the first film in a series about a particular superhero character often focuses on the hero's origin story and typically introduces the hero's nemesis.
Many superhero films are adaptations of existing work. Though some, such as RoboCop and The Incredibles, were developed as original projects. Marvel, DC, and Dark Horsecomic books have frequently provided source material for superhero films. Films may also be based on preexisting live-action, animation, or radio series.
According to box office income figures from The Numbers, as of December 2024, the ten highest-grossing superhero films are:
In 1957, Shintoho produced the first film serial featuring the tokusatsu superhero character Super Giant, signaling a shift in Japanese popular culture toward masked superheroes in tokusatsu. Along with Astro Boy, the Super Giant film series heavily influenced later Japanese tokusatsu superhero films.[12]Moonlight Mask had also became popular around that time, with six films retelling the story of the TV series.[13] Another early Japanese superhero film was Ōgon Bat (1966), starring Sonny Chiba and based on the 1931 kamishibai superhero Ōgon Bat.[14]
The kaiju monster Godzilla, originally a villain, transitioned into a superhero role in subsequent films.[15] He has been described as "the original radioactive superhero," due to his nuclear origin story predating Spider-Man's 1962 debut,[15] although Godzilla did not become a hero until Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster (1964).[16] By the 1970s, Godzilla came to be viewed as a superhero, with the magazine King of the Monsters in 1977 describing Godzilla as the "Superhero of the '70s". Donald F. Glut wrote that Godzilla was "the most universally popular superhero of 1977."[17]
The year 1966 saw the debut of the Ultra Series with the kaiju TV show Ultra Q. However, with the release of the original Ultraman, the franchise started focusing on superheroes. The series was met with a 36.8% average audience rate.[18] In 1967, Ultraman started expanding to films. Early films, such as Ultraman: Monster Movie Feature, were compilations or theatrical releases of TV show episodes. The first original Ultraman film was The 6 Ultra Brothers vs. the Monster Army, a co-production with Thailand.[19]
This rise in popularity of television superheroes in Japan led to the Kamen Rider and Super Sentai franchises by manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori in 1971 and 1975, respectively. Similar to Ultraman, many early Kamen Rider and Super Sentai episodes were released as films. Original Kamen Rider films released before 1978 include Kamen Rider vs. Shocker, Kamen Rider vs. Ambassador Hell, Kamen Rider V3 vs. Destron Mutants, and Five Riders vs. King Dark.[citation needed]
Alex Proyas' The Crow (1994) became the first independent comic superhero franchise film.[24] The films introduced previously unseen depictions of violence for younger audiences, bridging the gap to the more modern action film.[25] The success of The Crow may have influenced the release of a film version of Spawn (1997), Image Comics' leading character. After Marvel bought Malibu Comics (the company that owned The Men in Black comic series), Marvel and Columbia Pictures released Men in Black in 1997.[26] This film was the first Marvel property to win an Academy Award and, at the time, was the highest-grossing comic book adaptation.[27] While commercially successful, Joel Schumacher's Batman & Robin (1997) was critically panned for its campiness[28] and deviation from the darker style of the series' first two films directed by Tim Burton.[29] Some have cited it as a factor in the temporary decline of the superhero film sub-genre.[30][31]
Starting with the 1990s, original Ultraman films became more common. In 1996, Tsuburaya released Ultraman Zearth, which parodied the original TV series and later installments.[32] The following year, the sequel titled Ultraman Zearth 2: Superhuman Big Battle - Light and Shadow premiered.[citation needed]
1998–2007: Further rise with Blade and Blade II,X-Men, Samuel Raimi's Spider-Man, Daredevil, and Batman Begins
John Kenneth Muir, in The Encyclopedia of Superheroes on Film and Television, describes The Matrix as re-imagination of movie visuals, paving the way for the visuals of later superhero films. He credits it with helping to "make comic-book superheroes hip", and notes that its bullet-time effect successfully demonstrated the concept of "faster than a speeding bullet" on-screen.[36]Inspector Gadget and Mystery Men would then follow to close out the decade for the sub-genre.[citation needed]
On March 9, 2015, publishing house Valiant Comics made a nine-figure deal with Chinese company DMG Entertainment to produce their own series of superhero movies, set in their own cinematic universe.[48] The series was co-produced by Sony Pictures and started with a movie adaptation of Bloodshot for a 2020 release, which will be followed by Harbinger, both movies receiving a sequel and ending in a crossover movie based on the Harbinger Wars arc from the comic books.[49]
In 2015, Italian filmmaker Gabrielle Mainetti directed a superhero film, They Call Me Jeeg starring Claudio Santamaria.[50] Its original title is Lo Chiamavano Jeeg Robot, from the Italian name of the anime and manga series Steel Jeeg. It was released in Italy on February 25, 2016.[51]
In 2016, the eighth installment in the X-Men series, Deadpool, was released in February and later went on to become the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time (when adjusted for inflation) and the highest-grossing film of the series. The ninth installment, X-Men: Apocalypse, was released in May. Warner Bros. released Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, the first film to feature both Batman and Superman, in March 2016. This film performed moderately well at the box office but received poor reviews. Suicide Squad, released in August, features a team of anti-hero/supervillains. Both Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and Suicide Squad are set in the DCEU. Marvel Studios released Captain America: Civil War, in which the Avengers split into two opposing factions, in May, and that November released Doctor Strange, which recounts the superhero origin of Stephen Strange, both of which take place in the MCU. In October, Max Steel, based on the eponymous toy line by Mattel, was released.[52]
January 2017 saw the release of M. Night Shyamalan's Split, which served as a standalone sequel to Unbreakable. The first Finnish superhero film, Rendel: Dark Vengeance, was released in September 2017 and it won the Best Action Movie award at the Erratum Film Festival in Mexico.[53]Power Rangers, a movie reboot of the TV series, was released in March, with Lionsgate planning a seven-film franchise; however, it was a commercial disappointment. By contrast, the film Logan, which was Hugh Jackman and Patrick Stewart's last appearances as their characters in the X-Men film series prior to Disney's acquisition of 20th Century Fox, proved to be a major critical and commercial success. This film was the first ever canon X-Men movie to be rated R and the first superhero movie to receive an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. In the summer movie season, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Wonder Woman, and Spider-Man: Homecoming confirmed the superhero film dominance of the mainstream movie market.[54] That dominance continued into the fall with the success of Thor: Ragnarok, but Warner Bros.' attempt to consummate its endeavor to have its own shared universe media franchise, the DCEU, with Justice League was a critical and financial disappointment.[citation needed]
In February 2018, Marvel Studios released Black Panther, featuring the solo film adaptation of the first mainstream Black superhero, the Black Panther. It was a commercial and critical success in the MCU franchise. Furthermore, it became the first superhero film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.[55]
This MCU project was soon followed up by Avengers: Infinity War, released in April 2018, which earned both critical acclaim[56] and worldwide financial success, earning an excess of $2billion.[57] Soon after, 20th Century Fox released Deadpool 2 in May 2018.[58] In addition, Incredibles 2 had its wide release in June 2018, and was met with considerable critical acclaim[59] and earned $182.68million on its premiere weekend.[60] The next superhero film in the MCU, Ant-Man and the Wasp was released on July 6th, with competing studios declining to release major films on American Independence Day in the face of the reliably known film franchise.[citation needed]
The anti-hero film Venom, based on the comic book character, was released in October 2018, to poor reviews but box-office success. In December 2018, Warner Bros. released Aquaman, a film about the DC Comics superhero of the same name, which became the DCEU's most successful film at the box office, grossing $1.148 billion worldwide.[citation needed]
2019—present
2019 began with M. Night Shyamalan's Glass, the culmination of Unbreakable and Split, in January. In March, the MCU's Captain Marvel overcame online hostility which stemmed in part from star Brie Larson's comments about the lack of diversity in the film and film criticism industries,[61] to become the next film in the franchise to earn over $1 billion worldwide[62] amid largely positive reviews.[63] Later in April, the DCEU's Shazam!, featuring the lead character who was previously known as Captain Marvel himself, had decent box office success for its relatively low budget,[64] which has been seen as further evidence of the revitalization of the Warner Bros. media franchise. That same month, Avengers: Endgame ended the Infinity Saga with widespread acclaim, broke numerous box office records, and became the fastest film to exceed $1 billion worldwide, doing so in just five days. Avengers: Endgame became the highest-grossing film of all time, surpassing James Cameron's Avatar for over two years, before the latter retook its place.[citation needed]
By contrast, the X-Men film Dark Phoenix performed poorly critically and financially upon release in June.[65] In addition, it was observed that there was noticeable fan indifference to a concluding film series of a property that would be put in the complete control of Marvel Studios producer, Kevin Feige, along with the Fantastic Four, for integration into the MCU franchise in due time considering Disney's acquisition of 20th Century Fox.[66] In July 2019, Phase 3 of the MCU was concluded with the Sony film Spider-Man: Far From Home, which was released to critical and commercial success.[citation needed]
In August 2019, Joko Anwar's Gundala was released in Indonesia.[67] It was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in September and was the first entry in the Bumilangit Cinematic Universe (BCU) film series based on characters of comic books published by Bumilangit.[68] The second and third films in the series, Sri Asih and Patriot Taruna: Virgo and the Sparklings, were announced for a 2020 release but were pushed back to 2021 as production was significantly delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic.[69] The production company's strategy of announcing films in volumes with a team-up film as the climax has led to the media dubbing it the "Indonesian equivalent to the MCU and DCEU".[70]
In 2022, Warner Bros. released The Batman, a reboot of the Batman film series, and unconnected to the DC Extended Universe. It was a critical and commercial hit, with particular praise for the film being a 'grounded detective story,[83]' due to Matt Reeves' direction and Robert Pattinson's performance as the titular hero.[84] It went on to become the second biggest pandemic debut, after Spider-Man: No Way Home.[85]Morbius, starring Jared Leto and based on the Spider-Man villain of the same name debuted that April as another chapter in Sony's Spider-Man Universe. The film was critically panned and a box-office bomb.[86]Variety reported that whilst the initial opening was hopeful for Morbius, " The character is not nearly as recognizable to general audiences as Spider-Man, Batman or Venom, nor is the film clearly connected to a larger story like Eternals or Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings. Thus, Morbius wasn't expected to match the receipts for recent comic book tent-poles based on those characters."[87] Scott Mendelson further stated that Sony seemed to rely on the film's connection to the Spider-Man universe, the success of Venom and a misguided assumption that audiences were interested in villain movies.[88]
In May, Sam Raimi returned to the superhero genre with Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness. The film was met with mixed-to-positive reviews and earned $187million on its opening weekend, becoming the eleventh-best domestic debut of all time, the best summer debut for a Disney release during the pandemic, and Raimi's best opening.[89] In its second weekend, the film earned $61 million, becoming one of the MCU's biggest second-weekend box office drops. The 67% decline was attributed by Deadline Hollywood to the "bad word of mouth" on the film and its CinemaScore grade, while Intelligence saw more than 17% downsize of available seats for the film, resulting in less showtimes which also led to the decline.[90] In its third weekend, the film earned $31.6million, contributing to the 800-million-dollar mark at the box office to become Hollywood's second-highest-grossing film released during the pandemic behind No Way Home.[91] The film earned $16.4million in its fourth weekend, contributing to the total box office that helped it to become the highest-grossing film of 2022 previously held by The Batman.[92] As of June 2022, the film stands as the 11th highest-grossing of the MCU worldwide.[93]
As of 2022,[update] superhero films have become essential for the entertainment industry. According to The Hollywood Reporter, "With rare exception, even A+ stars aren't making what they used to" making it "one of the last ways for an actor to earn a major payday". The article quotes, "If you want to get paid, you have to put on a cape." The article also states that characters like Spider-Man and Batman are more important than the actors themselves.[99]
As superhero film production increased during the latter end of the 2010s, the genre's contribution to cinema was questioned. In a 2019 interview with Empire magazine, American filmmaker Martin Scorsese commented, "The closest I can think of them, as well made as they are, with actors doing the best they can under the circumstances, is theme parks. It isn't the cinema of human beings trying to convey emotional, psychological experiences to another human being." He stated that the Marvel films were not "cinema".[107] He later added that he was worried about studios' dependence on the format because in "many places around this country and the world, franchise films are now your primary choice if you want to see something on the big screen. It's a perilous time in film exhibition, and there are fewer independent theaters than ever."[108] Although, in a New York Times essay, he credited those who work on superhero films, writing:
"Many franchise films are made by people of considerable talent and artistry. You can see it on the screen. The fact that the films themselves don't interest me is a matter of personal taste and temperament. I know that if I were younger, if I'd come of age at a later time, I might have been excited by these pictures and maybe even wanted to make one myself," he wrote, adding "but I grew up when I did and I developed a sense of movies — of what they were and what they could be — that was as far from the Marvel universe as we on Earth are from Alpha Centauri."[108]
Criticism of Marvel Studios' films continued with Jennifer Aniston stating that Marvel movies are "diminishing" and believed that there should be a "resurgence" of "the era of Meg Ryan." "Let's get the Terms of Endearment back out there. You know, Heaven Can Wait, Young Frankenstein, Blazing Saddles, Goodbye Girl."[109]Denis Villeneuve dismissed "too many Marvel films" as being "a cut and paste of others"[110] and Roland Emmerich stated that large blockbuster films such as the MCU and Star Wars films were "ruining our industry a little" since "nobody does anything original anymore".[111] However, in March 2022, Nicolas Cage stated that "Marvel has done a really excellent job of entertaining the whole family. They put a lot of thought into it. I mean, it's definitely had a big progression from when I was doing the first two Ghost Rider movies. Kevin Feige, or whoever is behind that machine, has found a masterful way of weaving the stories together and interconnecting all the characters. What could be wrong with wholesome entertainment that is appealing to the parents and the children, and gives people something to look forward to?" Cage asked. "I just, I don't see what the issue is."[112]
Some media commentators have attributed the increasingly popular superhero franchises in the new millennium to the social and political climate in Western society since the September 11 attacks,[113] although others have argued advances in special effects technology have played a more significant role.[114] Others have postulated that its box office dominance is in part due to its flexibility, a shared trait from its original publishing origins. Namely, the editorial realities of comic book publishing, which can have series running for decades, encouraged writers to resort to a variety of story situations so diverse from the fantastic to the relatively realistic, for so long and so often that it has become an expected element of the genre to have such adaptability.[115] For example, with the common element being that they all feature heroes with extraordinary abilities and typically in a distinctive costume, many successful superhero films have used a plethora of genres such as:
However, there is additional questioning as to how broad or vague the superhero genre is – and whether it could be legitimately classified as a film genre at all – when the basic definition is that of a benevolent hero or antihero with superhuman abilities, in which case many other films not traditionally associated as superhero plots would fall under the description.[117]
Writer Alan Moore, a veteran of the comics industry known for his work on Watchmen, V for Vendetta, Batman:The Killing Joke, and From Hell, has expressed criticism of modern superhero movies in general, which he once called a "blight" to cinema and "also to culture to a degree." He said in an October 2022 interview with The Guardian that the popularization of the genre on the part of adults is an "infantilization" that can act as "a precursor to fascism." Lamenting at how deeply such films became part of the culture, Moore commented:[118][119]
"I will always love and adore the comics medium, but the comics industry and all of the stuff attached to it just became unbearable...Hundreds of thousands of adults [are] lining up to see characters and situations that had been created to entertain the 12-year-old boys – and it was always boys – of 50 years ago. I didn't think that superheroes were adult fare. I think that this was a misunderstanding born of what happened in the 1980s – to which I must put my hand up to a considerable share of the blame, though it was not intentional – when things like Watchmen were first appearing. There were an awful lot of headlines saying, 'Comics Have Grown Up'. I tend to think that, no, comics hadn't grown up. There were a few titles that were more adult than people were used to. But the majority of comics titles were pretty much the same as they'd ever been. It wasn't comics growing up. I think it was more comics meeting the emotional age of the audience coming the other way."[118][119]
In a September 2023 interview with The Telegraph, Moore reiterated this view, saying that what had appealed to him most about output from comics publishers was "no more", saying, "Now they're called 'graphic novels', which sounds sophisticated, and you can charge a lot more for them. These innocent and inventive and imaginative superhero characters from the '40s, '50s and '60s are being recycled to a modern audience as if they were adult fare." During that same interview, journalist Jake Kerridge asked Moore if it was true that he divided the money he had received from onscreen adaptations of his work among the writers and other staff persons of those productions. Moore replied, "I no longer wish it to even be shared with them. I don't feel, with the recent films, that they have stood by what I assumed were their original principles. So, I asked for DC Comics to send all of the money from any future TV series or films to Black Lives Matter."[120][119]
By the 2020s, the term superhero fatigue had emerged to describe audiences' increasing exhaustion of overly homogeneous superhero films, as evidenced by diminishing box-office returns and poor critical reception. In particular, the Marvel Cinematic Universe has been criticized for over-saturating the market with its expansion to streaming beginning with Phase Four, prompting Marvel Studios to begin rethinking its annual output.[121][122][123]
Another comedic play on superheroes is The Specials, a 2000 film in which the title team is more concerned with their public image than actually being superheroes.
Kevin Smith's 2001 film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, parodies film companies' seemingly compulsive purchase of comic book film rights with "Bluntman and Chronic". In the film, the character Brodie Bruce (played by Jason Lee) describes the process: "After X-Men hit at the box office, the movie companies started buying out every comic property they could get their dirty little hands-on".
2008's Hancock was a subversion of the genre by having the title character become a reluctant superhero. The movie grossed more than $629 million at the box office.
Matthew Vaughn directed the 2010 film Kick-Ass which saw a normal teenager turn to crime fighting. A sequel, Kick-Ass 2 was released in 2013.
Alejandro González Iñárritu's Oscar-winning 2014 film Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) satirizes Hollywood's reliance on superhero and blockbuster films. In the film, Michael Keaton portrays Riggan Thomson, a washed-up Hollywood actor known for playing the superhero Birdman in blockbuster movies decades earlier. He is tormented by the voice of Birdman, which mocks and criticizes him, and he sees himself performing feats of levitation and telekinesis.[126]
Philippe Lacheau's 2021 French movie Super-héros malgré lui or Super Who? in English follows an actor who landed the role of a superhero named "Badman", but suffers an accident that causes him amnesia, and so he starts believing to be an actual superhero. The movie references DC and Marvel while making fun of the superhero film genre.[127]
Quentin Dupieux’s 2022 French film Fumer Fait Touser (Smoking Causes Coughing) follows a team of five superheroes called the Tobacco Force who, following a battle against a diabolical giant turtle that goes wrong, go on compulsory retreat in order to strengthen cohesion within their group until an enemy named Lézardin interrupts the retreat to destroy the planet Earth.
Graeber, David (2012). Super Position (Essay). The New Inquiry.*Graeber, David (October 8, 2012). "Super Position". The New Inquiry. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
A superhero or superheroine is a fictional character who typically possesses superpowers or abilities beyond those of ordinary people, is frequently costumed concealing their identity, and fits the role of the hero, typically using their powers to help the world become a better place, or dedicating themselves to protecting the public and fighting crime. Superhero fiction is the genre of fiction that is centered on such characters, especially, since the 1930s, in American comic books, as well as in Japanese media.
Deadpool is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Fabian Nicieza and Rob Liefeld, the character first appeared in New Mutants #98. In his comic book appearances, Deadpool is initially depicted as a supervillain of the New Mutants and X-Force, though later stories would portray him as an antihero. Deadpool is the alter ego of Wade Wilson, a disfigured Canadian mercenary with superhuman regenerative healing abilities. He is known for his tendency to joke incessantly and break the fourth wall for humorous effect.
Nelson Alexander Ross is an American comic book writer and artist known primarily for his painted interiors, covers, and design work. He first became known with the 1994 miniseries Marvels, on which he collaborated with writer Kurt Busiek for Marvel Comics. He has since done a variety of projects for both Marvel and DC Comics, such as the 1996 miniseries Kingdom Come, which he also cowrote. Since then he has done covers and character designs for Busiek's series Astro City, and various projects for Dynamite Entertainment. His feature film work includes concept and narrative art for Spider-Man (2002) and Spider-Man 2 (2004), and DVD packaging art for the M. Night Shyamalan film Unbreakable (2000). He has done covers for TV Guide, promotional artwork for the Academy Awards, posters and packaging design for video games, and his renditions of superheroes have been merchandised as action figures.
Marvel Studios, LLC, formerly known as Marvel Films, is an American film and television production company. Marvel Studios is the creator of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), a media franchise and shared universe of films and television series produced by the studio, based on characters that appear in Marvel Comics publications. The studio was founded in 1993 by Avi Arad as part of Marvel Entertainment Group and has been led by producer Kevin Feige, who serves as its president since 2007. The studio originally licensed the film rights to several Marvel characters before beginning to produce its own films in 2004, and has since regained many of those rights. In 2009, the Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Studios' parent company Marvel Entertainment, and in 2015, they transferred Marvel Studios to the Walt Disney Studios, which has been a part of the Disney Entertainment division since 2023. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures has distributed most of the studio's films since The Avengers (2012).
Fantastic Four is a 2005 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. It was directed by Tim Story, and released by 20th Century Fox. The film stars Ioan Gruffudd, Jessica Alba, Chris Evans, Michael Chiklis, Julian McMahon, and Kerry Washington. The film follows the origins of the titular team as they learn to come to terms with their newfound abilities following their exposure to cosmic rays.
The Bronze Age of Comic Books is an informal name for a period in the history of American superhero comic books, usually said to run from 1970 to 1985. It follows the Silver Age of Comic Books and is followed by the Modern Age of Comic Books.
Firebird is a superhero character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Bill Mantlo and artist Sal Buscema, the character first appeared in Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #265. The character has been a member of the Rangers and the Avengers West Coast at various points in her history.
Carol Susan Jane Danvers is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Gene Colan, the character first appeared as an officer in the United States Air Force and a colleague of the Kree superhero Mar-Vell in Marvel Super-Heroes #13. Danvers later became the first incarnation of Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel #1 after her DNA was fused with Mar-Vell's during an explosion, giving her superhuman powers. Debuting in the Silver Age of comics, the character was featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with the superhero teams the Avengers and the X-Men. The character has also been known as Binary, Warbird, and Captain Marvel at various points in her history.
Superhero fiction is a subgenre of speculative fiction examining the adventures, personalities and ethics of costumed crime fighters known as superheroes, who often possess superhuman powers and battle similarly powered criminals known as supervillains. The genre primarily falls between hard fantasy and soft science fiction in the spectrum of scientific realism. It is most commonly associated with American comic books, though it has expanded into other media through adaptations and original works.
Superhero comics is one of the most common genres of American comic books. The genre rose to prominence in the 1930s and became extremely popular in the 1940s and has remained the dominant form of comic book in North America since the 1960s. Superhero comics feature stories about superheroes and the universes these characters inhabit.
In superhero comic books, a team-up is a fictional crossover where two or more superheroes or superhero teams who usually do not appear together work together on a shared goal.
The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe centered on a series of superhero films produced by Marvel Studios. The films are based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The franchise also includes several television series, short films, digital series, and literature. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.
Edward McGuinness is an American comic book artist and penciller, who has worked on books such as Superman, Superman/Batman, Deadpool, and Hulk. His pencil work is frequently inked by Dexter Vines, and as such, their cover work carries the stylized signature "EdEx". McGuinness frequent collaborator, writer Jeph Loeb, had characterized McGuinness' art style as incorporating elements of artists Jack Kirby and Arthur Adams.
Lego Super Heroes is a theme and product range of the Lego construction toy, introduced in 2011, owned by The Lego Group and licensed from DC Entertainment, Marvel Entertainment, Warner Bros., The Walt Disney Company and Pixar.
How It Should Have Ended (HISHE) is an animated web series that parodies popular films by creating alternate endings and pointing out various flaws. Endings for many major films have been presented, using the tagline "sometimes movies don't finish the way we'd like".
↑ Iñárritu, Alejandro G. (November 14, 2014), Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (Comedy, Drama), Michael Keaton, Zach Galifianakis, Edward Norton, New Regency Productions, M Productions, Grisbi Productions, Le, retrieved September 13, 2024
↑ Lacheau, Philippe (February 2, 2022), Super-héros malgré lui (Action, Comedy), Philippe Lacheau, Julien Arruti, Tarek Boudali, Cinéfrance Studios, Baf Prod, StudioCanal, retrieved September 13, 2024
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