Tiratricol

This article is about the medication. For the electronic component, see TRIAC. For the car, see Triac (car).

Tiratricol

Clinical data
Other names	3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid TRIAC
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Drug class	Thyroid hormone
ATC code	H03AA04 ( WHO ) D11AX08 ( WHO )
Legal status
Legal status	EU:Rx-only [1] [2]
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Liver glucuronidation
Excretion	Bile duct
Identifiers
IUPAC name [4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]acetic acid
CAS Number	51-24-1  N
PubChem CID	5803
IUPHAR/BPS	2637
DrugBank	DB03604  Y
ChemSpider	5598  Y
UNII	29OQ9EU4R1
KEGG	D07214  Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:40021
ChEMBL	ChEMBL41632  Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2045232
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.079
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C14H9I3O4
Molar mass	621.935 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES Ic2cc(Oc1c(I)cc(cc1I)CC(=O)O)ccc2O
InChI InChI=1S/C14H9I3O4/c15-9-6-8(1-2-12(9)18)21-14-10(16)3-7(4-11(14)17)5-13(19)20/h1-4,6,18H,5H2,(H,19,20) Y Key:UOWZUVNAGUAEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
NY  (what is this?)    (verify)

Tiratricol (also known as TRIAC or triiodothyroacetic acid) is a thyroid hormone analogue. Triiodothyroacetic acid is also a physiologic thyroid hormone that is present in the normal organism in low concentrations. Tiratricol is an analogue of a naturally circulating metabolite of the active thyroid hormone T3. ^[1] MCT8 is a specific thyroid hormone transporter. ^[1] While T3 and T4 thyroid hormones rely on MCT8 to enter several tissues such as the brain, tiratricol can enter cells independently of MCT8. ^[1] Once inside cells, tiratricol activates the thyroid hormone receptor in a similar way to endogenous T3. ^[1]

The most common side effects are excessive sweating, irritability, anxiety and nightmares. ^[1]

Medical uses

Tiratricol is indicated in the management of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. ^[3]

Society and culture

Legal status

Tiratricol is not approved for sale in Canada or the United States. It was once an approved medication in Brazil, but its marketing authorization was suspended in 2003, effectively prohibiting its sale. ^[4] Tiratricol is available in France for therapy of thyroid hormone resistance and adjuvant therapy of thyroid cancer. ^[5]

In December 2024, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Emcitate, intended for the treatment of MCT8 deficiency (Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome). ^{[1] [6]} The applicant for this medicinal product is Rare Thyroid Therapeutics International AB. ^[1] Emcitate is a hybrid medicine of Téatrois, which has been authorized in France. ^[1] Emcitate contains the same active substance as Téatrois but has a different indication. ^[1] Tiratricol was authorized for medical use in the European Union in February 2025. ^{[1] [2]}

Research

Tiratricol has been investigated for use in reducing goiter. ^[7]

It has also shown some effectiveness in reducing the atrophy caused when using corticosteroids. ^[8]

Tiratricol has also been widely marketed, under various trade names, as a weight loss aid. In 1999 and 2000, the United States Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada both issued warnings to the public regarding the use of dietary supplements containing tiratricol. ^{[9] [10]}

References

1. "Emcitate EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 12 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
2. "Emcitate PI". Union Register of medicinal products. 17 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
3. Carvalho GA, Ramos HE (2004). "[Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome]" (PDF). Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol (in Portuguese). 48 (1): 83–92. doi: 10.1590/S0004-27302004000100010 . PMID   15611821.
4. "Anvisa suspende Tiratricol" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
5. Laboratoires DB PHARMA: Teatrois Archived 2015-01-19 at archive.today information
6. "First treatment for peripheral thyrotoxicosis in patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome". European Medicines Agency (EMA) (Press release). 13 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
7. Brenta G, Schnitman M, Fretes O, et al. (November 2003). "Comparative efficacy and side effects of the treatment of euthyroid goiter with levo-thyroxine or triiodothyroacetic acid". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (11): 5287–92. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-030095 . PMID   14602763.
8. Yazdanparast P, Carlsson B, Oikarinen A, Risteli J, Lavin T, Faergemann J (November 2006). "Action of topical thyroid hormone analogue, triiodothyroacetic acid in reversing glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy in humans". Thyroid. 16 (11): 1157–62. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.16.1157. PMID   17123343.
9. "FDA Warns Against Consuming Dietary Supplements Containing Tiratricol" (Press release). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 21 November 2000. Archived from the original on 22 January 2001. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
10. "Health Canada issues warning on products containing Tiratricol (TRIAC)" (Press release). Health Canada. 2 December 1999. Retrieved 8 August 2007.