Warner Springs, California

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Warner Springs
Warner Springs, CA. St Francis Chapel c!830 Adobe Bricks edited-2.jpg
St Francis Mission Chapel
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Warner Springs
Location within the state of California
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Warner Springs
Warner Springs (the United States)
Coordinates: 33°16′56″N116°38′01″W / 33.28222°N 116.63361°W / 33.28222; -116.63361 [1]
Country Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
State Flag of California.svg  California
County Flag of San Diego County, California.png San Diego
Elevation
[1]
954 m (3,130 ft)
Time zone UTC-8 (Pacific (PST))
  Summer (DST) UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP code
92086
Area code(s) 442/760
FIPS code 06-83486
GNIS feature ID 251194

Warner Springs is set of springs and a small unincorporated community in northern San Diego County, California. [2] Warner Springs is on the Pacific Crest Trail. [3]

Contents

Geography

Warner Springs has a post office and the ZIP code is 92086. It is located near the Palomar Observatory and Warner Springs Ranch. It is located on State Route 79, which connects to the city of Temecula to the north and the communities of Santa Ysabel and Julian to the south.

Climate

Climate data for Warner Springs (1991–2020 normals)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)87
(31)
87
(31)
90
(32)
92
(33)
102
(39)
107
(42)
110
(43)
109
(43)
106
(41)
100
(38)
93
(34)
85
(29)
110
(43)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)61.5
(16.4)
62.8
(17.1)
64.4
(18.0)
69.8
(21.0)
76.7
(24.8)
85.2
(29.6)
93.9
(34.4)
93.5
(34.2)
87.6
(30.9)
78.6
(25.9)
69.4
(20.8)
61.8
(16.6)
75.4
(24.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)31.2
(−0.4)
32.3
(0.2)
34.3
(1.3)
37.8
(3.2)
41.8
(5.4)
47.0
(8.3)
55.6
(13.1)
55.4
(13.0)
49.3
(9.6)
42.2
(5.7)
35.8
(2.1)
32.3
(0.2)
41.3
(5.1)
Record low °F (°C)11
(−12)
14
(−10)
17
(−8)
19
(−7)
25
(−4)
34
(1)
31
(−1)
28
(−2)
22
(−6)
12
(−11)
9
(−13)
9
(−13)
9
(−13)
Average precipitation inches (mm)3.09
(78)
3.66
(93)
2.92
(74)
1.20
(30)
0.52
(13)
0.08
(2.0)
0.29
(7.4)
0.92
(23)
0.45
(11)
0.76
(19)
1.21
(31)
2.44
(62)
17.54
(443.4)
Average snowfall inches (cm)2.3
(5.8)
0.9
(2.3)
1.0
(2.5)
0.4
(1.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.25)
0.5
(1.3)
5.2
(13.15)
Source: WRCc [4]

Warner Springs is also a popular area for gliding, due to the topography of the Peninsular Ranges in the area.

History

The Cupeño people were long time indigenous inhabitants of the Warner Springs area. The Cupeño/Cahuilla Agua Caliente rancheria village was located at the hot springs (Spanish: agua caliente) located here.

The hot springs were discovered by Spanish explorers of upper Las Californias province in 1795.

19th century

The Santa Ysabel Asistencia (satellite mission) was founded about 8 miles (13 km) to the south of the Agua Caliente springs in 1818 by Spanish missionaries originating from Mission San Diego de Alcalá.

The St. Francis of Assisi chapel was erected near the settlement around 1830. Its walls use adobe mud bricks, white-washed over and a roof incorporating locally made red tiles. A stone bell tower is placed next to the southern wall of the church.

Warner's Ranch

Juan Jose Warner received the 26,689-acre (108.01 km2) Rancho San Jose del Valle Mexican land grant in 1844, and renamed the area Warner Springs. [5] Also in 1844, the asistencia's lands on the south became part of the Rancho Santa Ysabel Mexican land grant. In 1851, the Cupeño/Cahuilla "Garra Revolt" raid on Warner's Ranch occurred, a part of the Yuma War against immigrant intrusions.

The Warner's Ranch adobe complex of Juan Jose Warner was a way station for large numbers of emigrants on the Southern Emigrant Trail from 1849 to 1861, as it was a stop on the Southern Emigrant–Gila River Trail. [6] He opened the only trading post that served travelers on the trail between New Mexico Territory and the Pueblo de Los Angeles in Alta California. [7] It later became a stop on the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line in 1857, and the Oak Grove Butterfield Stage Station stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach line (1857–1861). [6]

At the start of the Civil War in 1861, stagecoach service was discontinued and the Union Army established Camp Wright, a cavalry outpost at the ranch to protect the route from Southern California to Fort Yuma, and to intercept secessionist sympathizers attempting to the join the Confederate armies in the American South and in the Arizona Territory. [6]

Former California Governor John Downey purchased the Warner Springs Ranch in 1880, to graze cattle and sheep herds. In 1892, after years of disputes with the Cupeños living at the ranch, Downey sued to evict the Indians. In 1894, after Downey's death, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the Cupeños. The eviction order came in 1901 and their exodus two years later became known as the Cupeño Trail of Tears. [6]

"Indians washing in hot springs, Agua Caliente, ca.1900" Indians washing in hot springs, Agua Caliente, ca.1900 (CHS-739).jpg
"Indians washing in hot springs, Agua Caliente, ca.1900"

20th century

According to a U.S. government geologist reported that since the Indians had been removed to Pala Reservation "a resort has been built up at the springs. In 1908 there were about 20 adobe cottages and an equal number of tents, the former Indian school building being used as a dining hall. The water was conducted to a wooden tank, where it was allowed to cool somewhat, and was thence piped to a bathhouse." [8] William Henshaw purchased the Warner Springs Ranch in 1911, and had Henshaw Dam completed by latter 1922 and its reservoir filled by 1924. In 1978, the reservoir level was lowered 40% due to danger from the Elsinore Fault Zone running beneath the dam. [6] Also in 1978, a visiting author described it as "a pleasant, quiet, leisurely-paced village." [9]

Several Warner Spring sites and buildings were designated California Historical Landmarks (CHL), and/or National Historic Landmarks (NHL), and/or listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in the 20th century.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cahuilla</span> Native American people, living in the inland areas of southern California

The Cahuilla, also known as ʔívil̃uqaletem or Ivilyuqaletem, are a Native American people of the various tribes of the Cahuilla Nation, living in the inland areas of southern California. Their original territory encompassed about 2,400 square miles (6,200 km2). The traditional Cahuilla territory was near the geographic center of Southern California. It was bounded to the north by the San Bernardino Mountains, to the south by Borrego Springs and the Chocolate Mountains, to the east by the Colorado Desert, and to the west by the San Jacinto Plain and the eastern slopes of the Palomar Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Ysabel Asistencia</span> "Sub-mission" to Mission San Diego de Alcalá in California

The Santa Ysabel Asistencia was founded on September 20, 1818, at Cañada de Santa Ysabel in the mountains east of San Diego, as a asistencia or "sub-mission" to Mission San Diego de Alcalá, and to serve as a rest stop for those travelling between San Diego and Sonora. The native population of approximately 450 neophytes consisted of both Luiseño and Diegueño peoples. Based on historical records, Santa Ysabel enjoyed a higher-than-average conversion rate when compared to the other California missions. Given its remote location, the facility was visited infrequently by the padres after secularization of the missions in the 1830s.

Agua Caliente, Aguas Calientes or Aguascalientes may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cupeño</span> Native American people from Southern California

The Cupeño are a Native American tribe of Southern California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">José María Estudillo</span>

José María Estudillo was a Spanish-born Californio military officer and early settler of San Diego. He is the founder of the Estudillo family of California and served as Commandant of the Presidio of San Diego.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mission Indians</span> Indigenous peoples who were forcibly relocated to missions in Southern California

Mission Indians are the indigenous peoples of California who lived in Southern California and were forcibly relocated from their traditional dwellings, villages, and homelands to live and work at 15 Franciscan missions in Southern California and the Asistencias and Estancias established between 1796 and 1823 in the Las Californias Province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

Rancho Santa Maria de Los Peñasquitos was a 8,486-acre (34.34 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day southwestern San Diego County, California given in 1823 to Francisco María Ruiz. The name means "Saint Mary of the Little Cliffs". It encompassed the present-day communities of Mira Mesa, Carmel Valley, and Rancho Peñasquitos in northern San Diego city, and was inland from the Torrey Pines State Natural Preserve bluffs.

Warner's Ranch, near Warner Springs, California, was notable as a way station for large numbers of emigrants on the Southern Emigrant Trail from 1849 to 1861, as it was a stop on both the Gila River Trail and the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach line (1859-1861). It was also operated as a pioneering cattle ranch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oak Grove Butterfield Stage Station</span> Overland Mail stagecoach stop in California

Oak Grove Butterfield Stage Station is located in the western foothills of the Laguna Mountains, in northern San Diego County, California. It is located on State Route 79, 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Warner Springs and Warner's Ranch. The station was built on the site of Camp Wright, an 1860s Civil War outpost.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan José Warner</span>

Juan José Warner (1807–1890), a naturalized American-Mexican citizen, developed Warner's Ranch in Warner Springs, California. From 1849 to 1861, the ranch was important as a stop for emigrant travelers on the Southern Emigrant Trail, including the Gila River Emigrant Trail and the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach line. Warner established the only trading post between New Mexico and Los Angeles. Warner's Ranch was designated a National Historic Landmark.

Rancho Little Temecula was a 2,233-acre (9.04 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Riverside County, California given in 1845 by Governor Pío Pico to Pablo Apis. The grant was one of the few held by indigenous people. The grant is south of present-day Temecula and is bordered on the north by Temecula Creek. At the time of the US patent, Rancho Little Temecula was a part of San Diego County. Riverside County was created by the California Legislature in 1893 by taking land from both San Bernardino and San Diego Counties.

Rancho Temecula was a 26,609-acre (107.68 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Riverside County, California given on December 14, 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Feliz Valdez. The grant extended south along the east bank Murrieta Creek to Temecula Creek and encompassed present-day Temecula, Murrieta and Murrieta Hot Springs. At the time of the US patent, Rancho Temecula was a part of San Diego County. Riverside County was created by the California Legislature in 1893 by taking land from both San Bernardino and San Diego Counties.

Rancho San José del Valle was a 26,689-acre (108.01 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Diego County, California given in 1840 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to José Antonio Pico, and then given in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Juan José Warner. The most northeasterly grant made within present-day San Diego County, it was bounded on the west by Palomar Mountain, and on the south by Buena Vista Creek and Rancho Valle de San Jose, and encompassed present-day Warner Springs. The western part of the grant is under the waters of Lake Henshaw, formed in 1922 by a dam on the San Luis Rey River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yuma War</span> Armed conflict fought primarily between the United States and the Yuma people

The Yuma War was the name given to a series of United States military operations conducted in southern California and what is today southwestern Arizona from 1850 to 1853. The Quechan were the primary opponent of the United States Army, though engagements were fought between the Americans and other native groups in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butterfield Overland Mail in California</span> Historic route by state

The Butterfield Overland Mail in California was created by the United States Congress on March 3, 1857, and operated until June 30, 1861. Subsequently, other stage lines operated along the Butterfield Overland Mail in route in Alta California until the Southern Pacific Railroad arrived in Yuma, Arizona in 1877.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern Emigrant Trail</span> 19th-century immigrant route in the United States

Southern Emigrant Trail, also known as the Gila Trail, the Kearny Trail, Southern Trail and the Butterfield Stage Trail, was a major land route for immigration into California from the eastern United States that followed the Santa Fe Trail to New Mexico during the California Gold Rush. Unlike the more northern routes, pioneer wagons could travel year round, mountain passes not being blocked by snows; however, it had the disadvantage of summer heat and lack of water in the desert regions through which it passed in New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Desert of California. Subsequently, it was a route of travel and commerce between the eastern United States and California. Many herds of cattle and sheep were driven along this route and it was followed by the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line in 1857–1858 and then the Butterfield Overland Mail from 1858 to 1861.

The San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line, also known as the Jackass Mail, was the earliest overland stagecoach and mail operation from the Eastern United States to California in operation between 1857 and 1861. It was created, organized and financed by James E. Birch the head of the California Stage Company. Birch was awarded the first contract for overland service on the "Southern Route", designated Route 8076. This contract required a semi-monthly service in four-horse coaches, scheduled to leave San Antonio and San Diego on the ninth and the 24th of each month, with 30 days allowed for each trip.

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Willow Springs Station was a changing station at Alamos or Willow Springs along the Second Division route of the Butterfield Overland Mail, in what is now Murrieta, in Riverside County, California. It was also known as Alamos, Clines's or Kline's, or Willows, was one of the later Butterfield Overland Mail stations, placed in 1859, between some of the original stations for changing teams and providing water between stops in hot dry areas. Willow Springs, also originally known as Alamos Springs, was located west of the hills that line the east side of the Temecula Valley, on land of the Rancho Temecula, near Santa Gertrudis Creek on the low flood plain of Murrieta Creek, between Santa Gertrudis and Warm Springs Creek.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vallecito, San Diego County, California</span> Former settlement in the United States

Vallecito, in San Diego County, California, is an oasis of cienegas and salt grass along Vallecito Creek and a former Kumeyaay settlement on the edge of the Colorado Desert in the Vallecito Valley. Its Spanish name is translated as "little valley". Vallecito was located at the apex of the gap in the Carrizo Badlands created by Carrizo Creek and its wash in its lower reach, to which Vallecito Creek is a tributary. The springs of Vallecito, like many in the vicinity, are a product of the faults that run along the base of the Peninsular Ranges to the west.

References

  1. 1 2 "Warner Springs". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved November 4, 2014.
  2. Waring 1915, p. 45.
  3. "Pacific Crest Trail Towns - HikerFeed".
  4. "Warner Springs, California 1981-2010 Monthly Normals". Western Research Climate Center. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
  5. Hudson, Tom (1981). "Chapter 23: Beyond the 'City Limits'". A Thousand Years in Temecula Valley. Temecula, CA: Old Town Temecula Museum. pp. 169–70. ISBN   978-0931700064. LCCN   81053017. OCLC   8262626. LCC   F868.R6 H83 1981
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Warner Spring Ranch Resort.com: History – John Warner". Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
  7. Warner Springs History
  8. Waring 1915, pp. 45–46.
  9. Reichert, Arthur (1978). Tour the Country Roads: Discover the Rustic Wonders of California. Fresno, CA: Valley Publishers. p. 87. ISBN   9780913548530.

Reference bibliography

  • Waring, Gerald Ashley (1915). Springs of California. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper. Vol. 338. U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.3133/wsp338.