Tirukkural translations into Fijian

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As of 2015, Fijian had at least two translations available of the Tirukkural.

Contents

History of translations

There are at least two translations known of the Kural text in the Fijian language. The first one was by Samuel L. Berwick who translated it in 1964 under the title Na Tirukurala published in Nadi, Fiji. [1] [2] The second one was by Paul Geraghty published under the title Tirukurali Na sere tabu in 2008. [2]

Translations

TranslationChapter 26, Tabu lewenimanumanu
Kural 254 (Couplet 26:4)Kural 258 (Couplet 26:8)
Samuel L. Berwick, 1964Na veivakamatei na tawa loloma
Vakamatei me kanii kua e tokona.		Ke da rai yawa ka savasava
Lewe ni manumanu ’da na tawa sagaa.
Paul Geraghty, 2008Na laba na ivalavalaca; e ivalavalaca tale ga na kania na lewe ni manumanu labati.Koya e cecere nona vakasama ena sega ni kana lewenimanumanu, ni dau rawa ga ena kena kau tani na bula ni manumanu.

Published translations

See also

Related Research Articles

Tirukkural, also known as the Kural, an ancient Indian treatise on the ethics and morality of the commoner, is one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world. Authored by the ancient Tamil poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, it has been translated into at least 42 world languages, with about 57 different renderings in the English language alone.

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As of 2015, Latin is the first foreign language into which the Tirukkuṟaḷ was translated. There are three known translations of the Kural text available in Latin.

Hindi perhaps has the second most translations of the Tirukkural among all the languages in India, next only to Malayalam. As of 2000, there were at least 19 translations of the Kural text available in Hindi. Many of these translations are in verse form.

Kannada has at least eight translations of the Tirukkural available as of 2014. Both prose and verse translations have been made in Kannada.

As of 2015, there are at least four translations of the Tirukkural available in Russian.

As of 2015, there are at least two translations of the Tirukkural available in the Polish language.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tirukkural translations into German</span>

Among the European languages, German has the third highest number of translations of the Tirukkural, after English and French. As of 2015, there were at least eight translations of the Kural text available in German.

Malayalam has seen the most number of Tirukkural translations than that of any other language in India. As of 2007, there are at least 21 translations of the Kural text available in Malayalam. Malayalam also has the distinction of producing the first ever translation of the Kural text among the languages in India and the world at large. The Annual Report of the Cochin Archeological Department for the year 1933–34 reported an unpublished manuscript of a Malayalam translation of the Tirukkural made in 1595.

Telugu is one of the Indian languages that has had the earliest Tirukkural translations in modern times. As of 2000, there were at least 14 translations of the Kural text available in Telugu.

As of 2015, there were at least three Gujarati translations available of the Tirukkural.

As of 2015, there were at least five Sanskrit translations available of the Tirukkural.

As of 2015, there were at least four translations of the Tirukkural available in Bengali.

As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Sinhalese at least twice.

As of 2015, Urdu has at least two translations available of the Tirukkural.

As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Dutch only once.

As of 2015, there is only one translation of the Tirukkural available in Swedish.

As of 2015, Malay has at least four translations available of the Tirukkural.

P. S. Sundaram (1910–1998), born Pazmarneri Subrahmanya Sundaram, was an Indian professor of English, best known for translating the Tirukkural and various Tamil classics into English. He had degrees in English from the University of Madras and the Oxford University. He served as professor of English for about 40 years in different parts of North India.

E. S. Ariel, also referred to as Monsieur Ariel by his contemporaries, was a 19th-century French translator known for his French translation of the ancient Indian philosophical text of the Tirukkural. He translated select couplets of the Tirukkural into French in 1848 and published it in Paris under the title Kural de Thiruvalluvar . Although the first French translation of the Kural text was made by an unknown author in 1767, which Ariel had mentioned in his work, it was Ariel's translation that brought the ancient work to the French world.

References

  1. ↑ Sanjeevi, N. (1973). Bibliography on Tirukkural. In First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers. Chennai: University of Madras. p. 139.
  2. 1 2 Polilan; K. Gunathogai; Lena Kumar; Tagadur Sampath; Mutthamizh; G. Picchai Vallinayagam; D. Anbunidhi; K. V. Neduncheraladhan, eds. (2019). Tiruvalluvar 2050 (in Tamil) (1 ed.). Chennai: Periyar Enthusiasts Group. p. 686.

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