Transport in Rome | |
---|---|
Overview | |
Locale | Rome, Lazio |
Transit type | Rapid transit, commuter rail, light rail, buses, trams, private automobile, taxicab, bicycle, pedestrian |
Operation | |
Operator(s) | ATAC, Cotral, Trenitalia |
Rome has an extensive internal transport system and is one of the most important road, rail and air hubs in Italy.
Rome banned diesel vehicles from its roads for the first time on Tuesday 14 January 2020. The local transport authority said the order would affect around one million vehicles. [1]
Rome has an urban transport network which consists of buses, trams, rapid transit lines, light rail lines and suburban railways.
Roma servizi per la Mobilità is the municipally-owned public transport agency which is in charge of programming bus routes and providing real-time information and services to the user. [2]
Atac (formerly an acronym for Azienda del Trasporto Autoferrotranviario del Comune di Roma, "Company for rail and road transport of the city of Rome") is the municipally-owned public transport company which operates most of the public transport lines in the city. [3]
Roma TPL is a private company which operates a minority of bus lines.
The Rome Metro is the rapid transit system serving the city with three underground lines. The first track opened in 1955, making it the oldest in the country. The total length of the network is 60 km (37 mi) with 73 stations. There are three lines A , B - plus a branch called B1 - and C . Lines A and B intersect at Termini station; line C is completely automated and intersects line A at San Giovanni Station.
The Metro operates on 60 km (37 mi) of route, serving 73 stations. [4] [5] On 12 May 2018, the western terminus was moved to San Giovanni (interchange station for line A). [6] It has a daily ridership of approximately 820 thousand passengers, and an annual traffic of approximately 320 million passengers. [7] Line B was the first metro line inaugurated in the system, and the first official metro in Italy, but the names 'A' and 'B' were only added when the second line opened 25 years after the first. Inaugurated in post-war Italy in 1955 during the reconstruction and on the verge of the Italian economic miracle, it was designed and built for the 1942 universal exhibition ( Esposizione Universale Roma , which is now the current business center of Rome) desired by the fascist regime, which never took place due to the outbreak of the World War II. [8]
All Rome metro lines are heavy rapid transit lines, with 6-car trains, approximately 105 m long. Line A of the Rome metro uses exclusively the CAF MA 300 series, line B essentially uses the CAF MB400 series together with other CAF MA300 series trains and the historic MB 100 Ansaldobreda. Line C is the longest driverless metro in Italy and one of the largest in Europe, using Hitachi Rail Italy's driverless technology. [9]
Line | Termini | Opened | Newest extension | Length | Stations | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
km | mi | ||||||
Battistini | Anagnina | 1980 | 2000 | 18.4 | 11.4 | 27 | |
Laurentina | Rebibbia / Jonio | 1955 | 2015 | 22.9 | 14.2 | 26 | |
Monte Compatri-Pantano | San Giovanni | 2014 | 2018 | 18.7 | 11.6 | 22 |
Rome's overground rail transport comprises the tramway network, suburban and urban lines in and around the city of Rome. Whereas most FS-Regionale lines (Regional State Railways) provide a largely suburban service with more than twenty stations scattered throughout the city.
The Lazio regional railways - FL lines, a commuter rail system with eight lines which link the suburbs of the Rome metropolitan area and the Lazio region. The FL1 line and the Leonardo Express serves Rome's main airport, Rome Fiumicino Airport; while the FL4 and FL6 lines serves the second airport of the city, Ciampino.
Line | Terminals | Year opened | Daily ridership | Length | Stations | Operator |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orte - Fiumicino Aeroporto | 1994 | 65,000 | 118 kilometres (73 mi) | 26 | Trenitalia | |
Roma Tiburtina - Tivoli | 1994 | 22,000 | 40 kilometres (25 mi) | 13 | Trenitalia | |
Roma Tiburtina - Viterbo Porta Fiorentina | 1999 | 60,000 | 88 kilometres (55 mi) | 28 | Trenitalia | |
Roma Termini - Frascati / Albano Laziale / Velletri | 1994 | 55,000 | 24 kilometres (15 mi) / 29 kilometres (18 mi) / 41 kilometres (25 mi) | 20 | Trenitalia | |
Roma Termini - Civitavecchia | 1994 | 40,000 | 77 kilometres (48 mi) | 14 | Trenitalia | |
Roma Termini - Cassino | 1994 | 50,000 | 137 kilometres (85 mi) | 22 | Trenitalia | |
Roma Termini - Minturno - Scauri | 1994 | 40,000 | 137.4 kilometres (85.4 mi) | 13 | Trenitalia | |
Roma Termini - Nettuno | 2004 | 40,000 | 60 kilometres (37 mi) | 12 | Trenitalia |
Line | Terminals | Year opened | Daily ridership | Length | Stations | Operator |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Porta San Paolo-Cristoforo Colombo | 1924 | 90,000 | 28.3 kilometres (17.6 mi) | 14 | Cotral | |
Rome Flaminio-Civita Castellana-Viterbo | 1913 | 102 kilometres (63 mi) | 31 | Cotral | ||
Termini Laziali-Giardinetti | 1916 | 5.4 kilometres (3.4 mi) | 19 | ATAC |
Rome has a comprehensive bus network, including three trolleybus routes. The Metrebus integrated fare system allows holders of tickets and integrated passes to travel on all companies' vehicles, within the validity time of the ticket purchased. [10]
Bus routes in Rome are identified by a symbol and a small letter:
Most bus routes in Rome have three digits. The route numberings, in such cases, depends from the division in Rome in 10 zones (0 to 9). For instance, in case of route 916 it starts from zone 9 (Trionfale-Cornelia stop) and terminates at Rome Termini station on zone 1 (city centre).
The only exceptions to this system are routes 446 (connecting zones 9 and 2) and route 201 (unchanged since 1934). Both of which had been established on a previous numbering system not adjourned.
Other features which can be seen are:
Letters:
In other cases, there are routes whose first digit is 0. It stands for those peripheral routes operating outside the Grande Raccordo Anulare at all times.
Various coach operators can be found in Rome, such as Flixbus, Marino, Busitalia Fast-SIMET and Baltour, operating various connections nationwide and internationally. These mainly depart from the bus stations in Tiburtina (Tibus) and Anagnina (Rome Metro).
Cotral is the main interurban bus operator in the Lazio region, connecting all the municipalities except from the insular Ponza and Ventotene. Cotral's main departure points in Rome are the bus stations at Tiburtina, Anagnina (Rome Metro), and Ponte Mammolo (Rome Metro), connecting the Italian capital to various destinations in the region.
Rome is one of the major hubs of Italian railway network, along with Milan and Bologna. Located in the center of the Italian Peninsula, Rome is the main railway hub in central Italy, connected by high-speed lines with Florence, Bologna, Milan, Naples and Salerno. The other main traffic routes follow - at least in the initial part of the route - the route of the Roman roads: the Tyrrhenian line (Rome-Genoa, along the Via Aurelia); the line northwards initially along the Tiber valley (Rome-Florence-Bologna); the lines towards the Adriatic (Rome-Pescara, along the Via Tiburtina, and Rome-Ancona, along the Via Flaminia); the lines towards the south (Rome-Formia-Naples, along the Via Appia, and Rome-Cassino-Naples, along the Via Casilina). The railway infrastructure in Lazio extends for 1,211 km (752,48 mi) with 163 stations. [12]
The main railway station serving the city, Roma Termini, is the busiest station in Italy and one of the largest in Europe. The second largest station in the city is Roma Tiburtina, which is being redeveloped for high-speed rail service. [13] Other notable stations include Roma Ostiense, Roma Trastevere, Roma Tuscolana, Roma San Pietro, Roma Nomentana and Roma Casilina.
Rome is served by an extensive motorway network. The most important motorway serving the city is the A90, also known as Grande Raccordo Anulare or GRA (Great Ringroad) which run in a circle around the city. The GRA is connected to the Roman branch of the A1 Milan - Naples and other three motorways which arrive further inside the city: the A12 Genoa - Roma, the A24 Teramo - Roma and the A91 Roma - Fiumicino Aeroporto. All maintened by Anas, the Italian road infrastructure manager.
Traffic congestion in Rome is notorious. [14] This issue is caused mainly by the undersized public transport network and the extremely high cars per capita ratio in the city. It is one of the highest ratios in the country. The Metropolitan City of Rome is the second province in Italy by automobiles per capita (0,687) and 5th by vehicles per capita (0,87). [15]
Chronic congestion caused by cars led to the partial banning of motor traffic from the central part of the city during workdays, from 6 am to 6 pm. [16] This area is called Zona a Traffico Limitato (ZTL), motor traffic limited zone. [17]
Heavy traffic due to night-life crowds during weekends led in recent years to the creation of other ZTLs in the Trastevere, San Lorenzo, Testaccio and Monti districts during the night.
Rome is served by three civil airports. The intercontinental Leonardo Da Vinci Airport is Italy's largest airport both for national and international traffic and is one of the busiest in Europe. It is more commonly known as Fiumicino, as it is located within the territory of the nearby comune of Fiumicino, in the south-west of Rome. The older Rome Ciampino Airport is a joint civilian and military airport. These main two airports are owned and managed by Aeroporti di Roma.
The third airport serving the city, the Rome Urbe Airport, is a small, low-traffic airport located about 6 km (3.7 mi) north of the city centre, which handles most helicopter and private flights.
A fourth airport in the eastern part of the city, the Aeroporto di Centocelle (dedicated to Francesco Baracca), is no longer open to civil flights; it hosts the Comando di Squadra Aerea (which coordinates the activities of the Aeronautica Militare) and the Comando Operativo di Vertice Interforze [18] (which coordinates all Italian military activities), although large parts of the airport are being redeveloped as a public park.
Trenitalia's Leonardo Express provides a direct and rapid connection between Termini station (in the heart of Rome) and Rome Fiumicino "Leonardo da Vinci" airport. In a straight line of about half an hour with a run every 15 minutes. The airport is also connected to the FL1 suburban railway line and to the Italian high-speed railway network, [19] and it is connected by the A91 motorway. Fiumicino airport is about 30 km (18,63 mi) from the center of Rome.
Ciampino airport is instead connected by the FL4 and FL6 suburban railways, via Ciampino railway station, by the ATAC bus lines 720 and 520, shuttle bus services, Cotral and Atral. Ciampino airport is about 15 km (9,32 mi) from the center of Rome.
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Rome, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 79 min. 22% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 20 min, while 39% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 6.8 km, while 12% travel for over 12 km in a single direction. [20] [21]
Leonardo da Vinci–Rome Fiumicino Airport is an international airport in Fiumicino, Italy, serving Rome. It is the busiest airport in the country, the 9th busiest airport in Europe and the world's 46th-busiest airport with over 40.5 million passengers served in 2023. It covers an area of 16 square kilometres (6.2 sq mi).
G. B. Pastine–Rome Ciampino Airport is the secondary international airport serving Rome, the capital of Italy, after Leonardo da Vinci–Rome Fiumicino Airport. It is a joint civilian, commercial and military airport situated 6.5 NM south southeast of central Rome, just outside the Greater Ring Road the circular motorway around the city.
The Rome Metro is a rapid transit system that operates in Rome, Italy. It started operation in 1955, making it the oldest in the country.
Roma Termini is the main railway station of Rome, Italy. It is named after the district of the same name, which in turn took its name from ancient Baths of Diocletian, which lies across the street from the main entrance. It is Italy's busiest railway station and the fifth-busiest in Europe, with a traffic volume of approximately 150 million passengers per year, and with 850 trains in transit per day.
Roma Tiburtina is the second largest railway station in Rome, after Roma Termini. Located in the north-eastern part of the city, it was originally constructed during the 1860s as a terminal station. In recent years, the station has been redeveloped to better serve as a hub for the Italian high-speed rail services. The station is connected to Rome's Metro line B at Tiburtina metro station, as well as to local bus services via an adjacent bus depot while private vehicle users are provided with more than 100,000 spaces across multiple on-site car parks.
Anagnina is a station of Line A of the Rome Metro. It is located at the junction between Via Tuscolana and Via Anagnina, close to the depot of Osteria del Curato. The station is at an altitude of 53 metres (174 ft) above sea level.
Roma Ostiense is a railway station in Piazza dei Partigiani serving the Ostiense district of Rome, Italy, a short distance from the Porta San Paolo. It is run by the Rete Ferroviaria Italiana arm of the Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane group and the commuter rail lines FL1, FL3, and FL5 run through the station. It is linked with the Piramide Metro B station and the Roma Porta San Paolo station on the Rome-Lido railway line.
Rome is a tourist destination of archaeological and artistic significance. Among the most significant resources are museums – —aqueducts, fountains, churches, palaces, historical buildings, the monuments and ruins of the Roman Forum, and the Catacombs. Rome is the 2nd most visited city in the EU, after Paris, and receives an average of 7–10 million tourists a year, which sometimes doubles on holy years. The Colosseum and the Vatican Museums are the 39th and 37th (respectively) most visited places in the world, according to a recent study. In 2005 the city registered 19.5 million of global visitors, up of 22.1% from 2001. In 2006, Rome was visited by 6.03 million international tourists, reaching 8th place in the ranking of the world's 150 most visited cities. The city has also been nominated 2007's fourth most desirable city to visit in the world, according to lifestyle magazine Travel + Leisure, after Florence, Buenos Aires and Bangkok. Rome is the city with the most monuments in the world.
The FL lines, formerly Lazio regional railways consist of 8 commuter rail lines operated by Trenitalia, converging on the city of Rome.
Municipio I is an administrative subdivision of the municipality of Rome, encompassing the centre of the city.
Fiumicino Aeroporto railway station, or Fiumicino Airport railway station, is sited within the Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport in Fiumicino, Lazio, central Italy. Opened in 1990, the station is the southwestern terminus of the Rome–Fiumicino railway.
Ciampino railway station serves the town and comune of Ciampino, in the region of Lazio, central Italy. It forms part of the Rome–Cassino–Naples railway, and is also a junction for three other lines, to Velletri, Albano, and Frascati, respectively.
Roma Tuscolana railway station is a major station serving the city and comune of Rome, Italy. It forms part of the Pisa–Livorno–Rome railway and the Rome–Fiumicino railway.
The FL1 is a regional rail route forming part of the Lazio regional railways network, which is operated by Trenitalia, and converges on the city of Rome, Italy.
The FL3 is a commuter rail route. It forms part of the network of the Lazio regional railways, which is operated by Trenitalia, and converges on the city of Rome, Italy.
The FL2 is a regional rail route forming part of the Lazio regional railways network, which is operated by Trenitalia, and converges on the city of Rome, Italy.
The FL4 is a regional rail route. It forms part of the network of the Lazio regional railways, which is operated by Trenitalia, and converges on the city of Rome, Italy.
ATAC S.p.A. is an Italian publicly owned company running most of the local public transportation services, paid parking and incentive parking lots in Rome. More specifically, the company handles, on behalf of Roma Capitale Authority, the entire tramway, trolleybus network and metro lines, as well as most of the bus lines in the city. It also operates, on behalf of the Administrative Region of Lazio, three railways: Roma-Civita Castellana-Viterbo, Roma-Giardinetti and Roma-Lido. ATAC S.p.A., with its 2,200-kilometer-wide public transport network, its over 8,500 busses and 70,000 parking stalls, is currently one of the biggest public transportation companies in Europe and the largest in Italy.
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Lazio region of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Rome and 120 other comuni in the hinterland of the city. With more than 4.3 million inhabitants, it is the largest metropolitan city in Italy.
The Rome–Fiumicino railway is an urban railway line in Rome.
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