Iveco S.p.A., an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation,[1] is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company with headquarters in Turin, Italy. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles. The name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger of Italian, French, and German brands.[2] Its production plants are in Europe, China, Russia, Australia and Latin America and it has about 5,000 sales and service outlets in over 160 countries. The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial vehicles with a turnover of about €10 billion.[3]
The company was spun off from CNH Industrial on 1 January 2022. It is a subsidiary of Iveco Group N.V., a holding company incorporated in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and is listed on Borsa Italiana.
Following the merger, the newly founded Iveco began rationalizing its product range, manufacturing plants, and sales network, while keeping the original brands. From 1975 to 1979, the Iveco range included 200 basic models and 600 versions spanning from 2.7 tons of GVW for light vehicles to over 40 tons for heavy vehicles, as well as buses and engines.[5][6] In 1977, the light- to medium-weight Iveco Zeta range was introduced, replacing the 20-year-old OM Lupetto. Integrating the Fiat-OM range with the Unic and Magirus lineups was completed by 1980.[7] IVECO moved in to work on increasing productivity and engine development.[7] In 1978, IVECO launched the first product in the range of IVECO-branded light vehicles, the Daily.[8]
In 1980, Iveco built a turbo diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.[9]
In 1984, Iveco launched the TurboStar,[10] a heavy on-road vehicle that became a best-seller in Italy and also successful in the European market, selling a total of 50,000 units in seven years.[11]
From 1986, Iveco S.p.A. held a 52% stake in Iveco Ford Truck Ltd, a joint venture (and effectively a merger) with Ford of Europe's truck division. Ford plants took over production and sales of the major vehicles in the Iveco range and continued production of the Ford Cargo.[13] In the mid-1980s, Astra Veicoli Industriali, which produces dumpers and construction site/quarry vehicles in Piacenza, became part of Iveco Group.[14]
In 1989, the first Diesel engine with EGR to reduce polluting emissions compatible with commercial vehicles was produced, and the new Daily launched that same year was fitted with it.[13]
In 1990, the group purchased 60% control of Spanish industrial company ENASA, which owned the industrial vehicle builder Pegaso.[13] In the 1990s, the EuroCargo, EuroTech, EuroTrakker, and EuroStar vehicles represented a total facelift for the range.[13] The EuroCargo and the EuroTech were named "Truck of the Year" in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and for the first time, this recognition was awarded to the same manufacturer for two years in a row.[15] English company Seddon Atkinson was purchased in 1991 and brought its long heritage of special vehicles for the construction and refuse-collection industries.[16] That same year, the first TurboDaily assembly line was inaugurated at the Nanjing Motor Corporation in China.[17] In 1991, IVECO announced that they were withdrawing from the North American market at the end of the calendar year; they had been selling the midrange Iveco Z/Euro there since 1978.[18]
In 1992, Iveco took over the primary constructor of industrial vehicles in Australia to form Ital, originally called International Trucks Australia.[19] In 2000 it was renamed Iveco Trucks Australia Limited.[16] In 1996 firefighting activities in Germany were structured under the company Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH.[20] The following year, these activities were boosted by the arrival of an Austrian company, Löhr, which then became Löhr Magirus.[16]
In 1998, the Cursor 8 was launched, followed the next year by the Cursor 10, the first diesel engine with a variable-geometry turbine and the first common-rail diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.[20] The 125th anniversary of the presentation of the first Magirus ladder[21] was celebrated together with the delivery of the 5000th Magirus aerial ladder produced since the Second World War.[20]
In 2003, Iveco entirely bought out Irisbus, originally part of a joint venture with Renault.[22] In 2004, the Iveco Motors brand was introduced, which became an umbrella for the production of engines; the following year, it was incorporated into the newly founded Fiat Powertrain Technologies. At the end of 2004, an agreement was reached between Iveco and the Chinese company SAIC Motor to form SAIC Iveco Hongyan.[23]
On 1 January 2011, Fiat Industrial was formed, incorporating CNH, Iveco, and FPT Industrial.[24] In September of the same year, the Fiat Industrial Village was inaugurated in Turin, a multipurpose centre belonging to Fiat Industrial and created for the sales, assistance, and product presentation for the Iveco, New Holland, and FPT Industrial brands.[25]
On 11 November 2021, Iveco published the prospectus in order to split from CNH Industrial which will be operated as a publicly separated company named Iveco Group N.V.[26] After the completion of the demerger, on 1 January 2022 Iveco became a part of Iveco Group N.V., the parent company of the trucks and speciality vehicles, powertrain and related financial services businesses previously held by CNH Industrial.
Iveco has 27 production plants and 6 research centres located in 16 countries. Outside of Europe, the company operates in China, Russia, Australia (factory ceased production in June 2022), South Africa[28] and Latin America. All the plants have obtained ISO 9001-vision 2000 (quality management by process) and ISO 14000 (environmental management) certification.
Joint-ventures
Naveco (Nanjing, China), production trucks by Naveco brand
Iveco engines from the Cursor and Tector ranges observe the Euro VI standards[29][unreliable source?] by adopting High Efficiency SCR (HI-eSCR) technology.[30][unreliable source?] This technology optimises the processes of exhaust combustion and after-treatment, reducing consumption and enabling achievement of greater efficiency in the conversion of NOx emissions.[31][unreliable source?]
Electric drive
Iveco developed and built the first Daily with electric propulsion in 1986;[32] Later, the range was broadened to include trucks and city buses.[33] Iveco introduced the New Daily with electric propulsion and zero exhaust emissions, in which a battery system powers an electric three-phase asynchronous motor – through the aid of an inverter – in charge of moving the vehicle directly while recovering energy during braking.[34][unreliable source?] The vehicle runs on two to four batteries made with Na/NiCl2 (sodium-nickel chlorine) technology at a nominal 278Volts.[34] The maximum velocity is electronically limited to 70km/h, while the vehicle's range is from 90 to 130km on a fully charged battery, depending on the number of batteries and the mission.[34]
Diesel-electric parallel hybrid traction
The parallel hybrid solution incorporates both a diesel engine and an electric motor that can be used individually or simultaneously, which makes for greater operating flexibility and allows the vehicle to work under both urban and non-urban conditions.[35] In 2010 Iveco introduced this technology on the Eurocargo Ibrido, a commercial vehicle for the European market with electri-diesel parallel propulsion for distributing and collecting goods in city centres. The payload capacity decreases by 200kg in comparison to diesel-engine models, but it is possible to save up to 30% on the urban cycle.[36][unreliable source?][37] The Eurocargo hybrid range is made up of two versions:
The 7.5-ton version uses a Tector Diesel FPT Industrial engine with 16 valves and 4 Euro V cylinders, with a maximum power of 160hp (118kW); this is paired with a drive system made of an electric motor-generator with 60hp (44kW), a 6-speed automated gearbox and a lithium-ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8kWh.[37]
The 12-ton version uses the FPT Industrial Tector engine with 16 valves and 4 EEV cylinders with a maximum power of 180hp (132kW), paired with an electric motor-generator with 60hp (44kW), a 6-speed automated gearbox and a lithium-ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8kWh.[37]
Diesel-electric hybrid
Iveco has been active in this sector since 1990 with 6, 7, 4 and 12 metre buses for urban and suburban transportation. The series hybrid technology features a diesel engine – smaller than that of a traditional vehicle – that acts as a battery charger.[38]
CNG – compressed natural gas
Iveco's range of light, medium and heavy vehicles and buses can run on methane. Methane makes it possible to save on consumption by 38% per kg transported as compared to that consumed by diesel engines for the same payload and distance travelled. In addition, compared to EuroVI diesel engines, methane engines reduce NOx emissions by approximately 60% and particulate emissions by approximately 70%.[39]
Liquefied natural gas
In April 2012 Iveco presented its first vehicle with this technology, the Stralis LNG. As opposed to vehicles with compressed natural gas (CNG) technology, liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology takes the vehicle farther on a full tank (up to 750km) and reduces the vehicle's tare thus increasing the load. The main difference between the two technologies lies in the type of natural gas storage employed, which in this case is kept in a liquid state at −161°C in cryogenic tanks; it is then heated in a heat exchanger so that once it reaches the engine it is a gas.[40] Also, the noise emitted decreases by 3 to 6 decibels over an analogous diesel engine vehicle.[41]
Iveco Trakker Bifuel – diesel-ethanol prototype
Iveco created the first prototype of a bifuel, diesel and ethanol-run vehicle. The technology was developed by Iveco together with FPT Industrial and Bosch.[42][unreliable source?] The prototype uses a Trakker truck with Common Rail Cursor9 engine with 360HP[42] that may be powered by a 40–60% ethanol-diesel blend.[43] The prototype was tested by Raízen, a joint venture between the cane sugar producer Cosan and Shell.[43] In 2011, this prototype earned Iveco the "Prêmio Top Etanol" – for the alternative fuel technology.[42]
Heating and air-conditioning systems
A prototype of a heat pump system for electric and hybrid vehicles was installed on the Iveco Daily vehicle. The system cools or heats the passenger compartment by transferring low-temperature heat generated by the drive systems. At the same time, the control strategies minimise the energy demand in order to achieve a low impact on consumption.[44]
Iveco vehicles
The brand's range of products include the Daily, a vehicle that covers the 3.3 – 7.2 ton vehicle weight segment, the Eurocargo from 6 – 19 tons and, in the heavy segment above 16 tons, the Iveco Way range with the on-road Iveco S-Way, the off-road Iveco T-Way and the Iveco X-Way for light off-road missions.
In 2023, Iveco announced their new Driveway Bodybuilder Programme, allowing customers to have a choice of stock tippers and tipper grabs available on X-Way chassis.[45]
In 2006, Iveco sponsored the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Turin with a fleet of 1,200 Irisbus buses.[50] The year after, Iveco became sponsor of the All Blacks, New Zealand's rugby team.[51] In 2009, Iveco became the truck and commercial vehicle supplier for the Moto GP,[52] together with the historical sponsorship to the Scuderia Ferrari.[53]
Iveco won the 2012 Dakar Rally with the Petronas De Rooy team and Dutch driver Gerard De Rooy, behind the wheel of an Iveco Powerstar. De Rooy was followed by drivers Stacey and Biasion behind the wheel of two Iveco Trakker Evolution 2 vehicles, equipped with an FPT Industrial C13 engine with over 900hp.[54] De Rooy won the 2016 Dakar Rally for Iveco, whereas Janus van Kasteren won the 2023 Dakar Rally.
Pegaso was a Spanish manufacturer of trucks, buses, tractors, armored vehicles, and, for a while, to train apprentices, and have a good brand image, some sports cars. The parent company, Enasa, was created in 1946 and based in the old Hispano-Suiza factory, under the direction of the renowned automotive engineer Wifredo Ricart. In 1990, Iveco took over Enasa, and the Pegaso name became a secondary brand of Iveco.
Magirus GmbH is a truck manufacturer based in Ulm, Germany, founded by Conrad Dietrich Magirus (1824–1895). It was formerly known as Klöckner Humboldt Deutz AG, maker of the Deutz engines, so the brand commonly used was Magirus Deutz, and for a short time Klöckner. Most trucks from Magirus were also known as Magirus-Deutz. The logo of Magirus Deutz was a stylised M with a sharp, long centre point to represent the spire of Ulm Minster.
Ashok Leyland Limited is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturer, with its headquarters in Chennai. It is now owned by the Hinduja Group. It was founded in 1948 as Ashok Motors, which became Ashok Leyland in the year 1955 after collaboration with British Leyland. Ashok Leyland is the second largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles in India, the third largest manufacturer of buses in the world, and the tenth largest manufacturer of trucks.
Iveco Bus is a bus manufacturer with headquarters in Turin. Iveco Bus is now only a brand division of IVECO which is a company incorporated under Dutch law and listed on Borsa Italiana.
The 8140 was a diesel engine made by Sofim for cars. Originally introduced as a swirl chamber, naturally aspirated diesel it was mostly used in commercial vehicles worldwide.
ENASA was a Spanish motor vehicle manufacturing company that was incorporated in 1946 after having bought the automotive assets of the Spanish Hispano-Suiza and the Italian Fiat in Spain. It produced trucks, buses and military armored vehicles under the Pegaso and, for a short while, Sava brands. ENASA belonged to INI, a Spanish state-owned industrial holding company.
The Iveco Daily is a large light commercial van produced by the Italian automaker Iveco since 1978; it was also sold as the Fiat Daily by Fiat until 1983. Unlike the more car-like unibody Fiat Ducato, the Daily uses a separate ladder frame typical of heavier commercial vehicles. The Iveco Daily is produced at the Iveco Suzzara plant, near Mantova in Italy, where Iveco has recently made substantial investments to renew the production lines.
The Iveco Stralis is a heavy-duty truck produced by the Italian manufacturer Iveco between 2002-2019. The Stralis replaced the EuroStar and EuroTech models; it covers the range above the Eurocargo, between 19 and 44 tonnes. The fire version of the Stralis released with the German based Iveco Magirus.
The Urals Automotive Plant, an Open Stock Company, is a major Russian manufacturer of off-road trucks under the Ural brand. Located in the city of Miass, Chelyabinsk Oblast in the Ural Mountains. The plant was established in 1941; when the ZiS truck plant was evacuated from Moscow during World War II.
Astra Veicoli Industriali S.p.A. is an Italian company that produces trucks, heavy transport vehicles and military vehicles. Astra was privately founded in 1946 in Cagliari, and since 1986 has been part of Iveco. In 1951 Astra moved to Piacenza. From 1946 to 1986 Astra was owned by the Bertuzzi family of Piacenza. ASTRA is an Iveco Group brand.
The SIVI SpA was an Italian truck modification company founded in 1982. Partnered with Iveco from the start, SIVI builds vehicles using Iveco trucks as a basis, SIVI was absorbed by Astra SpA in January 2002. By October 2004, the SIVI has been integrated completely into the production site of abstraction in Piacenza.
FPTIndustrial is an Italian multinational designer and manufacturer of transmissions, axles, diesel and petrol engines that was established in March 2005 as a Fiat Group division which included all the activities related to powertrains and transmissions. The company was formed following the dissolution of the alliance between Fiat and General Motors.
The Iveco Trakker was launched in 2004 as a replacement for the EuroTrakker as an off and on road heavy-duty product. The new model had exterior and interior improvements from the discontinued model, which also had the same Cursor engine with power figures ranging from 310 to 480 hp.
The IVECO Bus Crossway is an urban and intercity bus produced by IVECO Bus since 2006.
The Commercial Vehicle Show takes place every year in April at the NEC Birmingham since 2000.
The Iveco Zeta is a light to medium-duty truck model produced by the Italian manufacturer Iveco. Appearing in 1976 and entering production in 1977, its cab was developed with the aid of Fiat's wind tunnel in Orbassano. The Zeta series continued the lineage begun with the 1959 introduction of the OM Lupetto. The Lupetto, as well as the Leoncino, the Daino, and the Tigrotto, were all replaced by the OM X-series in 1972, which then formed the basis for the Zeta range. The Zeta itself was replaced by the all-new Iveco Eurocargo in 1991.
The Iveco T-series is a medium to heavy-duty truck model produced by the Italian manufacturer Iveco, although it used the squared-off H-series cab originally introduced by Fiat in 1970. The truck was badged as an Iveco Fiat from 1975 and by 1980 the "Fiat" portion had been dropped entirely. A lighter duty range called the M-series was added in mid-1984, replacing the long defunct Fiat 130NC.
The Iveco EuroCargo is a range of medium-duty trucks produced by the Italian manufacturer Iveco since 1991. The EuroCargo occupies a place between the light Daily and the heavy Stralis in Iveco's lineup. The EuroCargo replaced the Zeta model produced in the 1970s.
AS Labruna is an Italian marine engine manufacturer and dealer of engines for road transport and aircraft based in Monopoli (Apulia).
The Iveco EuroTrakker is a truck produced by Iveco for use in construction and off-road. Externally, it resembles the EuroTech, with which it shares the cab and many other features. However, it has a stronger frame, greater ground clearance, different axles and optional all-wheel drive.
↑ Bonfiglioli Consulting: Il Lean Thinking dalla produzione alla progettazione. Pensare snello in ufficio tecnico per innovare la progettazione e diventare più competitivi. 5 casi italiani di successo, 2010: Milano – p. 103
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€12,600,000,000 (2021)
