5-HT2A receptor

Last updated

HTR2A
5ht2a.jpg
Identifiers
Aliases HTR2A , 5-HT2A, HTR2, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
External IDs OMIM: 182135 MGI: 109521 HomoloGene: 68073 GeneCards: HTR2A
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001165947
NM_000621
NM_001378924

NM_172812

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000612
NP_001159419
NP_001365853

NP_766400

Location (UCSC) Chr 13: 46.83 – 46.9 Mb n/a
PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). [4] The 5-HT2A receptor is a cell surface receptor, [5] but has several intracellular locations. [6]

Contents

Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is Gq/G11-protein coupled. This is the main excitatory receptor subtype among the GPCRs for serotonin, although 5-HT2A may also have an inhibitory effect [7] on certain areas such as the visual cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex. [8] This receptor was first noted for its importance as a target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. Later it came back to prominence because it was also found to be mediating, at least partly, the action of many antipsychotic drugs, especially the atypical ones.

Downregulation of post-synaptic 5-HT2A receptor is an adaptive process provoked by chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and atypical antipsychotics. Suicidal and otherwise depressed patients have had more 5-HT2A receptors than normal patients. These findings suggest that post-synaptic 5-HT2A overdensity is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. [9]

Paradoxical down-regulation of 5-HT2A receptors can be observed with several 5-HT2A antagonists. [10] Thus, instead of tolerance, reverse-tolerance would be expected from 5-HT2A antagonists. However, there is at least one antagonist at this site which has been shown to up-regulate 5-HT2A receptors. [10] [11] Additionally, a couple of other antagonists may have no effect on 5-HT2A receptor number. [12] Nevertheless, upregulation is the exception rather than the rule. Neither tolerance nor rebound is observed in humans with regard to the slow-wave sleep (SWS) promoting effects of 5-HT2A antagonists. [13]

Signaling cascade

The 5-HT2A receptor is known primarily to couple to the q signal transduction pathway. Upon receptor stimulation with agonist, Gαq and β-γ subunits dissociate to initiate downstream effector pathways. Gαq stimulates phospholipase C (PLC) activity, which subsequently promotes the release of diacylglycerol  (DAG) and inositol triphosphate  (IP3), which in turn stimulate protein kinase C  (PKC) activity and Ca2+ release. [14]

History

5-HT receptors were split into two classes by John Gaddum and Picarelli when it was discovered that some of the serotonin-induced changes in the gut could be blocked by morphine, while the remainder of the response was inhibited by dibenzyline, leading to the naming of M and D receptors, respectively. 5-HT2A is thought to correspond to what was originally described as D subtype of 5-HT receptors by Gaddum and Picarelli. [15] In the era before molecular cloning, when radioligand binding and displacement was the only major tool, spiperone and LSD were shown to label two different 5-HT receptors, and neither of them displaced morphine, leading to naming of the 5-HT1, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors, corresponding to high affinity sites from LSD, spiperone and morphine, respectively. [16] Later it was shown that the 5-HT2 was very close to 5-HT1C and thus were grouped together, renaming the 5-HT2 into 5-HT2A. Thus, the 5-HT2 receptor family is composed of three separate molecular entities: the 5-HT2A (formerly known as 5-HT2 or D), the 5-HT2B (formerly known as 5-HT2F) and the 5-HT2C (formerly known as 5-HT1C) receptors. [17]

Distribution

5-HT2A is expressed widely throughout the central nervous system (CNS). [18] It is expressed near most of the serotonergic terminal rich areas, including neocortex (mainly prefrontal, parietal, and somatosensory cortex) and the olfactory tubercle. Especially high concentrations of this receptor on the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in layer V of the cortex may modulate cognitive processes, working memory, and attention [19] [20] [21] by enhancing glutamate release followed by a complex range of interactions with the 5-HT1A, [22] GABAA, [23] adenosine A1, [24] AMPA, [25] mGluR2/3, [26] mGlu5, [27] and OX2 receptors. [28] [29] In the rat cerebellum, the protein has also been found in the Golgi cells of the granular layer, [30] and in the Purkinje cells. [31] [32]

In the periphery, it is highly expressed in platelets and many cell types of the cardiovascular system, in fibroblasts, and in neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Additionally, 5-HT2A mRNA expression has been observed in human monocytes. [33] Whole-body distribution of the 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist, [11C]Cimbi-36 show uptake in several internal organs and brown adipose tissue (BAT), but it is not clear if this represents specific 5-HT2A receptor binding. [34]

Effects

Physiological processes mediated by the receptor include:

Ligands

Agonists

Activation of the 5-HT2A receptor is necessary for the effects of the "classic" psychedelics like LSD, psilocin and mescaline, which act as full or partial agonists at this receptor, and represent the three main classes of 5-HT2A agonists, the ergolines, tryptamines and phenethylamines, respectively. A very large family of derivatives from these three classes has been developed, and their structure-activity relationships have been extensively researched. [48] [49] Agonists acting at 5-HT2A receptors located on the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells within regions of the prefrontal cortex are believed to mediate hallucinogenic activity. Some findings reveal that psychoactive effects of classic psychedelics are mediated by the receptor heterodimer 5-HT2AmGlu2 and not by monomeric 5-HT2A receptors. [50] [51] [35] However, newer research suggests that 5HT2A and mGlu2 receptors do not physically associate with each other, so the former findings have questionable relevance. [52] Agonists enhance dopamine in PFC, [21] enhance memory and play an active role in attention and learning. [53] [54]

Full agonists

  • 25I-NBOH and its 2-methoxy-analog 25I-NBOMe [55]
  • 18F FECIMBI-36   radiolabelled agonist ligand for mapping 5-HT2A / 5-HT2C receptor distribution [56]
  • TCB-2 [57]
  • Mexamine   full agonist to several serotonin receptors.
  • O-4310   5-HT2A selective, claimed to have 100× selectivity over 5-HT2C and be inactive at 5-HT2B
  • PHA-57378   dual 5-HT2A / 5-HT2C agonist, anxiolytic effects in animal studies. [58]
  • 25B-NBOMe   also known as Cimbi-36; used as a PET imaging tool for visualizing the 5-HT2A receptor [59]

Partial agonists

  • 25C-NBOMe
  • 25CN-NBOH   100× selectivity for 5-HT2A over 5-HT2C, 46× selectivity over 5-HT2B. [60]
  • AAZ-A-154   non-hallucinogenic but retains antidepressant effects in animals. [61]
  • Bromo-DragonFLY [62]
  • (R)-DOI   traditionally the most common 5-HT2A reference agonist used in research [63]
  • Efavirenz   an antiretroviral drug, produces psychiatric side effects thought to be mediated by 5-HT2A. [64]
  • DMBMPP   a structurally constrained derivative of 25B-NBOMe, which acts as a potent partial agonist with 124× selectivity for 5-HT2A over 5-HT2C, making it the most selective agonist ligand identified to date. [65]
  • Lisuride   an antiparkinson dopamine agonist of the ergoline class, that is also a dual 5-HT2A / 5-HT2C agonist [66] and 5-HT2B antagonist. [67]
  • Mefloquine   an antimalarial drug, also produces psychiatric side effects which may be mediated through 5-HT2A and/or 5-HT2C receptors. [68]
  • Methysergide   a congener of methylergonovine, used in treatment of migraine blocks 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, but sometimes acts as partial agonist, in some preparations.
  • Piperidine derivatives such as OSU-6162, which acts as a partial agonist at both 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors, and Z3517967757.
  • Quipazine   5-HT2A agonist but also potent 5-HT3 agonist. [69]
  • SN-22   partial agonist at all three 5-HT2 subtypes
  • 3-carboxy indole PB-22 (1-pentyl-indole-3-carboxylic acid)  a metabolite of the synthetic cannabinoid PB-22, partial agonist at 5-HT2A [70]
  • Some benzazepines and similar compounds related to lorcaserin such as SCHEMBL5334361 are potent 5-HT2A agonists as well as showing action at 5-HT2C. [71] [72] [73] [74] [75]
  • IHCH-7113   5-HT2A agonist derived by simplification of the 5-HT2A antagonist antipsychotic lumateperone. [76]
  • Tetrahydropyridine derivatives such as (R)-69, [77] Z4154032166 and WXVL_BT0793LQ2118. [78]
  • Substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines [79]

Peripherally selective agonists

One effect of 5-HT2A receptor activation is a reduction in intraocular pressure, and so 5-HT2A agonists can be useful for the treatment of glaucoma. This has led to the development of compounds such as AL-34662 that are hoped to reduce pressure inside the eyes but without crossing the blood–brain barrier and producing hallucinogenic side effects. [80] Animal studies with this compound showed it to be free of hallucinogenic effects at doses up to 30 mg/kg, although several of its more lipophilic analogues did produce the head-twitch response known to be characteristic of hallucinogenic effects in rodents. [81]

Antagonists

Antagonists and cardiovascular disease

Increased 5-HT2A expression is observed in patients with coronary thrombosis, and the receptor has been associated with processes that influence atherosclerosis. [93] As the receptor is present in coronary arteries [94] and capable of mediating vasoconstriction, 5-HT2A has also been linked to coronary artery spasms. [95] 5-HT antagonism, therefore, has potential in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, however, no studies have been published so far. [93]

Inverse agonists

Functional selectivity

5-HT2A-receptor ligands may differentially activate the transductional pathways (see above). Studies evaluated the activation of two effectors, PLC and PLA2, by means of their second messengers. Compounds displaying more pronounced functional selectivity are 2,5-DMA and 2C-N. The former induces IP accumulation without activating the PLA2 mediated response, while the latter elicits AA release without activating the PLC mediated response. [104]
2,5-DMA.svg 2C-N.png

Recent research has suggested potential signaling differences within the somatosensory cortex between 5-HT2A agonists that produce headshakes in the mouse and those that do not, such as lisuride, as these agents are also non-hallucinogenic in humans despite being active 5-HT2A agonists. [105] [106] One known example of differences in signal transduction is between the two 5-HT2A agonists serotonin and DOI that involves differential recruitment of intracellular proteins called β-arrestins, more specifically arrestin beta 2. [107] [108] Cyclopropylmethanamine derivatives such as (−)-19 have also been shown to act as 5-HT2A/2C agonists with functional selectivity for Gq-mediated signaling compared with β-arrestin recruitment. [109]

Genetics

Chromosome 13. Chromosome 13.jpeg
Chromosome 13.

The 5-HT2A receptors is coded by the HTR2A gene. In humans the gene is located on chromosome 13. The gene has previously been called just HTR2 until the description of two related genes HTR2B and HTR2C . Several interesting polymorphisms have been identified for HTR2A: A-1438G (rs6311), C102T (rs6313) and His452Tyr (rs6314). Many more polymorphisms exist for the gene. A 2006 paper listed 255. [110] [62]

Probable role in fibromyalgia as the T102C polymorphisms of the gene 5HT2A were common in fibromyalgia patients. [111]

Human HTR2A gene is thought to consist of 3 introns and 4 exons and to overlap with human gene HTR2A-AS1 which consists of 18 exons. [112] There are over 200 organisms that have orthologs with the human HTR2A. Currently, the best documented orthologs for HTR2A gene are the mouse, [113] and zebrafish. [114] There are 8 paralogs for the HTR2A gene. The HTR2A gene is known to interact and activate G-protein genes such as GNA14, GNAI1, GNAI3, GNAQ , and GNAZ. [115] These interactions are critical for cell signaling [116] [117] and homeostasis [118] in many organisms. [119]

In human brain tissue, regulation of HTR2A varies depending on the region: [112] frontal cortex, amygdala, thalamus, brain stem and cerebellum. In a paper from 2016, they found that HTR2A undergoes a variety of different splicing events, including utilization of alternative splice acceptor sites, exon skipping, rare exon usage, and intron retention. [112]

Mechanisms of regulation

There are a few mechanisms of regulation for HTR2A gene such regulated by DNA methylation at particular transcript binding sites. [120] [121] Another mechanism for the correct regulation of gene expression is achieved through alternative splicing. This is a co-transcriptional process, which allows the generation of multiple forms of mRNA transcript from a single coding unit and is emerging as an important control point for gene expression. In this process, exons or introns can be either included or excluded from precursor-mRNA resulting in multiple mature mRNA variants. [122] These mRNA variants result in different isoforms which may have antagonistic functions or differential expression patterns, yielding plasticity and adaptability to the cells. [123] One study found that the common genetic variant rs6311 regulates expression of HTR2A transcripts containing the extended 5' UTR. [112]

Associations with psychiatric disorders

Several studies have seen links between the -1438G/A polymorphism and mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder [124] and major depressive disorder. [125] A weak link with an odds ratio of 1.3 has been found between the T102C polymorphism and schizophrenia. [126] This polymorphism has also been studied in relation to suicide attempts, with a study finding excess of the C/C genotypes among the suicide attempters. [127] A number of other studies were devoted to finding an association of the gene with schizophrenia, with diverging results. [128]

These individual studies may, however, not give a full picture: A review from 2007 looking at the effect of different SNPs reported in separate studies stated that "genetic association studies [of HTR2A gene variants with psychiatric disorders] report conflicting and generally negative results" with no involvement, small or a not replicated role for the genetic variant of the gene. [129]

Polymorphisms in the promoter gene coding Early growth response 3 (EGR3) are associated with schizophrenia. Studies have demonstrated a relationship between EGR3 and HTR2A, and schizophrenia-like behaviors in transgenic animals. [130] [131] Exactly how these results translate over to further biopsychological understanding of schizophrenia is still widely debated. [132] [133] There is some evidence that dysfunction of HTR2A can impact pharmacological interventions. [134]

Several studies have assessed a relationship between 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 2A receptor (5-HTR2A) gene polymorphisms with an increased risk of suicidal behavior. One study revealed that T102C polymorphism is associated with suicidal behavior [135] but other studies failed to replicate these findings and found no association between polymorphism and suicidal behavior. [136]

Treatment response

Genetics seems also to be associated to some extent with the amount of adverse events in treatment of major depression disorder. [137]

Associations with substance abuse

Polymorphisms in the 5-HT2A receptor coding gene HTR2A (rs6313 and s6311) have been shown to have conflicting associations with alcohol misuse. For example, A polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor coding gene HTR2A (rs6313) was reported to predict lower positive alcohol expectancy, higher refusal self-efficacy, and lower alcohol misuse in a sample of 120 young adults. However, this polymorphism did not moderate the linkages between impulsivity, cognition, and alcohol misuse. [138] There are conflicting results as other studies have found associations between T102C polymorphisms alcohol misuse. [139] [140]

Drug impact on gene expression

There is some evidence that methylation patterns may contribute to relapse behaviors in people who use stimulants. [141] In mice, psychotropic drugs such as DOI, LSD, DOM, and DOB which produced differing transcriptional patterns among several different brain regions. [131]

Methods to analyse the receptor

The receptor can be analysed by neuroimaging, radioligand, genetic analysis, measurements of ion flows, and in other ways.

Neuroimaging

The 5-HT2A receptors may be imaged with PET-scanners using the fluorine-18-altanserin, [142] MDL 100,907 [143] or [11C]Cimbi-36 [59] [144] radioligands that binds to the neuroreceptor, e.g., one study reported a reduced binding of altanserin particularly in the hippocampus in patients with major depressive disorder. [145]

Altanserin uptake decreases with age reflecting a loss of specific 5-HT2A receptors with age. [146] [147] [148]

Other

Western blot with an affinity-purified antibody and examination of 5-HT2A receptor protein samples by electrophoresis has been described. Immunohistochemical staining of 5-HT2A receptors is also possible. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5-HT receptor</span> Class of transmembrane proteins

5-HT receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in the central and peripheral nervous systems. They mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The serotonin receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin, which acts as their natural ligand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lisuride</span> Chemical compound

Lisuride, sold under the brand name Dopergin among others, is a monoaminergic medication of the ergoline class which is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, migraine, and high prolactin levels. It is taken by mouth.

<i>meta</i>-Chlorophenylpiperazine Stimulant

meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) is a psychoactive drug of the phenylpiperazine class. It was initially developed in the late-1970s and used in scientific research before being sold as a designer drug in the mid-2000s. It has been detected in pills touted as legal alternatives to illicit stimulants in New Zealand and pills sold as "ecstasy" in Europe and the United States.

5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor Serotonin receptor protein distributed mainly in the choroid plexus

The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Like all 5-HT2 receptors, it is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is coupled to Gq/G11 and mediates excitatory neurotransmission. HTR2C denotes the human gene encoding for the receptor, that in humans is located on the X chromosome. As males have one copy of the gene and females have one of the two copies of the gene repressed, polymorphisms at this receptor can affect the two sexes to differing extent.

5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (5-HT2B) also known as serotonin receptor 2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR2B gene. 5-HT2B is a member of the 5-HT2 receptor family that binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2B receptor is Gq/G11-protein coupled, leading to downstream activation of phospholipase C.

5-HT<sub>5A</sub> receptor Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A, also known as HTR5A, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR5A gene. Agonists and antagonists for 5-HT receptors, as well as serotonin uptake inhibitors, present promnesic (memory-promoting) and/or anti-amnesic effects under different conditions, and 5-HT receptors are also associated with neural changes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BW-723C86</span> Chemical compound

BW-723C86 is a tryptamine derivative drug which acts as a 5-HT2B receptor agonist. It has anxiolytic effects in animal studies, and is also used for investigating the function of the 5-HT2B receptor in a range of other tissues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SDZ SER-082</span> Chemical compound

SDZ SER-082 is a drug which acts as a mixed antagonist for the 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C serotonin receptors, with good selectivity over other serotonin receptor subtypes and slight preference for 5-HT2C over 5-HT2B. It has been used in animal studies into the behavioural effects of the different 5-HT2 subtypes, and how they influence the effects of other drugs such as cocaine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SB-215505</span> Chemical compound

SB-215505 is a drug which acts as a potent and selective antagonist at the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor, with good selectivity over the related 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. It is used in scientific research into the function of the 5-HT2 family of receptors, especially to study the role of 5-HT2B receptors in the heart, and to distinguish 5-HT2B-mediated responses from those produced by 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor</span> Class of drug

Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs) are a class of drugs used mainly as antidepressants, but also as anxiolytics and hypnotics. They act by antagonizing serotonin receptors such as 5-HT2A and inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine. Additionally, most also antagonize α1-adrenergic receptors. The majority of the currently marketed SARIs belong to the phenylpiperazine class of compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pruvanserin</span> Chemical compound

Pruvanserin is a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist which was under development by Eli Lilly and Company for the treatment of insomnia. It was in phase II clinical trials in 2008 but appears to have been discontinued as it is no longer in the company's development pipeline. In addition to its sleep-improving properties, pruvanserin has also been shown to have antidepressant, anxiolytic, and working memory-enhancing effects in animal studies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naphthylpiperazine</span> Chemical compound

1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine (1-NP) is a drug which is a phenylpiperazine derivative. It acts as a non-selective, mixed serotonergic agent, exerting partial agonism at the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F receptors, while antagonizing the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors. It has also been shown to possess high affinity for the 5-HT3, 5-HT5A, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors, and may bind to 5-HT4 and the SERT as well. In animals it produces effects including hyperphagia, hyperactivity, and anxiolysis, of which are all likely mediated predominantly or fully by blockade of the 5-HT2C receptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VER-3323</span> Chemical compound

VER-3323 is a drug which acts as a selective agonist for both the 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C serotonin receptor subtypes, with moderate selectivity for 5-HT2C, but relatively low affinity for 5-HT2A. It has potent anorectic effects in animal studies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SB-206553</span> Chemical compound

SB-206553 is a drug which acts as a mixed antagonist for the 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C serotonin receptors. It has anxiolytic properties in animal studies and interacts with a range of other drugs. It has also been shown to act as a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Modified derivatives of SB-206553 have been used to probe the structure of the 5-HT2B receptor.

5-HT2C receptor agonists are a class of drugs that activate 5-HT2C receptors. They have been investigated for the treatment of a number of conditions including obesity, psychiatric disorders, sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Head-twitch response</span> Head movement in rodants upon 5-HT2A receptor activation

The head-twitch response (HTR) is a rapid side-to-side head movement that occurs in mice and rats after the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is activated. The prefrontal cortex may be the neuroanatomical locus mediating the HTR. Many serotonergic hallucinogens, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), induce the head-twitch response, and so the HTR is used as a behavioral model of hallucinogen effects. However while there is generally a good correlation between compounds that induce head twitch in mice and compounds that are hallucinogenic in humans, it is unclear whether the head twitch response is primarily caused by 5-HT2A receptors, 5-HT2C receptors or both, though recent evidence shows that the HTR is mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor and modulated by the 5-HT2C receptor. Also, the effect can be non-specific, with head twitch responses also produced by some drugs that do not act through 5-HT2 receptors, such as phencyclidine, yohimbine, atropine and cannabinoid receptor antagonists. As well, compounds such as 5-HTP, fenfluramine, 1-Methylpsilocin, Ergometrine, and 3,4-di-methoxyphenethylamine (DMPEA) can also produce head twitch and do stimulate serotonin receptors, but are not hallucinogenic in humans. This means that while the head twitch response can be a useful indicator as to whether a compound is likely to display hallucinogenic activity in humans, the induction of a head twitch response does not necessarily mean that a compound will be hallucinogenic, and caution should be exercised when interpreting such results.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">25CN-NBOH</span> Chemical compound

25CN-NBOH is a compound indirectly derived from the phenethylamine series of hallucinogens, which was discovered in 2014 at the University of Copenhagen. This compound is notable as one of the most selective agonist ligands for the 5-HT2A receptor yet discovered, with a pKi of 8.88 at the human 5-HT2A receptor and with 100x selectivity for 5-HT2A over 5-HT2C, and 46x selectivity for 5-HT2A over 5-HT2B. A tritiated version of 25CN-NBOH has also been accessed and used for more detailed investigations of the binding to 5-HT2 receptors and autoradiography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SB-243213</span> Chemical compound

SB-243213 is a research chemical which acts as a selective inverse agonist for the 5HT2C receptor and has anxiolytic effects. It has better than 100x selectivity for 5-HT2C over all other receptor subtypes tested, and a longer duration of action compared to older 5-HT2C antagonist ligands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WAY-163909</span> Chemical compound

WAY-163,909 is a drug which acts as a potent and reasonably selective agonist for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. It has antipsychotic-like effects in animal models, and has been used to study the role of the 5-HT2C receptor subtype in the action of addictive drugs such as nicotine and methamphetamine.

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